iosr-JDMS   Volume-3 ~ Issue-5

Abstract: Hemoglobin E heterozygotes (Hb AE) are asymptomatic and homozygotes (Hb EE) have a mild microcytic anemia [1]. However, we had a 2 year old female child presenting with moderate pallor necessitating blood transfusions at 6 months to 1 year interval starting from eight months of age. Thorough clinical examination and investigative work-up revealed Hb E trait with Gaucher's disease. To the best of our knowledge, we are reporting for the first time the association of Hb E trait with enzyme-study confirmed Gaucher's disease. Earlier, there have been three case reports of Gaucher-like cells or Pseudo-Gaucher cells ( not Gaucher's disease) associated with classic beta thalassemia major, Hb E disease (HbEE) and thalassemia intermedia [2],[3] . It is therefore desirable to understand whether the co-existence of a thalassemia-like syndrome and a storage disease like Gaucher's disease could influence the clinical expression of each other.
Keywords: Bone marrow biopsy, Gaucher cells, HbE trait, Liver biopsy, Leukocyte betaglucosidase,plasma chitotriosidase

[1] Katsanis E, Luke KH, Hsu E, Yates JR.Hemoglobin E: a common hemoglobinopathy among children of Southeast Asian origin.
Can Med Assoc J. 1987;137:39-42.
[2] Zaino EC, Rossi MB, Pham TD, Azar HA. Gaucher's cells in thalassemia. Blood 38:457-462, 1971.
[3] Sharma P, Khurana N, Singh T :Pseudo-Gaucher cells in Hb E disease and thalassemia intermedia.Hematology. 2007 Oct; 12(5):
457-9
[4] Stewart AJ, Jones RD. Pseudo-Gaucher cells in myelodysplasia. J Clin Pathol 1999;52:917–918.
[5] Carrington PA, Stevens RF, Lendon M. Pseudo-Gaucher cells. J Clin Pathol 1992;45(4):360.
[6] Regazzoli A, Pozzi A, Rossi G. Pseudo-Gaucher plasma cells in the bone marrow of a patient with monoclonal gammopathy
ofundetermined significance. Haematologica 1997;82:727.
[7] Scullin DC, Jr, Shelburne JD, Cohen HJ. Pseudo-Gaucher cells in multiple myeloma. Am J Med 1979;67(2):347–352.
[8] Lang E, Uthman M. Pseudo-Gaucher cells in peritoneal fluid: An uncommon manifestation of extramedullary
hematopoiesis.Diagn Cytopathol 1999;20(6):379–381.
[9] Robak T, Urbanska-Rys H, Jerzmanowski P, Bartkowiak J, Liberski P, Kordek R. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma
withmonoclonal gammopathy-related pseudo-Gaucher cell infiltration in bone marrow and spleen—diagnostic and therapeutic
dilemmas. Leuk Lymphoma 2002;43(12):2343–2350.
[10] Ishihara T, Yamashita Y, Okuzono Y, Yokota T, Takahashi M, Kamei T, Uchino F, Matsumoto N, Miwa S, Fuji H, et al. Three
kinds of foamy cells in the spleen: Comparative histochemical and ultrastructural studies. Ultrastruct Pathol 1985;8(1):13–23.

Abstract:Introduction: To report a case of acute uterine torsion of gravid uterus by 360 degree at 26 weeks gestation. Method: A 32 yr old multigravida presented with acute pain abdomen at 26 weeks of gestation. On ultrasound revealed a dead foetus with concealed placental abruption. On laparotomy, it was diagnosed to be a case of 360 degree acute axial torsion of uterus. Due to excessive necrosis hysterectomy was done.
Keywords: uterine torsion, pregnancy, placental abruption, hysterectomy.

[1] Jovanovic D, Del Granado A, Stiller A. Torsion of the gravid uterus:a review and a case. J Reprod Med 1972; 8(2):81–4.
[2] Biswas MK, Summers P, Schultis SA, Herrera EH, Pernoll ML. Torsion of the gravid uterus. A report of two cases. J Reprod Med
1990;35(2):194–7.
[3] Wilson D et al. Third trimester Uterine torsion. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2006; 28(6):531-35.
[4] Rich DA, Stokes IM. Uterine torsion due to a fibroid, emergency myomectomy and transverse upper segment caesarean section. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 2002;109(1):105–6.
[5] Barber HRK, Graber EA. Uterine Torsion during pregnancy. In: Surgical disease in pregnancy. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co Ltd,
1974: 387-388.
[6] Robinson AL, Duvall HM. Torsion of the pregnant uterus. J Obstet Gynaec Br Commonw. 1931; 38: 55-84.
[7] Jenson JG. Uterine torsion in pregnancy. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand.1992; 71: 260-265.
[8] Duplantier N, Begneaud W, Wood R, Dabezies C. Torsion of gravid uterus associated with maternal trauma. A case report. J Reprod
Med. 2002; 47: 683-685.
[9] Nicholson WK, Coulson CC, McCoy CM, Semelka RC. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of uterine torsion.
Obstet & Gynecol. 1995; 85: 888-890.
[10] Pelosi MA 3rd, Pelosi MA. Managing extreme uterine torsion at term: A case report. J Reprod Med. 1998; 43: 153-157.

Abstract:Female Genital Mutilation (FGM) also known as female circumcision is a practice which is entrenched in African culture. Archaic as this practice is, it is widely carried out in Nigeria with its attendant deleterious effects. Various methods of female genital mutilation practice in Nigeria include circumcision, infibulations, intermediate infibulations, excision and the unclassified method. Among the health problems associated with FGM are shock, hermorrage, infections, vesico vaginal fistula and trauma. Efforts to eradicate female genital mutilation in Nigeria are hampered by ignorance, economic motives culture, tradition, male prejudice and non- challant attitude of the Federal Government. Nevertheless, this practice must be stopped through education of the public and legislation by the Federal Government among other measures.
Key words:1. Female Genital Mutilation 2. hemorrhage 3. Excision 4. Infibulation 5. Circumcision

[1] Adeneye, A.K. (1995). Female circumcision in South West Nigeria.
[2] A case study of Owu Abeokuta. Unpublished B.Sc. Thesis submitted to the Department o Sociology, Olabisi Onabanjo University,
Ago – Iwoye.
[3] Akpabio, U.S. (1995). A study of the practice of Female circumcision in Akwa – Ibom State. A project submitted to the Inter –
African Committee (Nigeria), Lagos.
[4] Alan, D. (1994). Infibulation in the Republic of Djibouti. Thesis No: 31, University of Bardeaus College of Medicine, Djibouti.
[5] Anderson, B.L. (2001). The long – term Reproductive Health consequences of FGM in rural Gambia. A community based survey.
The tropical medicine on International Health. 6. (8).
[6] Anderson, B.L (1989), How to Eradicate circumcision of girls: A study of efforts in Egypt, Kenya and Mali
[7] Assaud, M (1990). Female circumcision in Egypt, A current research and social implications. American University of Cairo. Studies
in Family Planning Vol. 2.
[8] Black, M. (1993). The Health and the Status of Women United Nations Children's Fund, New York, U.S.A
[9] Darer. A.A. (1993). Female circumcision and its consequences for mother and child. A paper presented to the African Symposium of
the third world, Yaounde.
[10] Dorkenoo, E. (1994). Cutting the Rose. Female Genital mutilation. The practice and its prevention 379 Brixton, London, Minority
Right Report.

Abstract:AIMS: To Correlate Breast Parenchymal Densities among Northern Women who attended Clinic Screening in relation to age and Parity.
Keywords:Breast, parenchymal density, mammogram, northern Nigeria

[1] Wolfe JN. Breast Parenchymal Patterns and Their Changes with Age. Radiology 121 (3), 121, 1976, 545-52.
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Neoplasia; 4(1), 1999, 9-19.
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of screening mammograms help decrease the false-negative rate? - Initial experience".Radiology 232 (2), 2004, 578–80.
[4] Qaseem A, Snow V, Sherif K, Aronson M, Weiss KB, Owens DK. Screening mammography for women 40 to 49 years of age: a
clinical practice guideline from the American College of Physicians. Ann. Intern. Med. 146 (7): 2007, 511–5.
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1991, 2833-2838.
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Abstract: The effect of oral administration of Artesunate on the histology of the Kidney of Albino Rat was determined histologically. Thirty Albino rats weighing 80-175g were divided into five groups (A-E) of five rats each. Group A (control) was give equal volume of distilled water daily. Group B received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 5 days and were sacrificed on the 6th day. Group C were given 4mg/kg of Artesunate for the 1st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 8 days and sacrificed on the 10th day. Group D received 4mg/kg/day of Artesunate for the 1st day, then 3mg/kg/day of Artesunate for 12 days and sacrificed on the 14th day. Group E served as recovery group which received equal treatment as group D above and were left for 10 days later on vital feed and water and were sacrificed on the 23rd day. The route of administration was orally by the use of the orogastric tube. The kidneys were removed and transferred immediately into 10% formalin. There were no marked differences between the change in weight of the control and the experimental. Administration of Artesunate to rats produced moderate to severe glomerular degeneration, focal haemorrhage, oedema, congested blood vessels, cloudy swelling of the tubules, necrosis of the tubule both in cortex and medulla. These findings were observed to be dose dependent. Artesunate may have acted as toxin to the neurons, affecting their structural integrity. It is therefore recommended that further studies aimed at corroborating this findings be carried out
Key words: Artesunate, Kidney histology, Toxicity, Antimalaria

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Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 48, 1996, 22–26.
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artemether for the treatment of recrudescent multidrug-resistant falciparum malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and
Hygiene, 59, 1998, 883-888.

Abstract:Many a times, both anatomist and morbid anatomist have been called upon to use physical features of organs of human body to determine the sex of an individual. This study was conducted to determine the variations in the morphology of an adult human cadaveric liver in Nigeria. Collections of adult human livers 62 (38 male and 24 female) of > 25 years of age was carried out for a period 3 years between March, 2008 and February, 2010 at the gross anatomy laboratories of University of Maiduguri and Abuja. The data were analyzed using percentage and two ways Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) methods. The studied samples were all found to be darkish-brown, wedged shaped, and firm and friable. The commonest mean weight for male was 1516±0.1g greater than that of female 1333±0.1g. The male mean length was 26.4±0.1cm; width, 15.7±0.2cm; and thickness, 6.0±0.2cm being greater than that of female length, 25.4±0.2 cm; width, 15.0±0.1cm and thickness, 5.5±0.2cm respectively. There was no sex significant variations, P>0.05 in all the studied parameters. This study may be useful in sex determination, studying, research and surgical purposes; and also as diagnostic stools during forensic investigations. However, physiological, pathological, genetic and environmental factors may be responsible for the differences in the weight in both sexes and populations, and require further evaluation.
Key words: Normal Morphology, Human Cadaveric Liver, Nigeria.

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Abstract:A cohort study was conducted from January, 2008- December, 2010 in Ogoni, Nigeria. Adopting interviewer-administered structured questionnaires, a total number of 422 of the respondents were interviewed to find the determinant of commercial embalmment. A total of 422 respondents were administered structuredinterviewed questionnaires. The questionnaires were distributed to embalmers either in the hospitals or at their residence while those that patronize the practice were consulted house to house and even in their business places. The questionnaires were distributed in the 5 LGAs as follows: Khana (90), Gokana (85), Tai (83), Eleme (90) and Oyigbo (74). The data were collated and simple proportional analysis carried out. The result revealed that Christian religion was the most 80(19.0%) determinant, followed by befitting burial rite/ceremony 69(16.4%) and income 56(13.3%). We conclude that even though these factors influence embalmment, the final decision lies in the hands of the deceased love ones; hence all deaths should be treated with respect and dignity before and at funeral ceremony.

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Abstract: Photoelastic stress analysis is an experimental technique for stress and strain analysis. It is based on the property of birefringence. Simulation of the accurate geometrical shape and mechanical property of the material to be studied is a mandatory requirement. It has always been a donting task to make an accurate photoelastic model of the dental structure. Innumerable materials and indefinite methods are explained in the literature. This article provides with a simple, cost effective, easily available material and a simple technique for making a photoelastic model.
Key words: photoelastic model, photoelasticity, stress analysis, epoxy resin teeth.

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Eur J Orthod 25 (2003) 117-125
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Nebraska State Museum(1997)
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IndianJDentRes19(1)2008
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of the Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. February, 1998 Blacksburg, Virginia.( dissertation).
[8] Amarante Vasconcellos Martha, Pereira Soares Venicius Marcos, Darwish Ibrahim Aref Fathi, Arnaldo Freitas Camarao. Virtual
analysis of stresses in human teeth restored with esthetic posts. Materials Research 2008;11(4):459-463.
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masticatory loading.Wien. Tierazil. Mschr- Vet.Med. Austria 2010;97:101-106.
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Abstract: The protective potential of soya bean oil and vitamin C on Ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats was evaluated. Thirty five Wistar rats of both sexes weighing 120-200g were grouped into five groups of seven rats each. Oxidative stress was induced by administration of 20% ethanol (w/v) for 28 days, at the end of the period of administration, the rats were fasted over night and their blood was collected directly from the heart via cardiac puncture in EDTA sample bottles and the blood was centrifuged and the serum was used to determine the levels of of AST, ALT and ALP in all the groups . The result revealed that Ethanol significantly (p<0.05) increased plasma AST, ALT and ALP levels. Vitamin C significantly (p<0.05) decreased serum AST while soya bean oil produced no significant (p<0.05) effect on plasma AST. The serum levels of ALT and ALP were significantly reduced following vitamin C and Soya bean oil administration. The elevation of serum AST, ALT and ALP after alcohol administration is an indication oxidative stress. The decrease in plasma concentration of the liver enzymes after treatment with vitamin C and Soya bean oil reveals the ameliorative potential of vitamin C and soya bean oil against ethanol-induced oxidative stress in Wistar rats.
Key words: Ethanol, Oxidative stress, Liver enzymes Vitamin C, Soya bean

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Abstract: Vertical dimension can be described best as the vertical height of the face. It is determined by muscular relationships, utilizing the physiologic rest position of the mandible as the guiding factor. Therefore, a practical knowledge of the physiologic rest position is essential in the determination of correct vertical dimension of occlusion.Vertical dimension of occlusion is not usually a major concern in routine fixed porosthodontic treatment. Patients with severe tooth wear, however, may require extensive restorative treatment to regain appropriate function, esthetics and comfort. Treatment of a reduced vertical dimension is not designed to increase the vertical dimension beyond normal, but is intended to restore the amount of vertical dimension that has been lost. In rehabilitative procedures, the masticatory organ must be reconstructed within the limits of the physiologic rest position with sufficient allowance for a functional interocclusal distance. Management of a case of severe tooth wear caused by loss of posterior tooth support is described.
Key words: Amelogenesis imperfecta, Dentinogenesis imperfecta, Bruxism, Vertical dimension of occlusion.

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Abstract:Background: menarche is one of the most significant milestones in a woman's life with nutritional status being one of the important non genetic determinants of menarcheal age.
Key words: age at menarche, adolescent girls, weight, height, body mass index

[1] Chumlea WC, Schubert CM, Roche AF, Kulin HE, Lee PA, Himes JH, Sun SS. Age at menarche and racial comparisons in US
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variations in menarche in rural Bangladesh. J Hlth Popul Nutr 2009; 27(6): 802 – 807.
[6] Ong KK, Ahmed ML, Dunger DB. Lesson from large population studies on timing and tempo of puberty (secular trend and relation
to body size): the European trend. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2006; 254 – 255: 8 – 12.
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Abstract:The utilization of oral implantology in the field of dentistry is growing at a rapid rate. Although the surgical aspect of the field has expanded into many high-profile areas (i.e., immediate implant placement, distraction Osteogenesis, and the orthodontic anchorage implant), it is the prosthetic aspect that is the most critical for long term success. More specifically, the occlusal considerations for implant supported prostheses make a major contribution to ensure predictable results. This article reviews occlusal principles and clinical applications for long term success of endosseous implants.
Key words: Occlusion, Implant protective occlusion, occlusal scheme, biomechanics, occlusal stability.

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mandible: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12: 215-223.
[8] Richter EJ: In Vivo horizontal Bending Moments on Implants: Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13:232-244.
[9] Stegaroiu R, Kusakari H, Nishiyama S, Miyakawa O: Influence of Prosthesis Material on stress distribution in bone and implant : A
3-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1998; 13:781-790.
[10] Weinberg LA: Reduction of implant loading using a modified centric occlusal anatomy. Int J Prosthodont 1998; 11:55-69.

Abstract:Tetracycline is a broad spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces genus actinobacteria, indicated for use against many bacterial infections. Several studies have reported its effect on protein synthesis and teratogenicity but there is scanty information on its effect on male reproduction. This study was design to investigate the effect of this drug on serum testosterone level and sperm characteristic in male albino rats. Tetracycline (25 mg/kg BW) was administered for 30 days for andrological studies. Distilled water (0.5 ml) serves as the control. Serum testosterone level was assayed using Enzyme-Link Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and semen analysis was done microscopically, histological analysis of the testis, kidney and liver were also carried out. Data were analysed using the student's t-Test at p<0.05
Key words: Tetracycline, Albino rats, Testosterone, Sperm count

[1] Baldessarini RJ (1980): In drugs and the treatment of psychiatriod disorders. The pharmacological basis of therapeutics Ed. By
Goodman and Gilman. Macmillan Pub. Co. Inc. pp. 301-417.
[2] Bhattacharya SK (2003): "An evaluation of current cholera treatment". Expert Opin Pharmacother 4(2): 141 – 6.
[3] Bloom W, Fawcett DW (1975): Male reproductive system. In the textbook of Histology. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
[4] Bowman WC, Rand MJ (1985): The reproductive system and drugs affecting the reproductive systems. Textbook of pharmacology,
2nd edition, 20:1-8.
[5] Christensen AC (1975): Leydig cell: In: Handbook of Physiology, edited by P.O. Greep and E.B. Astwoods. Washington D C
American Physiological Society.
[6] Craig CR, Stitzel R (1982): Modern Pharmacology; 1st Edition Pp 653 – 655.
[7] Das UK, De D, Chatterjee K, Mallick C, Bera TK, Ghosh D (2009): Antigonadal effect induced by hydro-methanolic extract of leaf
of Aelgle mermelos in male rat: Effect of hCG co-administration. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(10), Pp728 – 735.
[8] Fridman JM, Mallina WB, Desman DB (1990): "Potential human teratogenicity of frequently administered drugs" . Obstet Gynecol
(75), 594 – 599.
[9] Gonzales C, Rubio J, Gasco M, Nieto J, Sandra Y, Gonzales GF (2006): Effect of short -term and long-term treatments with three
ecotypes of Lepidium meyenii (MACA) on spermatogenesis in rats. Journal of Ethnnopharmacol. (103), 448 – 454
[10] Grenier D, Hout M, Mayrand D (2000): Iron-chelating activity of tetracyclines and its impact on the susceptibility of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans to these antibiotics. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 106, 763 - 766

Abstract: Metronidazole is an antibiotic which is widely used in the treatment of parasitic diseases. Several studies have reported its tumorigenic, mutagenic and antimicrobial effects, but there is a dearth of information on its effect on blood chemistry. This study was designed to investigate its effect on haematological parameters in male albino rats.
Key words: Metronidazole, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Albino rats, Packed cell volume

[1] Adedapo A.A, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo O.O (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and biochemical
parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[3] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[4] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[5] Das UK, De D, Chatterjee K, Mallick C, Bera TK, Ghosh D (2009): Antigonadal effect induced by hydro-methanolic extract of leaf
of Aelgle mermelos in male rat: Effect of hCG co-administration. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research Vol. 3(10), Pp728 – 735.
[6] De Gruchy GC (1976): Clinical haematology in Medical Practice. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London pp. 33-57.
[7] Dean H.J, Cornacoff BJ, Rosenthal JG, Luster I. (198): Immune System: Evaluation of Injury. In; Hayes AW, Editor. Principles and
Methods of Toxicology. New York: Raven Press; 1989.
[8] Elizondo G, Montero R, Herrera JE, Hong E, Ostrosky-Wegman P. (1994): Lymphocyte proliferation kinetics and sister-chromatid
exchanges in individuals treated with metronidazole. Mutat Res (2): 133-7.
[9] El-Nahas AF, El-Ashmawy (2004): Reproductive and cytogenetic toxicity of metronidazole in male mice. Pharmacol Toxicol 2004;
5:226-31.
[10] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.

Abstract:Vernonia amygdalina is a shrub that grows throughout tropical Africa. Several studies have reported the nutritional, anti-malaria and anti-helminthic effects of its extracts; but there is a dearth of information on its effect on blood chemistry. This study was designed to investigate the effect of methanolic extract of Vernonia amygdalina (MEVA) on the haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in male albino rats.
Key words: Vernonia amygdalina, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Albino rats, Albumin.

[1] Ainslie JR (1937): The list of plants used in native medicine in Nigeria, Imp. Forest. list. Oxford Inst. Paper 7 (mimeo)
[2] Akah PA, Okafor CI (1992): Hypoglycemic effect of Vernonia amygdalina in experimental rabbits Plant Med. Res. 1: 6 – 10.
[3] Akinpelu OA (1999): Antimicrobial activity of Vernonia amygdalina leaves. Fitoterapia 70: 432 – 434.
[4] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[5] Bosni ML, Osuji K, Tuah PO, Umunna NN (1995): Vernonia amygdalina as a supplement to teff straw fed to Ethiopian Menz sheep Agroforest. Syst. 31:229 – 241.
[6] Challand S, Willcox ML (2009): A clinical trial of the Vernonia amygdalina in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria. Journal of
alternative and complementary medicine, 15: 1231 – 1237.
[7] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[8] De Gruchy G.C. (1976): Clinical haematology in Medical Practice. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London pp. 33-57.
[9] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[10] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.

Abstract:The effect of oral administration of aqueous extract of Corchorus olitorius (AECO) at doses of 250 mg/kg BW, 500 mg/kg BW and 750 mg/kg BW on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in male albino rats were investigated. The extract was administered on daily basis for 30 days and blood samples were collected for haematological and plasma biochemical assays.
Key words: Corchorus olitorius, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Albumin, Albino rats.

[1] Abu- Hadid AF, El-Shinawy MZ, El-Bethagy AS, Gaafer SA, Medany M (1994): Studies on the production of off-season Jew's
mallow (Molokhia) in Egypt. Egypt J. Hort., 21:187-193.
[2] Adedapo A.A, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo O.O (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and
biochemical parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[3] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[4] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[5] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[6] Das AK, Sahu R, Dua TK, Baq S et. al. (2010): Arsenic-induced myocardial injury: protective role of Corchorus olitorius leaves.
Food Chem Toxicol 48 (5): 1210-7.
[7] De Gruchy GC (1976): Clinical haematology in Medical Practice. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London pp. 33-57.
[8] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[9] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.
[10] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.

Abstract:The effect of oral administration of 7.5 mg/kg BW of paracetamol on haematological and reproductive parameters in female albino rats were investigated. The paracetamol was administered by gavage on daily basis for haematological study, but administered orally for 21 days for estrous cycle study. Treatment of rats with 7.5 mg/kg BW of paracetamol caused insignificant (p>0.05) changes in the RBC, PCV, Hb, TWBC, platelet, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil, monocyte and haematmetric indices (MCV, MCHC, MCH) values relative to their respective controls.
Key words:Paracetamol, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Estrous cycle, Albino rats.

[1] Al-Swayeh OA, Futter LE, Clifford RH, Moore PK (2000): Nitroparacetamol exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive
activity. Br J Pharmacol 130 (7): 1453-1456.
[2] Anderson BJ, Holford NHG, Woollard GA (1998): Paracetamol plasma and cerebrospinal fluid pharmacokinetics in children. Br J
Clin Pharmacol; 46: 237 – 43
[3] Circosta C, Sanogo R, Occhiuto F (2001): Effect of Calotropis procera on estrous cycle and on estrogenic functionality in rats.
Farmaco 2001; 56: 373 – 8
[4] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[5] Garcia RLA, Hernandez-Diaz S (2000): The risk of upper gastrointestinal complications associated with nonsteroidal anti -
inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids, acetaminophen, and combinations of these agents. Arthritis Research and Theraphy 3 (2): 98- 101.
[6] Hawkins LC, Edwards JN, Dargan PI (2007): Impact of restricting paracetamol pack sizes on paracetamol poisoning in the United
Kingdom: a review of the literature. Drug Saf 30 (6): 465-79.
[7] Hongslo JK, Smith CV, Brunborg G. et. al., (1993): Genotoxicity of paracetamol in mice and rats. Mutagenesis 9 (2): 93-100.
[8] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.
[9] Michael S, Gross AD, Altman R. (2007): The Cancer Dictionary. Infobase Publishing. ISBN 9780816064113.
[10] Mitruka BM, Rawnsley H (1977): Clinical, biochemical and haematological references values in normal experimental animals.
Masson Publishing USA Inc. Pp. 53-54.

Abstract:The effect of oral administration of 20% alcohol (10 ml/kg BW) on haematological and reproductive parameters in female albino rats were investigated. The alcohol was orally administered for 30 days for haematological study, but administered orally for 21 days for estrous cycle study. Treatment of rats with 10 ml/kg BW of alcohol caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in the RBC and lymphocyte counts relative to their respective controls but caused no significant (p>0.05) changes in the PCV, Hb, platelet and TWBC values relative to their respective controls.
Key words: Alcohol, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Estrous cycle, Albino rats.

[1] Adedapo A.A, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo O.O (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and
biochemical parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[3] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[4] Belzunegui J, Insausti R, Ibanez J, Gonzalo LM (1995): Effect of chronic alcoholism on neuronal nuclear size and neuronal
population in the mammillary body and the anterior thalamic complex of man. Histol Histopathol 10 (3), 633-638.
[5] Beracochea DJ, Lescaudron L, Tako A et. al., (1987): Build-up and release from proactive interference during chronic ethanol
consumption in mice: a behavioural and neuroanatomical study. Behav Brain Res 25, 63-74.
[6] Bontempi B, Berocochea D, Jaffard R, Destrade C (1996): Reduction of regional brain glucose metabolism following different
durations of chronic ethanol consumption in mice: a selective effect on diencephalic structures. Neurosci 72 (4): 1141-1153.
[7] Chiang CY, Yeh KY, Lin SF et. al., (2008): Effect of alcohol on the mouse-killing behavior of olfactory bulbectomized rats.
Chinese Journal of Physiology 51 (6): 408-413.
[8] Circosta C, Sanogo R, Occhiuto F. (2001): Effect of Calotropis procera on estrous cycle and on estrogenic functionality in rats.
Farmaco 2001; 56:373-8.
[9] Crews F, He J, Hodge C (2007): Adolescent cortical development: a critical period of vulnerability for addiction. Pharmacol
Biochem Behav 86:189-199.
[10] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.

Abstract:The effect of oral administration of 10 mg/kg BW of aspirin on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters in albino rats were investigated. The aspirin was administered on daily basis for 30 days and blood samples were collected for analyses. Treatment of rats for 30 days with 10 mg/kg BW of aspirin caused significant (p<0.05) reductions in PCV, Hb, TWBC and monocyte values relative to their respective controls; but caused significant (p<0.05) increments in the activities of AST and ALT relative to their respective controls.
Key words:Aspirin, Red blood cell, Total white blood cell, Albumin, Albino rats.

[1] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[2] British National Formulary (BNF) (2003): British Medical Journal and Royal Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain, 45 ed.
[3] Chaloob AK, Qasim HM, Gassim MH (2009): The effects of aspirin and fenugreek seed on the testes of white mice. Fac Med
Baghdad. Vol 52, No 3: pp 349-351.
[4] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[5] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[6] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.
[7] Guitton MJ, Caston J, Ruel J et. al., (2003): Salicylate induces tinnitus through activation of cochlear NMDA receptors J. Neurosci
23 (9): 3944-52.
[8] Hall SL, Lorenc T (2010): Secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. American family physician 81 (3): 289-96.
[9] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.
[10] Li Y, Xia, Kuter DJ (1999): Interaction of thrombopoietin with the platelet complements receptor in plasma: binding,
internalization, stability and pharmacokinetics. Brit J. Haematol 106: 345.

Abstract:The effect of oral administration of chromatographic fraction of Portulaca oleracea at doses of 1 mg/kg BW, 2 mg/kg BW and 3 mg/kg BW on haematological and plasma biochemical parameters of albino rats were investigated. The fraction was administered on daily basis for 30 days and blood samples were collected for analyses. Treatment of rats with 1 mg/kg BW and 2 mg/kg BW of fraction caused significant (p<0.05) increases in TWBC and lymphocyte counts respectively relative to their controls, but treatment of rats with 2 mg/kg BW of fraction caused significant (p<0.05) decrease in monocyte count relative to the control.
Key words: Portulaca oleracea, Chromatographic fraction, Red blood cell, Albumin, Albino rats.

[1] Adedapo A.A, Abatan MO, Olorunsogo O.O (2007): Effects of some plants of the spurge family on haematological and
biochemical parameters in rats. VETERINARSKI ARHIV 77 (1), 29 – 38.
[2] Adewusi EA, Afolayan AJ (2009): Safety evaluation of the extract from the roots of Pelargonium reniforme Curtis in male wistar
rats. Afr. J. Pharm and Pharmacology, vol. 3(8): pp. 368 – 373.
[3] Ainslie JR (1937): The list of plants used in native medicine in Nigeria, Imp. Forest. Inst. Oxford Inst. Paper 7(mimeo) .
[4] American Diabetes Association (2000): Nutrition recommendation and principles for people with diabetes mellitus clinical practice
recommendations Diabetes care 23:543-6.
[5] Burkill HM (1997): The useful plants of West Tropical Africa, vol.4. The Whitefriars Press Limited, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 IQR,
Great Britain.
[6] Dacie JV, Lewis SM (1991): Practical haematology, 7th edition ELBS with Churchill Livingston, England, pp 37-85.
[7] De Gruchy GC (1976): Clinical haematology in Medical Practice. Blackwell Scientific Publication. Oxford, London pp. 33-57.
[8] Doumas BT, Watson W, Biggs HC (1971): Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green.
Clinica Chimica Acta 31, 87-96.
[9] Duncan JR, Praise KW, Mahaffey EA (1994): Veterinary Laboratory Medicine (Clinical Pathology) 3rd ed. Iowa State University
Press, U.S.A.
[10] Jain NC (1986): Schalm's Veterinary Haematology 4th ed. Lea and Fabiger, Philadelphia.