iosr-JECE   Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering' 2013

Abstract: Remote sensing is the acquisition of information about an object or phenomenon without making physical contact with the object. In modern usage, the term generally refers to the use of aerial sensor technologies to detect and classify objects on Earth (both on the surface, and in the atmosphere and oceans) by means of propagated signals (e.g. electromagnetic radiation emitted from aircraft or satellites). Remote sensing makes it possible to collect data on dangerous or inaccessible areas. Remote sensing applications include monitoring deforestation in areas such as the Amazon Basin, glacial features in Arctic and Antarctic regions, and depth sounding of coastal and ocean depths. Military collection during the Cold War made use of stand-off collection of data about dangerous border areas. Remote sensing also replaces costly and slow data collection on the ground, ensuring in the process that areas or objects are not disturbed.This paper takes review of methods used in remote sensing, GPS and GIS technology and inters relationship among them for different applications

Keywords - Remote sensing, GPS, GIS

[1] APPLICATION OF REAL TIME GIS USING REMOTE SENSING AND RTK-GPS FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT:GEOSCIENCE AND REMOTE SENSING SYMPOSIUM, 2004. IGARSS '04. PROCEEDINGS. 2004 IEEE INTERNATIONAL: 20-24 SEPT. 2004 BY OKUNO, A. KANAZAWA INST. OF TECHNOL., ISHIKAWA; SHIKADA, M. 4790 - 4792 VOL.7
[2] M.Shikada, A.Okuno et al. Coordinate Transformation of Large-scale Map Data for Real-time Update of Maps using RTK-GPS, The Journal of Survey,Vol.54,No.8,pp. 10-13.2004

[3] M.Shikada, A.Okuno et al. Coordinate Transformation of Large-scale Map Data for Real-time Update of Maps using RTK-GPS, The Journal of Applied Survey Technology, Vol.15, pp.51-56, 2004

[4] S. Murai, 2002. Geoinfoematics, Revised Edition, pp.10-41, pp.62-63, pp. 70-164

[5] M. Tobita, 2002. Japanese Geodetic Datum 2000 and coordinates transformation, pp.42-64, pp.136-156

[6] A. Okuno and M. Shikada, "Application of REAL TIME GIS using RTK-GPS for Local Government, XX International Society of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing Symposium,pp.1-6,2004.

[7] A., Chieko, M., Naoko, S., Masaaki, H. Tomita, K. Iwamura, "Management of Mapping in Local Government using Remote Sensing and the REAL TIME GIS", IEEE 2002, International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 0-7803-7537-8/02, 2002

Abstract: The aim of hand gesture recognition researches is to develop such a system that will easily identify gestures, and use them for variety of application ranging from sign language to virtual reality. The discussion on the various approaches for vision based hand gesture recognition based on Support vector Machine (SVM) is given in this paper. SVM is one of the most important machine learning algorithms that analyze data and recognize patterns, used for classification and regression analysis even for the large input space. Brief introduction and working as well as various implementation mechanisms are also discussed in this paper.

Keywords: hyperplane, PCA, SIFT, soft margin, SVM, Vision based hand Gesture.

[1] Chun Zhu and Weihua Sheng, "Wearable Sensor-Based Hand Gesture and Daily Activity Recognition for Robot-Assisted Living", IEEE transactions on systems, man and cybernetics-part a: systems and humans, vol.41, no.3, May 2011.
[2] Vladimir I. Pavlovic, Rajeev Sharma and Thomas S. Huang, "Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review" IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine intelligence, vol.19, no.7, July1997.
[3] Sushmita Mitra, and Tinku Acharya, "Gesture Recognition: A Survey", IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics-part c: applications and reviews, vol.37, no.3 May 2007.
[4] R. Oka, "Spotting Method for Classification of Real World Data", the Computer Journal, vol. 41, no. 8, pp. 559-565, July 1998.
[5] H. Yoon, J. Soh, Y. Bae, and H. Yang, "Hand Gesture RecognitionUsing Combined Features of Location, Angle and Velocity," Pattern Recognition, vol. 34, no. 7, pp. 1491-1501, July 2001
[6] Paulraj M P1, Hazry Desa1 ,et.al., "Feature Extraction Based On Centroid And DCTE for Sign Language Recognition", Proceedings of the International Conference on Digital Factory, ICDF 2008, August 11-13, 2008 USA. 222
[7] L. Bretzner, I. Laptev, T. Lindeberg, "Hand gesture recognition using multiscale color features, hieracrchichal models and particle filtering", in Proceedings of Int. Conf. on Automatic face and Gesture recognition, Washington D.C., May 2002.
[8] Argyros, M. Lourakis, "Vision-Based Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Remote Control of a Computer Mouse", Proc. of the workshop on Computer Human Interaction, 2006, pp. 40-51.
[9] L. Yun and Z. Peng, "An automatic hand gesture recognition system based on Viola-Jones method and SVMs", in Proc. 2nd Int. Workshop Comput. Sci. Eng., 2009, pp. 72–76.
[10] Y. Ren and C. Gu, "Real-time hand gesture recognition based on vision," in Proceeding Edutainment, 2010, pp. 468–475

Abstract: The performance of applications of wireless sensor network depend upon the precise location of the nodes. The localization protocol patches together the relative coordinate, local maps into a global coordinate map. These protocols require some nodes that know their absolute coordinates, called anchor nodes. While many factors influence the node position errors, in this class of protocols, using Procrustes Analysis, the placement of the anchor nodes can significantly impact the error. Through simulation, using the Curvilinear Component Analysis (CCA-MAP) protocol, we show the impact of anchor node placement and propose a set of guidelines to ensure the best possible outcome, while using the smallest number of anchor nodes possible.

Keywords -Anchor node placement, Curvilinear Component Analysis, Connectivity Level, Localization, Mean localization error, Range based and range free localization

[2] Y. Shang, W. Rumi, Y. Zhang, and M. Fromherz, "Localization from connectivity in sensor networks," Parallel and Distributed Systems, IEEE Transactions on, vol. 15, pp. 961–974, November 2004.

[3] L. Li and T. Kunz, "Localization applying an efficient neural network mapping," in Proceedings of the 1st international conference on Autonomic computing and communication systems (Autonomics 2007), vol. 302, (Rome, Italy), 2007. [

4] L. Li and T. Kunz, "Cooperative node localization using nonlinear data projection," ACM Transactions on Sensor Networks (TOSN), vol. 5, February 2009.

[5] Li, L.; Kunz, T. Cooperative node localization using non-linear data projection. ACM Trans. Sens. Netw. 2009, 5, 1–26.

[6] Li, L.; Kunz, T. Localization Applying an Efficient Neural Network Mapping. In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Autonomic Computing and Communication Systems, Rome, Italy, October 2007; Volume 1

[7] Alikhani, S.; St-Hilaire, M.; Kunz, T. iCCA-MAP: A New Mobile Node Localization Algorithm. In Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking and Communications, Marrakech, Morocco, October 2009; pp. 382–387. [8] Alikhani, S.; Kunz, T.; St-Hilaire, M. iCCA-MAP versus MCL and Dual MCL: Comparison of Mobile Node Localization Algorithms. Lect. Notes Comput. Sci. 2010, 6288, 163–176.

[9] Demartines, P.; Hrault, J. Curvilinear component analysis: A self-organizing neural network for nonlinear mapping of data sets. IEEE Trans. Neural Netw. 1997, 8, 148–154.

[10] Li Li, Localization in Self-healing Autonomous Sensor Network (SASNet): Requirements, Design Considerations and Research Recommendations, Report of CRC/DRDC, CRC-RP- 2007-005, September 2007

Abstract: Automation is the Technology Concerned withApplication of Mechanical, electronics & computer based systems to operate & control production. Due to advancement in technology we have seen atomization of many things. We have seen an atomized vending machine which will serve a hot or soft drinks, Chocolates &many things. There is automation of tickets on railway station. So into day's world due increased demand and competition we need to serve the people as user friendly as fast as possible. In restaurants menu cards are available on each table .we can refer it & place our order to waiter. But we never noticed disadvantages of this conventional method. You need to wait for the waiter to attend to you. Even it becomes difficult for the restaurant manager to keep the changing prices on menu card. At the same time adding the new menu to the same card becomes tedious job for anyone who is responsible for this job since changing menu card within less time may result in cost rise. To overcome these problems, this system installed on every table for ordering the menu. These units will work as slave units & will be connected to central unit which can be kept at managers table.

[1] MC1322x Advanced ZIGBEE-Compliant SoC Platform for the 2.4 GHz IEEE 802.15.4 Standard ReferenManual, www.freescale.com/files/rf_if/doc/data_sheet/MC1322x.pdf [

2] www.freescale.com/ZIGBEE

[3] Zonal Location and Asset Tracking with ZIGBEETechnology (using RSSI), Cambridge Consultants (Oct. 12,2006), www.ZIGBEE.org

Abstract: A new blind channel estimation scheme for OFDM systems is based on the maximum likelihood (ML) principle. The approach combines different modulation schemes on adjacent subcarriers, such as BPSK and QPSK, to resolve phase ambiguity. By avoiding the use of second- and higher-order statistics, a very fast convergence rate is achieved. In this paper the maximum likelihood (ML) is used for symbol-time and carrier-frequency offset estimator in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. It also shows the results for bit error rate and signal to noise ratio. In the uplink of such systems users must be aligned in time and frequency to maintain the orthogonality of the subcarriers. Redundant information contained within the cyclic prefix enables this estimation without additional pilots. Simulations show that the frequency estimator may be used in a tracking mode and the time estimator in an acquisition mode. It is important to note that probability of error( POE) is proportional to Eb/No, which is a form of signal-to-noise ratio.

Keywords - Blind channel estimation, ML estimation and OFDM system.

1. [1] W.Y. Zou and Y.Wu, "COFDM: An Overview", IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, vol. 41, no. 1, pp. 1-8, March 1995.
2. [2] J.A.C. Bingham, "Multicarrier modulation for data transmission: an idea whose time has come", IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 28, no. 5, pp. 5-14, May 1990.
3. [3] L. Wei and C. Schlegel, "Synchronization requirements for multi-user OFDM on satellite mobile and two-path Rayleigh fading channels", IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 43, no. 2/3/4, pp. 887-895, February/March/April 1995.
4. [4] T. Pollet and M. Moeneclaey, "Synchronizability of OFDM signals", in Proceedings of the IEEE Global Telecommunications Conference (GLOBECOM'95), Singapore, November 1995
5. [5] T. Pollet, M. van Bladel, and M. Moeneclaey, "BER sensitivity of OFDM systems to carrier frequency offset and Wiener phase noise", IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 43, no. 2/3/4, pp. 191-193, February/March/April 1995.
6. [6] W.D. Warner and C. Leung, "OFDM/FM frame synchronization for mobile radio data communication", IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 42, no. 3, pp. 302-313, August 1993.
7. [7] P.J. Tourtier, R. Monnier, and P. Lopez, "Multicarrier modem for digital HDTV terrestrial broadcasting", Signal Processing: Image Communication, vol. 5, no. 5-6,pp. 379-403, December 1993.
8. [8] F. Daffara and A. Chouly, "Maximum likelihood frequency detectors for orthogonal multicarrier systems", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC'93), May 1993
9. [9] J.J. van de Beek, M. Sandell, M. Isaksson, and P.O. BÄorjesson, "Low-complex frame synchronization in OFDM systems", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Universal Personal Communications (ICUPC'95), Tokyo, Japan, November 1995
10. [10] M. Sandell, J.J. van de Beek, and P.O. BÄorjesson, "Timing and frequency synchronization in OFDM systems using the cyclic prefix", in Proceedings of the IEEE International Symposium on Synchronization, Essen, Germany, December 1995

Abstract: In contrast to the sophisticated implementation of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) transmitter using application specific integrated circuit(ASIC), mixer, and local oscillator(LO) for carrier signal; software defined radio(SDR) provides a high performance, efficient and re-configurable platform to integrate all these individual functions of BPSK transmitter. This work presents a tutorial exploitation to design and implement BPSK transmitter using field programmable gate array(FPGA) for digital signal processing. The DSP-based BPSK transmitter is developed and compiled to VHDL(VHSIC Hardware Description Language) netlist. For proper interfacing D/A converter(DAC) with FPGA, a HDL module of configurations of LTC-2624 Analog Module and clock synthesizer is integrated with the HDL netlist of BPSK transmitter. The cascaded pulse-shaping filter is a Gaussian-filter that is used to eliminate any high-frequency noise component including sharp transitions caused by ISI. Finally,the optimally synthesized netlist of the integrated design is implemented into Xilinx Spartan-3E FPGA development board with DAC. The verification of DAC output signal via oscilloscope shows the empirical real-time result similar to the simulated result. Further up-conversion for the BPSK transmitted signal to higher frequency can be done using external analog RF devices with some design modifications.

Keywords- BPSK, FPGA, DAC, ISI, VHDL.

[1] J. Mitola, "The Software Radio Architecture," IEEE Commun. Mag., vol. 33, no. 5, pp. 26- 38, May 1995.
[2] J. E. Gunn, K. S. Barron, and W. Ruczczyk, "A Low-Power DSP Core Based Software Radio Architecture," IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun., vol. 17, no. 4, Apr. 1999.
[3] M. S. Safadi and D. L. Ndzi, "Digital Hardware Choices for Software Radio (SDR) Baseband Implementation," in Proc. 2nd ICTTA‟06, 2006, vol. 2, pp. 2623-2628.
[4] J. G. Proakis, Digital Communications, 5th ed., New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008.
[5] F. Ahamed and F. A. Scarpino, "An Educational Digital Communications Project Using FPGAs to Implement a BPSK Detector," IEEE Trans. Edu., vol. 48, no. 1, Feb 2005.
[6] K. E. Mohamed and B. M. Ali, "Digital Design of DS-CDMA Transmitter Using VHDL and FPGA," in Proc. Jointly Held with 7th MICC and 13th ICON, 2005, vol. 2, pp. 632-636.
[7] F. M. Demir, U. Kafadar, S. Dikmese, and H. Dincer, "FPGA Based Implementation of Communication Modulation," in Proc. 15th Signal Process. &Commun. Appl., 2007, pp. 1-4.
[8] Y. Tachwali and Hazem, "Implementation of a BPSK Transceiver on Hybrid Software Defined Radio Platforms," in Proc. 3rd ICTTA, 2008, pp.1-5.
[9] N. P. Cagigal and S. Bracho, "Algorithmic determination of linear feedback in a shift register for pseudorandom binary sequence generation," IEE Proc., vol. 133, Pt. G, No. 4, pp. 191-194, Aug. 1986.

Abstract: Localization has newly received research interest due to the success of the emerging wireless sensor network (WSN) technology. This interest is expected to grow further with the proliferation of wireless sensor network applications such as medicine, military, transport... In this context routing, protocols and technologies of communication on those wireless area are enormously applied to sensor networks in order to improve the quality of service and communication. Related to this work, we present a distributed algorithm for localization of nodes in a discrete model of a random ad hoc communication network.

Keywords— Localization, WSN

[01] L. Doherty. Algorithms for position and data recovery in wireless sensor networks. Master's thesis, UC Berkeley, 2000.
[02] L. Doherty, K. S. J. Pister, and L. El Ghaoui. Convex position estimation in wireless sensor networks. 2000.
Distributed Localization in Wireless Ad-hoc Networks
Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering (SICETE) 38 | Page
Dr.J.J.Magdum College of Engineering, Jaysingpur
[03] G.R. Grimmett and D.R. Strizaker. Probability and Random Processes. Oxford University Press, second edition, 1997.
[04] J. Kusuma, L. Doherty, and K. Ramchandran. Distributed source coding for sensor networks. In Proc. IEEE Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP), October 2001.
[05] J.M. Kahn, R.H. Katzand, and K.S.J. Pister. Mobile networking for Smart Dust. In ACM/IEEE Intl. Conf. on Mobile Computing and Networking, Seattle, WA, August 1999
[06] Amitangshu Pal,―Localization Algorithms in Wireless Sensor. Networks: Current Approaches and Future Challenges‖, macrothink, 2010, Vol. 2, No. 1
[07] Zhetao Li, Renfa Li, Yehua Wei and Tingrui Pei, 2010.‖ Survey of Localization Techniques in Wireless Sensor Networks‖. Information Technology Journal, 9: 1754-1757.
[08] J. Chen, K. Yao, and R. Hudson, ―Source localization and beamforming,‖IEEE Signal Processing Magazine, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 30–39,2002.
International Conference Pattern Recognition, Paris (France), 1986, pp. 369-373.

Abstract: This paper presents an analytical method of calculating total harmonic active and apparent power in the power system in harmonic environment. Starting from the harmonic measurement strategies, the effect on true power factor is discussed. The harmonic active power flow in the system and accordingly, the locations of the sources of particular harmonics are found. Also, numerical results are obtained with reference to a case study of a steel industry with induction furnace as a nonlinear load.

Keywords - Active harmonic power, power flow, total apparent power

[1] Massimo Ailello,Antonio Cataliotti,Valentina Cosentino,Salvatore Nuccio, " A power quality instrument for harmonics interharmonics and amplitude disturbances measurements ".Proceedings.XVII IMEKO World Congress,June 22-27,2003,Dubrovnik,Croatia.

[2] Sankaran, C. (1995-10-01). "Effects of harmonics on power systems". Electrical Construction and Maintenance Magazine. Penton Media, Inc.. Retrieved 2008-09-05.

[3] Almoataz Youssef Abdelaziz. "Sources and Mitigation of Harmonics in Industrial Electrical Power Systems: State of the Art" The Online Journal on Power and Energy Engineering (OJPEE) 3.4 (2012): 320-332.

[4] Jos Arrillaga & Neville R. Watson, Power System Harmonics, 2nd edition, 2007, John Wiley & Sons

[5] IEEE, Recommended Practice and Requirements for Harmonics Control in Electrical power Systems, ANSI/ IEEE 519-1992

[6] Jos Arrillaga, Neville R. Watson and S.Chen, Power system quality assessment,1st 2000 edition, John Wiley & Sons.

Abstract: Ad hoc on demand distance vector routing protocol is specially designed for mobile ad hoc networks with reduced overhead using Expanding Ring Search technique. But energy consumption should also be considered in MANET due to battery constrain of the nodes. In this paper, we propose an energy efficient route discovery process for AODV based on ERS. Our approach saves energy of the nodes by avoiding the redundant rebroadcasting of the route request packets. The relaying status of the node is decided based on the broadcasting of its RREQ packets by its neighbors. And it helps in reducing routing overhead incurred during the route discovery process. Simulations are performed to study the performance of Energy Efficient AODV (E2AODV) protocol using GloMoSim, the Global Mobile Simulator. This E2AODV reduces energy consumption by75-85% compared to AODV. It also reduces routing overhead of around 65-75% and there by reduces 60-70% collisions

Keywords - Mobile Ad-hoc Networks, Ad-hoc On-Demand Distance Vector Routing Protocol, Expanding Ring Search, Energy consumption

[1] D.P.Agarwal and Q-A Zeng, Introduction to Wireless and Mobile Systems, Brooks / Cole Publishing, ISBN No. 0534-40851-6,436 pages,2003.
[2]Padmini Misra, Routing Protocols for Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks,
http://www.cse.wustl.edu/~jain/cis788-99 /ftp/adhoc_routing.
[3] Elizabeth M.Royer and C.K.Toh,"A Review of current Routing Protocol for Ad-Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks ", 2003.
[4] C.E.Perkins, "AdHoc Networking", Addison-Wesley Publication, Singapore, 2001.
[5] Woonkang Heo and Minseok Oh, "Performance of Expanding Ring Search Scheme in AODV Routing Algorithm", Second International Conference on Future Generation Communication and Networking, pp : 128- 132, China, 2008.

Abstract: Fingerprint verification is one of the most reliable personal identification methods. It plays a very important role in forensic and civilian applications. In this paper we propose a simple and effective approach for fingerprint liveness detection based on the wavelet analysis of the finger tip surface texture. In present situation, manual fingerprint verification is so tedious, time-consuming, expensive and incapable of meeting today's increasing performance requirements. Wavelet transform which has wide range of applications such as image compression, denoising noisy data, texture classification, etc., is used for fingerprint verification. Experimental results show that our method can successfully differentiate live finger tips from fake finger tips made of most commonly used material in fingerprint spoofing.

Keywords - Denoising, Fingerprint, Liveness, spoofing, Wavelet.

[1] D. Maltoni, D. Maio, A. K. Jain, and S. Prabhakar. Handbook of Fingerprint Recognition, Springer Verlag, New York, USA,
June 2003, pp. 286-291
[2] W. S. Lu, Wavelet Approaches to Still Image Denoising, Conference Record of the 31st Asilomar Conference on Signals,
Systems & Computers, vol. 2, Nov. 1997, pp. 1705-1709
[3] D. L. Donoho, De-Noising by Soft-Thresholding, IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 41, Issue 3, May 1995, pp. 613
- 627
[4] D. L. Donoho, I. M. Johnstone, Ideal Spatial Adaptation by wavelet shrinkage, Biometrika, vol. 88, 1994, pp. 425-455
[5] http://fpserver.cse.cuhk.edu.hk/liveness.htm

Abstract: The aim of this study is to apply and compare conventional CCM(Computer colour matching) System and fuzzy system to measure colour strength of printed fabric as a function of GSM(grams per square meter),Number of strokes and viscosity.CCM (computer colour matching) system uses Kubelka-Munk theory for colour strength (K/S ratio) measurement.The fuzzy logic system proves robustness against variation in parameters such as fabric GSM, No. of strokes, viscosity. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy logic system (FLS) is evaluated under different operating conditions such as of fabric GSM, number of strokes, viscosity etc. The results of proposed FLS system are more accurate than conventional system.

Keywords-Colour strength (K/S ratio), Computer colour matching system(CCM), Fuzzy logic system (FLS), Kubelka-Munk theory.

[1] M. Nasiri, S.M. Taheri and H. Tarkesh, "Applying Genetic-Fuzzy Approach to Model Polyester Dyeing, Analysis and Design of Intelligent Systems Using Soft Computing Techniques", 41: 608-617, 2007.

[2] Maryam Nasiri , Stefan Berlik "Modeling of Polyester Dyeing Using an Evolutionary Fuzzy System" IFSA- EUSFLAT 2009.

[3] Mourad, S.; Emmel, P.; Simon, K.: (2001) "Extending Kubelka – Munks Theory with Lateral Light Scattering", International Conference on Digital Printing Technologies, Florida, USA.

[4] Joaneli, M., I.; Osterman-Parac, Đ.; Golob, D.: "Textile Surface Structure Importance and Kubelka-Munk Theory Use in Colour Match Calculations", accepted paper for publishing in annual addition of Colourage.

[5] Mitra, S.: Neuro – "Fuzzy Rule Generation: Survey in Soft Computing Framework", IEEE Transactions of Neural Networks, Vol. 11, No. 3, (2000.), 748 – 768.

[6] Martinia Ira Glogar; DurdicaParac-osterman&DarkoGrundler: "Comparison of Kubelka – Munk theory and fuzzy logic in colour matching", 3rd International Textile, Clothing & Design Conference,2006.

[7] Mohammad H. Faze1 Zarandi and M. Esmaeilian, "A Systematic Fuzzy Modeling for Scheduling of Textile Manufacturing System", Fuzzy Information Processing Society, NAFIPS 2003. 22ndInternational Conference of the North American, 359-364, 2003.

[8] V.Chtra, and R.S.Prabhakar "Induction Motor Speed Control using Fuzzy Logic Controller" World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology 23 2006.

[9] Shamey, M. R.; Nobbs, J. H.: (2000) "The Use of Colorimetry in the Control of Dyeing Processes", Textile Chemists and Colourists& American Dyestuff Reporter, Vol. 32, No. 6, ISSN 0040-490X. [10] Tsoutseos, A., A., Nobbs, J. H.: (2000) "Alternative Approach to Colour Appearance of Textile Materials with Application to the Wet/Dry Reflectance Prediction", Textile Chemists and Colourists& American Dyestuff Reporter, Vol. 32, No. 6, ISSN 0040-490X, pp. 38 – 43.
[10] Kelly B. (1995); "IR Transmitter and Receiver" www.ask.com. (28th April, 2007)

Abstract: As the industry pushes for higher power levels and higher switching frequencies, power supplies which use MOSFETs for power conversion, are being designed to attain high efficiency, smaller size and eight. The subject of driving MOSFETs to their highest possible frequencies at the highest possible power level also deals with protection provided by driving circuit. Many topologies in high voltage converter and inverter plications require special techniques to drive MOSFETs. The paper deals with the subject how to drive MOSFETs with minimum attainable switching losses.

Keywords - Driver circuit, MOSFET, IC Driver, Pulse Transformer.

[1] B. Jayant Baliga, "Power Semiconductor Devices", International conference PWS Publishing Company, Boston, MA (1996)

[2] Sam Ochi, "Driving your MOSFETs wild to obtain greater efficiencies, power densities, and lower overall costs", Power Electronics Europe, May-June 2002

[3] A.K.Bhat, "Analysis and Design of L-C-L type Series Resonant Converter", IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., Vol.41 NO.1, PP 118-124,1994.

[4] Ned Mohan, Tore M. Undeland, William P.Robbins: "power electronics: converters applications and design", John Wiley & Sons, New York (1994)

[5] P.C.Sen "power electronics", PHI Publication.

[6] R. W. Erickson, "Fundamental of power electronics, first edition", Chapman and Hall, ISBN 0-412-08541-0, 1997, New York

[7] Mohammad H. Rashid, Power Electronics-circuit devices and applications, Third Edition, PEARSON, ISBN 978-81-317-0246-8, 2009,INDIA

Abstract: Silicon planar MOSFET's are approaching their scaling limits. Major challenges in MOSFET scaling are the "short channel effects" which limits the MOSFET performance. As MOSFET's shrink in dimensions, the source and drain regions move closer to each other & reducing device performance due to Drain Induced Barrier Lowering(DIBL). Hence there is need of alternative device. Among the possible new device designs are DGFET's, FinFET's, Tri-Gate FET's etc. But the III-V MOSFET stands out as one of the most promising MOSFET design due to its maximum gate effect in controlling the short channel effects. In this paper we have explored the III-V MOSFET to replace the currently planar MOSFET's. We have simulate MOSFET by using III-V compound materials like Inp and high-k dielectric material Al2O3.Next phase we find out electrical characteristics (Id-Vd) using device simulator ATLAS.

Keywords - Al2O3, InP

[1] "ENHANCEMENT-MODE INP N-CHANNEL METAL-OXIDE-SEMICONDUCTOR FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS WITH ATOMIC-LAYER-DEPOSITED AL2O3 DIELECTRICS" (2007). WU, Y Q.; XUAN, Y; SHEN, T; YE, P. D.; CHENG, Z; AND LOCHTEFELD, A, PURDUE UNIVERSITY. HTTP://DOCS.LIB.PURDUE.EDU/NANOPUB/241
[2] "COMPARATIVE STUDY ON DRIVE CURRENT OF III-V SEMICONDUCTOR, GE AND SI CHANNEL N-MOSFET BASED ON QUANTUM CORRECTED MONTE CARLO SIMULATION" BY TAKASHI MORI,SR.MEMBER,IEEE.
[3] PHYSICS OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE BY J.P.COLINGE[4] FUNDAMENTAL OF III-V SEMICONDUCTOR MOSFET BY SERGE OKTYABRSLY.