iosr-JMCE   International Conference on Recent Innovations in Civil & Mechanical Engineering [i- CAM2K16]

Abstract: The present investigation was carried out to determine the split tensile strength and also the resistance to cracking by determining the flexural strength of plain concrete and polyester fiber reinforced concrete by using "Recron 3s", a polyester fiber by Reliance. This is aimed at increasing the tensile strength and flexural strength of concrete which weak in tension and only strong in compression. This is also aimed at increasing the ductility of concrete under tensile stresses. OPC 43 Grade Cement was used in this work and all the necessary testes on cement and aggregates were conducted..........

Keywords – Compressive Strength, Flexural Strength, Mix Proportion, Split Tensile Strengths, Water Cement ratio.

[1]. (AFRREV) an International Multidisciplinary Journal ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070--0083 (Online), Volume 2 (4) September, 2008, Special Edition: Engineering.
[2]. Amit Rai, Dr. Y.P Joshi, "Applications and Properties of Fiber Reinforced Concrete", IJERA, ISSN: 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 5 (Version 1), May 2014.
[3]. Divyeshkumar D. Paradava1, Prof. Jayeshkumar Pitroda, "Utilization of Artificial Fibres in Construction Industry: A Critical Literature Review", (IJETT) – Volume 4 Issue 10 - Oct 2013.
[4]. D. Jothi, "Application of Fiber Reinforcement Concrete Technique in Civil Constructions"
[5]. DOC: TX 34 (1145), "Textiles – Synthetic Fibers for reinforcement in concrete for use in construction works - Specification", Bureau of Indian Standards, India.

Abstract: Soil is naturally occurring material that is used for the construction of pavements. Soil is a variable material and exhibits different properties in the different regions and becomes a challenge for the construction of roads sometimes. Hence detailed understanding of the nature of the soil in the site and its behavior as a subgrade material has to be properly assessed. Three types of soils are used for the present study namely, Black cotton soil, Gravelly sand and sandy soil. Their characteristics are assessed to decide its suitability as a road material. In-situ soil density measurement has been conventionally done using sand replacement and core cutter methods..............

Keyword--- Compaction, Core cutter, Correlation, Non- Nuclear soil density gauge, Sand Replacement test

[1] Yong K. Cho, Koudous Kabassi, and Chao Wang, "Non-Nuclear Methods of Evaluation for Soil Quality control and Quality assurance in Highway Pavement Construction" KICEM Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, 2012, 2-5
[2] Ashley Adams, Ruth Tobin and Manal Salem "Evaluation of Non-Nuclear Methods for Compaction Control" Center for Transportation Research University of Texas at Austin, July 2007, 34-65
[3] Selim altun, A. Alper Sezer "Non-Nuclear Density Gauge Comparative Study" Ohio Research Institute for Transportation, August 2005, 21-37.
[4] Mohammad S Islam, Stacy G. Williams "Non-Nuclear Methods for HMA Density Measurements" Department of Civil Engineering University of Arkansas June 2008, 1-5.
[5] Jeff brown, Gerald Roosevelt Maregesi "Validation of Nuclear Gauge Density-Meter Readings against Sand Replacement Method" Advanced Engineering Solutions Ltd, 50-54.

Abstract: The in-plane performances of brick masonry panels with different retrofitting patterns using glass fibre reinforced polymers (GFRP), have been studied under diagonal compression test. The panels were retrofitted on one side and both sides with diagonal and cross geometrical pattern. It was observed that the in-plane strength of the retrofitted patterns increased from 18.05% to 69.84% when compared to un- retrofitted specimens. The retrofitted specimens increased the failure load from 26.6 kN (UR) to 69.5 kN FRP retrofitting also increased the diagonal shear strength............

Keywords: Diagonal compression test, GFRP, In-plane strength, Masonry panel, Retrofitting

[1] R. P. Nanda, P Agarwal, and M Shrikhande, Frictional Base Isolation by Geotextiles for Brick Masonry Buildings,Geosynthetic International, 17 (1), 2010, 48-55.
[2] S. Khan, A. N. Khan, A. S. Elnashai, M. Ashraf, M. Javed, A. Naseer andB. Alam, Experimental seismic performance evaluation of unreinforced brick masonry buildings,Earthquake Spectra, 28 (3), 2012, 1269–1290.
[3] M. A. ElGawady,P. Lestuzzi and M. Badoux, Static cyclic response of masonry walls retrofitted with fibre-reinforced polymer,Journal of Composites for Construction, 11 (1), 2007, 50-61.
[4] A. Kalali andM. Z. Kabir, Cyclic behaviour of perforated masonry walls strengthened with glass fibre reinforced polymers,Scientia Iranica A,19 (2), 2012, 151–165.
[5] A. Smith and T. Redman,A critical review of retrofitting methods for unreinforced masonry structures,In: Proceedings of EWB-UK research conference, University of Bristol, 2009.

Abstract: Engineered Cementitious Composites abbreviated as ECC. This material is capable to exhibit considerably enhanced flexibility. An ECC has a strain capacity of more than 3 percent and thus acts more like a ductile metal rather than like a brittle glass. A bendable concrete is composed of all the ingredients of a traditional concrete minus coarse aggregates or crushed stones and is reinforced with micromechanically designed polymer fibers Bendable concrete also known as Engineered Cementitious Composites abbreviated as ECC is class of ultra-ductile fiber reinforced cementitious composites, characterized by high ductility and tight crack width control........

Keywords - Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), young's modulus, compressive strength, split tensile strength flexural strength, fly ash

[1]. Evaluation of Engineering CementitiousComposites (ECC) With Different Percentage ofFibers International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT)Vol. 4 Issue 06, June-2015
[2]. Engineered cementitious composites-a review.Chethan.v.r 1, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
[3]. Engineered Cementitious Composites for Structural Applications* Victor Li
[4]. Victor C. Li The ACE-MRL Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering University of Michigan
[5]. Neville A.M, 2005. Properties of concrete, Pearson. Prentice Hall, p 255- 262

Abstract: Quantitative and Qualitative studies on change of Coastline of Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh State, India have been carried out using toposheets from Survey of India and Satellite Imageries (IRS-P6 LISS III, LISS IV and CARTOSAT-1). Changes during 20 years period are studied at each station. Significant morphological changes along the coastline are observed in the study. The study indicates that gradual erosion is observed at Museum North and South, R K Beach, Rushikonda and Mangamaripeta

Keywords: Coastal Erosion, GIS and Remote Sensing

[1] M.M. Aidy, M.F. Giles and P.M. Atkinson, "Shoreline Mapping from Coarse – Spatial Resolution Remote Sensing Imagery of Seberang Takir, Malaysia," Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 23 No. 6, 2007, pp. 1399-1408.
[2] G.M. Tirodkar, K.C. Pathnak and S. Vaz, "Coastal changes along the coast of Tadri River, Karnataka West Coast of India and its implication." Indian National Conference on Harbour and Ocean Engineering (INCHOE2014), 5-7 Feb, 2014, pp. 323-327.
[3] Muthukumaraswamy.R, Mukesh.M.V, Tamilselvi.MI, Singarasubramanian.S.R, Chandrashekaran.A, Sabeen.H.M, "Shoreline Changes Using Remote Sensing And GIS Environment: A Case Study of Valinokkam to Thoothukudi Area, Tamilnadu, India.", International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE), ISSN:22708-3075, Vol.-2, Issue-6, May-2013.
[4] V. Noujas, K.O.Badarees, K.V. Thomas,"Shoreline Management plan for Muthalapozhi Harbour and adjoining coast.", INCHOE2014, 5-7 Feb, 2014, pp. 183-188

Abstract: The researches has shown that every one ton of cement manufacture releases half ton of carbon dioxide, so there is an immediate need to control the usage of cement. On the hand materials wastes such as Sugar Cane Bagasse Ash is difficult to dispose which in return is environmental Hazard. The Bagasse ash imparts high early strength to concrete and also reduce the permeability of concrete. The Silica present in the Bagasse ash reacts with components of cement during hydration and imparts additional properties such as chloride resistance, corrosion resistance etc. Therefore the use of Bagasse ash in concrete not only reduces the environmental pollution but also enhances...........

[1] Mrs.U.R.Kawade, Mr.V.R.Rathi, Miss Vaishali D Girge "Effect of use of Bagasse Ash on Strength of Concrete" International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology Vol. 2, Issue 7, July 2013.
[2] R.Srinivasan, K.Sathiya "Experimental Study on Bagasse Ash in Concrete" International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 2, Fall 2010.
[3] Lavanya M.R, Sugumaran.B, Pradeep.T "An Experimental study on the compressive strength of concrete by partial replacement of cement with sugarcane bagasse ash" International Journal of Engineering Inventions,Volume 1, Issue 11 (December2012).
[4] Biruk Hailu And Abebe Dinku "Application Of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash As A Partial Cement Replacement Material".
[5] Kanchan Lata Singh, S.M.Ali Jawaid "A Review Onutilization Of Sugarcane Bagasse Ash (Scba) As Pozzolanic Material In Concrete" Ijbstr Reviewpaper, Vol 1 [Issue 8] August 2013

Abstract: Light weight concrete has become more popular in recent days owing to the tremendous advantages it offers over the conventional concrete but at the same time strong enough to be used for the structural purpose. Lightweight concrete has been successfully used since the ancient Roman times and it has gained its popularity due to its lower density and superior thermal insulation properties. Compared with normal weight concrete, Lightweight concrete can significantly reduce the dead load of structural elements. The most important characteristic of light weight concrete is its low thermal conductivity. This property improves with decreasing density. In the present experimental investigation, cinder, which is an industrial waste from steel manufacturing units, is used as a replacement..............

Keywords - strain energy, moment carrying, modulus of elasticity

[1] Takafumi Noguchi, Fuminori Tomosawa, Kamran M. Nemati, Bernardino M. Chiaia and Alessandro (2009) A practical Equation for Elastic Modulus of concrete. ACI Structural journal/Sep-Oct 2009, technical paper title no.106-S64.
[2] Chi JM, Huang R, Yang CC, Chang JJ (2003). Effect of aggregate properties on the strength and stiffness of lightweight concrete, Cement Concrete Compos., 25: 197-205.
[3] Campione, G., Mindess, S. and Zingone, G., 'Compressive stress-strain behavior of normal and high-strength carbon-fibre concrete reinforced with steel spirals', A CI Materials Journal 96 (1) (1999) 27-34.
[4] J. Alduaij, K. Alshaleh, M.N. Haque, K. Ellaithy, Lightweight concrete in hot coastal areas, Cem. Concr. Compos. 21 (5– 6) (1999) 453–458.
[5] R. Wasserman, A. Bentur, Effect of lightweight fly ash aggregate microstructure on the strength of concretes, Cement and Concrete Research 27 (1997) 525–537.

Abstract: In the present experimental project, self-compacting concrete of M40 is tried using triple blended technique with condensed silica fume (CSF),as a partial replacement by weight of cement at percentage of 10% and fly ash at 20%. Steel fibres having aspect ratio of 10, 15, 20 and 25 are also used. The various proportions of steel fibres are added at 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% as percentages of the volume of concrete.The optimum replacement of cement by fly ash and condensed silica fume from which the result benefits strength and workability are studied. The specimens are tested for impact and RCPT.Based on the experimental results obtained in the present project work, conclusions are drawn on the improvement of strength properties of SCC by triple blending and employing fibres....
Keywords: Triple blending, steel fibres, impact, permeability, and optimum strength

[1] ACI 544, IR-96, State-of-the-art report on fibre reinforced concrete, Farmington Hills, Michigan: American concrete institute, 1996.
[2] IS 10262: 2009 – Concrete mix proportioning – guidelines bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
[3] Bentur, A. and Mindess, S. Fibre reinforced cementitious composites, London: Elsevier, 1990.
[4] Bui, Van K. And Attiogbe, Emmanuel. Degussa Admixtures, Inc., Seminar at UM on October 27, 2005.
[5] Brein Pamlson, Sanitary General, EFNARC. Specifications and Guidelines for Self-Consolidating Concrete", February 2002.

Abstract: The use of pozzolans such as Micro silica (MS), Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), Fly ash, Metakaolin, Rice husk ash etc. in cement concrete, individually as a mineral admixture (MA) has been studied widely. Information available is less, when both MS and GGBS together are present in blended concretes. Therefore the present study is directed towards developing a better understanding on the combined performance of MS and GGBS on the strength properties of Ternary concrete over an Ordinary concrete. An extensive experimentation was carried out to arrive at optimum level of MS and GGBS. Three controlled concrete mixtures and twelve ternary concrete mixtures...........

Keywords: Compressive strength, CRL, CRM, GGBS, Micro Silica, Ordinary Portland cement and Ternary concrete,

[1] Malhotra, V.M. (2004), "Role of supplementary Cementing materials and super plasticizers in Reducing".
[2] BIS (2000), IS: 456-2000.Indian Standard for plain and reinforced concrete-Code of Practice, BIS, New Delhi.
[3] Mullick, A.K, Performance of Concrete with Binary and ternary cement blends. Indian Concrete Journal 81(1), 15-22.
[4] A.Oner, S.Akyuz "An experimental study on optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive.
[5] Muhammad Rizwan Akram, "Effect of micro silica and ggbs on compressive strength and permeability of impervious concrete as a cement replacement "European academic research vol. iii,issue 7/October2015 impact factor:3.4546 (uif)drji value:5.9 (b+).s

Abstract: In the seismic design of structures, asymmetrical buildings often sustain more extensive damages as compared to symmetric buildings. Seismic response of an asymmetric building subjected to ground motion tends to be significantly stronger due to torsional effects. These effects arise from the non-uniform distribution of mass, stiffness and strength. Performance of an asymmetric building can be quantified by responses such as rotation of the floor, base torsion, ductility demands etc. The lateral-torsional coupling due to eccentricity between center of mass (CM) and center of rigidity (CR) in asymmetric building structures generates torsional........

Keywords: Asymmetrical Buidlings, Base Torsion, Ductility Ratio, Nonlinear Time History Analysis.

[1] A.W. Sadek and W.K. Tso, (Strength eccentricity concept for inelastic analysis of asymmetric structures).
[2] Sachin G.Maske and Dr. P.S. Pajgade 2013, (Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetrical Buildings).
[3] Mr. Sandesh N. Suryawanshi, Prof. S. B. Kadam, Dr. S. N. Tande 2014, (Torsional Behaviour of Asymmetrical Buildings in Plan under Seismic Forces).
[4] Amin Alavi and Prof. P.SrinivasaRao 2013, (Influence of Torsional Irregularities of RC Buildings in High Seismic Zone).
[5] Prof. Wakchaure M. R, Nagare Y .U 2013, (Effects of Torsion Consideration in Analysis of Multi Storey Frame).

Abstract: Light weight aggregate concrete mixes can be used for high raised civil engineering structures, heavy constructions like bridges, dams etc. Architectural features and other cost effective projects is to be defined on certain aspects like proportions of Light weight aggregate. Water cement ratio, curing periods ,Mixing procedures, compaction methods, shuttering and de shuttering etc.Pumice stone is originally of volcanic origin with bulk density in the region of 400 to 800 kg per cubic meter and with moderately strong structure make a satisfactory concrete with a density of 550 to 1200 kg per cubic meter..............
Keywords: Pumice aggregate, Volcanic, Natural

[1]. Weigler, H. and Karl, S. Stahlleichtbeton. Bauverlag GMBH, Wiesbaden and Berlin, pp. 38-43, 1972.
[2]. Terminology and Definition of Lightweight Concrete, Recommendation LC1, 1st ed., RILEM, Brussels, 1975.
[3]. T. Ashworth, E. Ashworth, Insulation Materials: Testing and Applications,Euro code No. 2 Part 1 – 4: The Use of Lightweight Aggregate Concretewith Closed Structure, Draft, June 1992, EEC.

Abstract: In the field of Construction expansive soils pose a great problem especially for foundations, & using the locally available in situ soils is a big issue since they are not suitable for Construction. The most problematic soil in the field of Construction is the Black Cotton soil especially in foundations, since Black Cotton soil has a tendency to shrink and swell excessively. When it comes in contact with water, it swells and when it becomes dry it shrinks. The alternateprocess of swelling and shrinking results in differential settlement which results in Cracks in the building.Hence the entire in – situ soil is to be replaced which is a very complicated process.......

Keywords: Black Cotton soil, Load bearing Capacity, Maximum dry density, Modified proctor test,Optimum Moisture Content, RBI Grade 81, Soil stabilization

[1] J. Sudheer Kumar, Upma Janewoo, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology (An ISO 3297: 2007 Certified Organization) Vol. 4, Issue 5, May 2015

[2] Avinash, N., Vinay, H., Prasad, D., Dinesh, S., and Dattatreya, J. (2014) Performance Evaluation of Low Volume Flexible Pavements - A Case Study. T&DI Congress 2014: pp. 69-78.doi: 10.1061/9780784413586.007

[3] B.M.Patil, K.A.Patil, "Improvement in properties of Sub grade Soil by Using Moorum and RBI Grade 81", International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, ISSN 2229-5518, Vol- 4, Issue- 5, May 2013.

[4] K.V. Madurwar, P.P. Dahale, A.N.Burile, "Comparative Study of Black Cotton Soil Stabilization with RBI Grade 81 and Sodium Silicate", International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, ISSN: 2319-8753, Vol. -2, Issue 2, February 2013.

[5] Tejinder Singh, NavjotRiar, "Strengthening Of Sub grade By Using RBI Grade-81", IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSRJMCE) eISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN:

Abstract: The concern many people have about trying to protect the environment and live in a more eco-friendly manner, there is a growing movement to build houses that are more efficient and better suited to their environment. In part, this means making them more energy efficient, less polluting, and less costly. It can also mean trying to use local materials wherever possible to reduce shipping and to make the house blend better into its surroundings. This is the approach taken by those building super adobe houses, also known as earth bag houses. Super adobe houses are houses that are constructed using earth filled bags that are layered to produce the exterior (and something of the interior) walls...........

Keywords - Adobe, Earth construction, Housing sustainability, appropriate technologies

[1] California Institute of Earth Art and Architecture (Cal-Earth) in the year 1971.
[2] Allen, Edward. Stone Shelters. MIT Press, 1981.
[3] Bee, Becky. The Cob Builder's Handbook. Groundwork's, 1997.
[4] Boily, Lise and Jean-Francis Blanchette. The Bread Ovens of Quebec. National Museums of Canada, 1979.
[5] Bourgeois, Jean-Louis and Carol Lee Pelos. Spectacular Vernacular. Aperture Foundation, 1996.

Abstract: Selection of suitable building material for construction of civil structures, irrespective of size, is of utmost importance because the strength and longevity of structure depends on physical and chemical properties of earthy material such as porosity, permeability, structure, texture, grain size, hardness, colour, mineralogy and whole rock chemical composition. In general, igneous rocks serve as the best earthy construction materials because of their physical and chemical properties. Since the igneous rocks are primary rocks which are formed by solidification of magma over varying temperature and pressure conditions, they show variation in colour, texture, mineralogy and hardness............

Keywords - Gabbro, Igneous rock, Magma, Earth's Crust, Province, Building Material, Boggulakonda, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.

[1] Leelanandam, C., An alkaline province in Andhra Pradesh. Curr. Sci., 1981, v. 49, pp. 550-551.

[2] Leelanandam, C., Some observations on the alkaline province of Andhra aPradesh. Curr. Sci., v. 50, pp. 799-802.

[3] Vijaya Kumar, K. and Ratnakar, J., Petrogenesis of the Ravipadu gabbro pluton, Prakasam province, Andhra Pradesh. Jour. Geol. Soc. India, 2001, pp. 113-140.

[4] Vijaya Kumar, K., Frost, C. D., Frost, B. R. and Chamberlin, K. R., The Chimakurti, Errakonda and Uppalapadu plutons, Eastern Ghats belt, India: An unusual association of tholeiitic and alkaline magmatism. Lithos, 2007, v. 97, pp. 30-57.

[5] Ratnakar, J. and Lelanandam, C., The Purimetla gabbros. Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Proc. Indian Acad. Sci. (EPSL), 1985, v. 94, pp. 305-313.

Abstract: Concrete is an intrinsically brittle material prone to damage through the impact of heavy objects and loads. There are several situations in which concrete structural elements are subjected to impact loading particularly industrial floors, Runways, exposed edges and rises. In this investigation, an attempt is made to study the impact resistance of Ternary blended concrete (TBC) subjected to drop weight test in accordance with the procedure suggested by ACI committee 544.2R-89. Ternary concretes were obtained by adding MS (5%, 10% and 15%) and GGBS (20% 30% 40% and 50%) to the Ordinary Portland cement. And also the study was extended to assess the impact resistance of Steel Fiber Reinforced Ternary Blended Concrete (SFRTBC).........

Keywords - Crimped steel fiber, GGBS, Impact strength, Micro silica, Steel fiber reinforced ternary Concrete, Ternary concrete.

[1] K.Ramesh,Dr.K.Arunachalam, S.Rooban Chakravarthy, Experimental Investigation on Impact Resistance of Flyash Concrete and Fly ash Fiber Reinforced Concrete
[2] Murali, G., Santhi., A., S., Mohan., Ganesh G.,"Impact Resistance And Strength Reliability of FiberReinforced Concrete Using Two Parameter Weibull Distribution". ARPN J., vol.9, No.-4, April 2014, ISSN 1819- 6608
[3] A.Alavi Nia, M. Hedayatian, M . Nili andV. Afrough Sabet, An Experimental and numerical study on how steel and polypropylene fibers affect the impact resistance in fiber-reinforced concrete, International Journal of Impact Engineering, 46, 2012, 62 -73.
[4] Tara Rahmani, Behnam Kiani, MohammadShekarchi and Abdollah Safari,Statistical and experimental analysis on the behavior of fiber reinforced concrete subjected to drop weight test, Construction and BuildingMaterials, 37, 2012, 360–369.
[5] P.S. Song, J.C. Wu, S. Hwang and B.C.Sheu, Statistical analysis of impact strength and strength reliability of steel–polypropylene hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete, Construction and Building Materials, 19, 2005, 1–9.

Abstract: In the case of high performance concrete with strengths above M50, additions of small percentages of fibres contribute towards higher strengths especially in tension and flexure. Mineral admixtures used as part replacement to cement yield better workability and strength of concrete. In the present experimental investigation, mineral admixtures like condensed silica fume and Metakaoline are used as part replacement of ordinary Portland cement in M60 Concrete. Steel fibres of constant aspect ratio were used at different percentages varying from 0.0 to 1.5 in four steps. In total 20 cominations of admixtured fibrous concrete were prepared and tested for compressive, tensile and flexural strengths.The results have shown that optimum properties for high performance concrete (HPC) can be developed by employing suitable mineral admixtures with fibre reinforcement.

Keywords - HPC, DOE method, Mineral admixtures, fibre percentage fineness, optimum strength.

[1]. Aquino, W., Lange, D.A. and Olek, J. (2001),The influence of metakaoline and silica fume on the chemistry of alkali-silica reaction products, Cement and Concrete Composites, 23(6): 485-493.
[2]. Asbridge, A.H., Chadbourn, G.A and Page, C.L. (2001), Effects of metakaoline and the infterfacial transition zone on the diffusion of chloride ions through cement mortars, Cement and Concrete Research, 31(11): 1567-1572.
[3]. Bai, J. and Wild, S. (2002), Investigation of the temperature change and heat evolution of mortar incorporating PFA and metakaoline, Cement and Concrete Composites, 24(2): 201-209.
[4]. Bai, J., Wild, S., Sabir, B.B. and Kinuthia, J.M. (1999), Workability of concrete incorporating pulverized fuel ash metakaoline, Magazine of Concrete Research, 51(3): 207-216.
[5]. Batis, G., Pantazopoulou, P., Tsivilis, S. and Badogiannis, E. (2004), The effect of metakaoline on the corrosion behavior of cement mortars, Cement and Concrete Composites, in press