IOSR-JAVS   Volume-10 ~ Issue-4 ~ APRIL-2017

ABSTRACT: The current research is to specify systematic description of obstacles of planning in training program domain of agricultural farmer planning at the level of extension and agricultural training office and at the field of Iraq, and to measure level of importance of obstacles planning axes process of farmer agricultural training program in preparation, organization, planning, implementation and evaluation. The research also referred to suggestions of processors and suitable development solutions for the farmer training programs at the level of field in order to preserve and maintain sustainability of agricultural productivity of resources...........

Keywords: Obstacles, planning training. Farmer courses.

[1] Al-khazragi, Raad.M.I. 2015. Planning for training course to diffused date palms produced by tissue culture technique. Iraqi J.Agric.Res.Vol.20 No.1 pp.179-191.
[2] Abd.Alwahip,M.1981.Training and development .general instate for management. Al-riyath.pp23-38 .
[3] Ali,A and Saad,A.1974.training needs . theAOMS,journal. Atlas for public-Egypt.p.9.
[4] Ismail,R.M.2013. thestste of extension planning process in Baghdad agricultural directorate . The Iraqi .J.Sci:44(6):719-728.
[5] Tim,W.1993.planning for effective training .FAO.Rome.p.62.

ABSTRACT: Plant germination is a process required for plant survival, which responds to different environmental signals. This investigation was designed to develop a methodology to improve the germination process of two different plants, maize fast germination seeds and acacia slow-germinating seeds with dormancy, by the application of direct electrical current. Discharge treatments of seeds submerged in a phosphate-buffer solution 1X (PBS 1X), pH: 7.0, varied in terms of intervals between discharges and exposure voltages. Heating the Acacia mangium seeds in boiling water before the application of discharges, highly increased germination capacity (GC) in all the treatments.........

Keywords: Growth, electrical discharges, dormancy, maize seeds, acacia seeds.

[1]. Bewley, J.D.; Black, M. 1994. Seeds: Physiology of Development and Germination, 2nd edn. New York, USA: Plenum Press.
[2]. Edwards, D.G.W.; El-Kassaby, Y.A. 1996. The effect of stratification and artificial light on the germination of mountain hemlock seeds. Seed Science and Technology 24: 225-235.
[3]. Gandhare, W.Z.; Patwardhan, M.S. 2014. A New Approach of Electric Field Adoption for Germination Improvement. Journal of Power and Energy Engineering 2: 13-18.
[4]. Guan, Y.; Hu, J.; Wang, X.; Shao Chen, X. 2009. Seed priming with chitosan improves maize germination and seedling growth in relation to physiological changes under low temperature stress. J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 10: 427-433.
[5]. Harris, D.; Joshi, A.; Khan, P.A.; Gothkar, P.; Sodhi, P.S. 1999. On-farm seed priming in semi-arid agriculture: development and evaluation in maize, rice and chickpea in India using participatory methods. Experimental Agriculture 35: 15-29.

ABSTRACT: Experimental trials were conducted to evaluate the fecundity and egg size of Clariasgariepinus brooders (700 - 990g) in Pandam Lake, Plateau State, Nigeria. Thirty female fish were caught using gill nets and long-line gears. In addition, fishermen's catch was also sampled to increase sample size and fish size. Fish were dissected and their ova sac removed, weighed and preserved in 5% formalin to prevent quick egg-freezing action before counting. An ocular micrometer (Mg=0.019 mm) was used to obtain the egg size. Regression analysis was applied to assess the total length and body weight, total length and fecundity, body weight and fecundity dependence of the brooders.........

Keywords: Brooders, Fecundity, Egg size, Gonado Somatic Index, and Pandam Lake.

[1]. Abayomi, O.S. and G.A.O. Arawomo, (1996).Sex-ratio and fecundity of catfish (Clariasgariepinus) in Opa reservoir, Obafemi Awolowo University, IIe-Ife. In: 13th Annual Conference of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON). Transactions of the Fisheries Society of Nigeria, 1, 122-130
[2]. Admassu, D., Abera, L., and Z. Tadesse, (2015). Fecundity and breeding season of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell), in Lake Babogaya, Ethiopia. Global Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 3 (8), 295 – 303.
[3]. Aguigwo, J. N., (1999). Studies on the biology of larvae of Clariasalbo punctatus: Effect on different diets on the growth and survival of larvae. Journal of Aquatic Sciences, 14, 29-32.
[4]. Alikunhi, K. H., (1966). Synopsis of biological data on common carp, Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus, 1758 (Asia and the Far East).FAO Fish Synopsium.(31.1), p83.
[5]. Barber, B.J. & N.J. Blake, (2006). Reproductive Physiology. In: S.E. Shumway and G.J. Parsons, editors. Scallops: biology, ecology, and aquaculture, 2nd edition. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: Elsevier. pp 357-416.

ABSTRACT: This study has assessed the welfare shocks and household food Insecurity in Ephraim Mogale and Greater Tubatse municipality of Sekhukhune district, Limpopo Province in South Africa. The study identified shocks affecting livelihood at household level and also determined the food insecurity status of households. Structured questionnaire was administered for data collection. Two hundred households were involved in the study with 100 households selected from each municipality. All response from the questionnaires was tabulated and processed with the use of statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) programme. Three analytical tools were used to achieve the objectives of the study such as, Descriptive statistics.........

Keywords: Household Food insecurity, welfare shocks, linear regression, Sekhukhune, Limpopo Province.

[1]. Altman, M., T. Hart, and P. Jacobs, 2009. Food insecurity in South Africa, unpublished report, center for poverty employment and growth, Pretoria, Human Science Research Council.
[2]. Department of Agriculture Forestry and Fisheries. The integrated Food Security Strategy for South Africa 2002, [online] Accessed from www.daff.gov.za [Accessed: 2010-09-05]
[3]. Labadarios, D., Y.D. Davids, Z. Mchiza, and Weir-smith. 2009. The Assessment of food insecurity in South Africa, unpublished paper, center for poverty, employment and growth, Human Science Research Council.
[4]. Jacobs, F.T., 2009. The status of household food security targets in South Africa. Agrekon, 48(4), 410-433.
[5]. Human Science Research Council (HSRC), 2007. Achieving food security in South Africa: characteristics, stressors and recommendations to 2019. Report to the office of the presidency (June 2007). Pretoria: human Science Research Council.

ABSTRACT: This research was conducted in biotechnology laboratories of grain test and validation office – Ministry of Agriculture, 2016. Nine cucumber genotypes, represented pure local and imported classes, were cultivated to evaluate genetic diversity and determine genetic affinity among them by using 13 starters kind Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ( ISSR), 10 of them showed an activity to give a polymorphism among the studied genotypes which give 94 alleles, the ratio of this polymorphism was 68%. The starter UBC862 gave higher bands of 15, while the starter A35 gave lower bands of 6. The study showed that genetic similarity of the genetic affinity ranged between 0.506 – 0769 in which the higher genetic affinity (0.769) was for V5 and V2 varieties followed by (0.743) for V6 and V3 varieties, while the lower genetic affinity (0.506) was for V8 and V9 varieties.

Keywords: Cucumber, polymorphism, ISSR, allele.

[1]. Alfalahi, A. O. 2011. Phenotyping and Molecular Variations of Maize CMS Population and Subpopulations. Ph.D. Thesis, Dept. of Field Crop, Coll. of Agric., Univ. of Baghdad. pp. 98.
[2]. Bradeen, J.M., J.E. Staub, C. Wyse, R. Antonise, and J.Peleman,. 2001. Towards an expanded and Integrated linkage map of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). Genome .44: 111-119.
[3]. Eleuch, L., A. Jalil, S. Grando, S. Ceccarelli, M.K. Schmising, H. Tsujimoto, A. Hajer, A. Daaloul. and M. Baum. 2008. Genetic diversity and association analysis for salinity tolerance, heading date and plant height of barley germoplasm using simple sequence repeat markers. J. Integ. Plant Biolo. 50(8):1005-1015.
[4]. Fan, Z., M .Robbins, and J. Staub,. 2006. Population development by phenotypic selection with subsequent marker-assisted selection for line extraction in cucumber ( Cucumis sativus L.). Theor Appl Genet 112: 843–855.
[5]. Fazio, G, S.M. Chung and J.E. Staub, 2003b, Comparative analysis of response to phenotypic and marker-assisted selection for multiple lateral branching in cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.). Theor. Appl. Genet. 107: 875-883.

ABSTRACT: The effects of three kinds of organic fertilizers were examined on the growth performance of Corchorusolitorius L. The experiment was laid in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments. The varied concentrations of the treatments used were 1. 6 t ha-1, 3. 2 t ha-1, 4.8 t ha-1 and 7.2 t ha-1. The study revealed that 7.2 t ha-1 of poultry manure produced the highest growth at 8 weeks after transplanting (8WAT). Goat manure at 7.2 t ha-1 had the highest number of leaves while poultry manure has the least number of leaves. Poultry manure at 7.2 t ha-1 produced the highest number of branches. This was similar to those of goat and cowdung manure treated pots...............

Keywords: Organic, poultry manure, cowdung, goat manure, Corchorusolitorius

[1]. Adediran, O.A., Ibrahim, H., Tolorunse, K.D. and Gana, U.I. (2015). Growth, Yield and Quality of Jute Mallow (Corchorusolitorius L.) as affected by different Nutrient Sources. International Journal of Agriculture Innovations and Research.3(5): 2319-1473.
[2]. Adejuyigbe, C.O., Adesodun, J.K., Harris, P., Aiyelaagbe, I.O.O. (2012). Potential of on farm produced compost and organic amendments in soil fertility management of organic maize production in South Western Nigeria. Archives of Agronomy and Soil
[3]. Science. 58(1): 170-174.
[4]. Ademiluyi, B.O. and Fabiyi, E.S. (2015). Response of Hybrid Maize (Zea mays) to organic and inorganic fertilizers in soils of South –West and North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Plant and Soil Science. 7(2): 121-127.
[5]. Adenaeoola, A.R. and Adejoro, S.A. (2005). Residual effects of poultry manure and NPK Fertilizer residues on soil nutrient and performance of Jute (CorchorusolitoriusL.). Nigerian Journal of Soil Science. 15: 133-135.

ABSTRACT: There is no doubt thateconomic efficiency achieve when all the inputs factors use in an efficient way. The aim of this paper is determined the demand for Labor and the impact of the relationship between the Labor and Capital in the Iraqi agricultural sector during the period 1990-2014 rely on the dual approach by using the profit and cost models. To estimate the profit function it used the Cobb-Douglas model, and the results showed that the Labor demand elasticity for the worker's wage is -0.87, and that means when the wages are rise about 10% the demand of Labor will reduce about 1.78%.The cross-sectional elasticity between labor and capital is about 4.6, and that means for any increase in the capital such...............

Keywords: Cobb – Douglas Profit Function . Wages. Elasticity

[1]. Ali, E. H. 2014. Measuring of Economic efficiency and determining the economic size of farms in diyala province. ph. D. Dissertati-on. Dept of Agr. Eco.Coll. of Agr. Baghdad University.in Arabic pp. 220
[2]. Berndt, E. and D. Wood .1975.Technology Price and the derived demand for energy . Rev.Eco.and.Stat.V.57,N.3 P:2259-2268.
[3]. Brownson, A., P. Lnimfon and U. Samuel. 2012. Stochastic profit efficiency of Homestead based cassava farmers southern Nigeria. Jo. ofAgr. And Rural Development .2(3).pp:498-505 .
[4]. Chand, R. and J. Kaul. 1986. A Note on the use Cobb – Douglas profit function . Am. J. Agr.Econ.V.68 ,N.1,P:162-164.
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ABSTRACT: The Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus is a complex autoimmune diseases of great importance in veterinary dermatology, because it presents inflammatory processes important generated by the deposition of immune complexes in the tissues, as well as the possibility of progressing to the systemic form of the disease. The objective of this study was to review the literature of the variants of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus found in dogs and describe the clinical case of a dog of the breed Samoyed with Lupus Erythematosus Discoid. The animal had typical lesions on the face and had its definite diagnosis through clinical evaluation and histopathological examination of the lesion. The treatment protocol included the use of immunosuppressants such as cyclosporine and topical corticosteroids, obtaining great success and remission is almost full of injuries.

Keywords: Discoid Lupus Erythematosus, cyclosporine, autoimmune dermatopathy, dog.

[1]. W.H. Miller, C.E Griffin, K.L. Campbell, Muller and Kirk's Small Animal Dermatology, 7 (St Louis: Elsevier Health Sciences,
2013).
[2]. A.P. Costa-Val, Doenças cutâneas auto-imunes e imunomediadas de maior ocorrência em cães e gatos: revisão de literatura. Clínica
Veterinária, XI(60), 2006, 68-74.
[3]. H. K. Rhodes, Dermatoses Imunomediadas, in S. J. Bichard, R. G.Sherding, Manual saunders de clínica de pequenos animais, 3
(São Paulo: Roca Ltda, 2008) 501-508.
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with oral hydroxychloroquine. Veterinary Dermatology, 23(1), 2011, 65-e16.

ABSTRACT: A total of 100 positive faecal samples were examined using floatation technique to detect strongylide eggs, were confirmed by PCR technique, faecal samples were storage by frozen in -20°C and DNA extraction by using phenol/chloroform/isoamylalcohol protocol. PCR leading to amplify the region of the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS-2) of nuclear ribosomal DNA (r DNA) of strongylide species, amplification by three different primers in separate reactions, in each reaction used species specific primer forward and a universal reverse primer to srongylide species NC2.............

Keywords: Strongylide, PCR, ITS-2, NC2, goats, Sudan.

[1]. Abbaszadegan.RM, Velayati.A. and Tavasoli.A (2007). Rapid DNA Extraction Protocol from Stool, Suitable for Molecular Genetic Diagnosis of Colon Cancer. Iranian Biomedical Journal 11, 3: 203-208.
[2]. Amarante, AFT and Amarante, MRV (2016). Advances in the diagnosis of the gastrointestinal nematodes infections in ruminants. Braz. J. Vet. Res. Anim. Sci. Saopaulo, 53 (2):127-137.
[3]. Anwar S, Lateef M, Maqbool A, Anjum.AA.Rashid.IM, Akber H. and Wasim H (2014). Specificity of different diagnostic technique for ovine Haemonchosis through coprological examination. Sci .Int (Lahore), 26, 1: 249-251.
[4]. Bott.N J, Campbell.E B, Beveridge I, Chilton N B, Ress D, Hunt. PW.and Gasser. RB (2009). A combined microscopic-molecular method for the diagnosis of strongylid infections in sheep: International Journal for Parasitology 39: 1277–1287
[5]. Bowman DD. (2009) Georgis parasitology for veterinarians10th edition, sanders, St. Louis, Missouri. 63043 pp 499.

ABSTRACT: Human diet and nutritional status have undergone a sequence of major shifts, stated as nutrition transition. Studies showed that urbanization has been carrying a rise in demand for meat products. In India, cultural and seasonal differences are also accountable for variation in meat consumption. A study was performed to understand the seasonal influences among the rural, semi-urban and urban meat eating consumer behavior with sample size of 90 meat eating respondents and 30 non-meat eating respondents. The results should that majority of the respondents preferred to eat meat during festivals and holidays than other seasons.

[1]. Anonymous, 2009. The State of Food and Agriculture. FAO of the United Nations, Rome pp. 9-31.
[2]. Bahl, S., 2012. Consumer behaviour towards food retailing system. Arth Prabhand: A Journal of economics and Management, 1(4): 39-53.
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[4]. Gandhi, V.P and Z.Y. Zhou, 2010. Rising demand for livestock products in India: Nature, Patterns and Implication. Australasian Agribusiness Review, 18: 103-135.
[5]. Reddy, M.S and D.T. Raju, 2010. Meat consumption pattern in Hyderabad city. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 44(4): 248-253.
[6]. Tepper , R., 2012. World'S meat consumption: Luxembourg eats the most per person, India the least. The Huffington Post.

ABSTRACT: Cadmium(Cd) has been proven to affect plant growth and development. Experiment was therefore, conducted to examine the influence of Cd on aromatic rice cultivars at tillering stage. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design comprising three different aromatic rice cultivars (Meixiangzhan 2, Xiangyaxiangzhan and Guixiangzhan) and three Cd levels (0, 50 and 100 mg/kg-1 soil). Antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase(POD), and Catalase(CAT)), osmolyte accumulation (proline, protein, total sugar, amino acid), lipid peroxidation (in terms of melanodialdehyde(MDA)) and growth parameters (plant height, and total dry matter content) and Cd uptake in rice cultivars exposed to different Cd levels were examined..............

Keywords: Cadmium effects, Rice, Uptake, Antioxidants Enzymes, Osmulyte accumulation

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reductase show higher tolerance to low temperature and Cadmium stress. Plant Sci. (2004); 166:1329–33.
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cadmium tolerance in Oryzasativa L. Protoplasma (2015) 252:1375–1386
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of woody habitat soils around a former lead smelter inthe North of France. Science of the Total Environment (2009) 407(21): 5564
‐ 5577

ABSTRACT: An attempt had been made to develop a comparative relationship between the length and the weight of Glossogobius giuris and also the Relative condition factor (Kn) collected from the river Singla which is the inlet of one of the biggest wetland, Sone Beel in the Karimganj district of Assam. During the study period the value of exponent 'n' in the equation W = cLn was found to be 1.47 for the species. The computed 't' value indicated that the 'n' value of the species is significantly different from the expected value '3' and hence the Cube Law W = cLn did not hold good in the case of Glossogobius giuris in the river..............

Keywords: Length-Weight relationship, Condition Factor, Glossogobius giuris, correlation co-efficient, River Singla, Karimganj, Assam.

[1]. Das, B. K., Dutta, B., Ng. Romen Singh and Kar, D. Length-Weight Relationship of Labeo calbasu (Hamilton-Buchanan) from Sone Beel the biggest Wetland of Assam, India. Paripex- Indian Journal of Research. Vol. 2, Issue: 10, pp 11-13.
[2]. Das, S., Das, T., Das, B. K. and Kar, D. (2015). Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor in Channa punctata of River Manu in Tripura. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies (IJFAS). 2 (3): 56-57.
[3]. Das, S.; Das, B.K.; and Kar, D. (2015). Length-Weight Relationship and Relative Condition Factor in Xenentodon cancila of River Mat in Mizoram. International Journal of Biology and Biological Sciences.
[4]. Das, S.; Das,T.; Das, B.K.and Kar, D.(2014). Length-Weight Relationship and Condition Factor in Barilius sacra of River Torsa in West Bengal. International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews 3(3): pp 65-69.
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ABSTRACT: There is considerable disagreement on the natural soil requirement for sufficient growth and development of Senna obtusifolia. Therefore, green house grown trials of Senna obtusifolia seedlings in five different soils were investigated. Viable seeds of the Senna obtusifolia were sown in clay, clay sand, loam, loam sand and sandy soils and the germinated seedlings were monitored for a period of eighteen days in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. Several growth parameters were taken during the experimental period..............

Keywords: Green house, root, Sudan savannah, senna obtusifolia, soil texture, vegetative.

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