IOSR-JAVS VOLUME-18 ~ ISSUE-5 ~ May 2025

ABSTRACT: Background: Dysbiosis in the gastrointestinal tract of ruminants can lead to significant health issues, including reduced microbial diversity and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria. Escherichia coli is a common commensal bacterium in ruminants, with some pathogenic strains causing serious health problems, including diarrhea and systemic infections. The ability of E. coli to form biofilms complicates infection management, as biofilms provide resistance to antibiotics and hinder the immune response......

Keywords: Biofilm, E. coli, Dysbiosis, Congo Red Agar, Calves

[1]. Zhao C, Bao L, Qiu M, Wu K, Zhao Y, Feng L, Xiang K, Zhang N, Hu X, Fu Y. Commensal Cow Roseburia Reduces Gut-Dysbiosis-Induced Mastitis Through Inhibiting Bacterial Translocation By Producing Butyrate In Mice. Cell Rep. 2022 Nov 22;41(8):111681. Doi: 10.1016/J.Celrep.2022.111681.
[2]. Stein RA, Katz DE. Escherichia Coli, Cattle And The Propagation Of Disease. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2017 Mar 1;364(6):Fnx050. Doi: 10.1093/Femsle/Fnx050.
[3]. Khalil A, Batool A, Arif S. Healthy Cattle Microbiome And Dysbiosis In Diseased Phenotypes. Ruminants. 2022;2(1):134-156. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Ruminants2010009.
[4]. Welch CB, Ryman VE, Pringle TD, Lourenco JM. Utilizing The Gastrointestinal Microbiota To Modulate Cattle Health Through The Microbiome-Gut-Organ Axes. Microorganisms. 2022 Jul 10;10(7):1391. Doi: 10.3390/Microorganisms10071391.
[5]. Albakri N, Amasha R, Aly MM. Microbiota Intestinal De Ruminantes: Importância, Desenvolvimento E Alternativas Terapêuticas Para Disbiose. Journal Of Contemporary Medical Sciences. 2023;9(1). Https://Doi.Org/10.22317/Jcms.V9i1.1301.

ABSTRACT: Agriculture, a critical pillar of the global economy, faces growing challenges due to labor shortages and increasing food demand. To address these issues, this project presents the design and development of an IoT-based multipurpose agricultural robot aimed at automating key farming tasks such as ploughing, sowing, watering, weed cutting, and soil closure. Leveraging the ESP8266 microcontroller and the Blynk application, the robot offers remote control capabilities via Wi-Fi, enabling farmers to manage agricultural operations efficiently from anywhere.......

Keywords: IoT, Smart Agriculture, Agricultural Robot, ESP8266, Blynk App, Automation, Precision Farming

[1] M. M. Rathore, A. Paul, A. Ahmad, And S. Rho, “Iot-Based Smart Agriculture,” Sensors & Transducers Journal, Vol. 21, No. 4, Pp. 37–45, 2017.
[2] P. Lottes, J. Behley, A. Milioto, And C. Stachniss, “Development Of A Multipurpose Agricultural Robot For Small-Scale Farming,” Int. J. Agric. Biol. Eng., Vol. 13, No. 6, Pp. 101–110, 2020.
[3] R. Singh, V. Kumar, And S. Arora, “Sustainable Agriculture Through Iot And Automation Technologies,” J. Sustainable Agric. Technol., Vol. 6, No. 2, Pp. 22–29, 2021.
[4] M. Boussard, L. P. Vasseur, And T. H. Nguyen, “Enhancing Agricultural Productivity With Iot-Operated Robots,” J. Agric. Eng., Vol. 45, No. 3, Pp. 88–95, 2020.
[5] A. Rahim, S. F. Uddin, And M. K. Iqbal, “Challenges In Agricultural Robotics: A Review Of Current Limitations And Future Directions,” Computers And Electronics In Agriculture, Vol. 195, Pp. 105–121, 2022.

ABSTRACT: Mixed orchard farming, also known as diversified fruit farming, involves cultivating multiple fruit species on the same land. In Haryana, this practice can increase income, reduce risk, and enhance the nutritional value of produce. It leverages the diverse agro-climatic conditions of the state, including its proximity to the National Capital Region (NCR) for marketing opportunities. The benefits of Mixed Orchard Farming in Haryana are:.....

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ABSTRACT: An experiment was conducted at the Germplasm Centre (GPC) of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh and saline stressed Bagerhat district during the period from May to September, 2024 to evaluate the comparative performance of BAU Sapota-4 in terms of growth, yield, and nutrient content. The experiment was consisted of single factor with ten replications. The morphological (plant height, number of branches, leaves, and canopy volume), physiological (flowering duration, fruit setting, and yield), and biochemical parameters.....

Keywords: BAU Sapota-4, BINA-FRC, Environment, Growth, Performance, Stress, Yield

[1] Acosta-Motos, J. R., Ortuño, M. F., Bernal-Vicente, A., Diaz-Vivancos, P., Sanchez-Blanco, M. J., Hernandez, J. A. (2017). Plant Responses To Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms. Agronomy, 7, 1–38.
[2] Ahmed, S., Ahmed, S., Roy, S., Woo, S., Sonawane, D., Shohael, A. (2019). Effect Of Salinity On The Morphological, Physiological And Biochemical Properties Of Lettuce (Lactuca Sativa L.) In Bangladesh. Journal Of Open Agriculture, 4, 361-373.
[3] Ahmed, S., Jahiruddin, M., Razia, M. S., Begum, R. A., Biswas, J. C., Rahman, A. S. M. M., Ali, M. M., Islam, K. M. S., Hossain, M. M., Gani, M. N., Hossain, G. M. A., Satter, M. A., (2018). Fertilizer Recommendation Guide-2018 Bangladesh. Agricultural Research Council (BARC), Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh, 223.
[4] Alam, M. Z., Lynne, C. B., Mitra, S., Haque, M. M., Hasley, J., Rokonuzzama, M., Saha, B., Moniruzzaman, M. (2017). Effect Of Salinity Intrusion On Food Crops, Livestock And Fish Species At Kalapara Coastal Belt. Bangladesh Journal Of Food Quality, 3, 4-23.
[5] Armstrong, K., Mackinder, B., Richardson, J. And Wilkie, P. (2012). Sapotaceae. The Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Is A Charity. Http://Www.Rbge.Org.Uk /Science/ Tropical Diversity/Monographic-Phylogenetic-Research/Sapotaceae. Accessed On 20/10/2024.

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of different doses of gamma irradiation and retention of root stock leaf on the success (%), survivability (%) and stionic growth in veneer grafting of mango cv. BAU aam -14 (Banana mango). The experiment was conducted at the Germplasm Centre of Horticulture Division at the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA) during the period from April, 2024 to September, 2024. The experiment consisted of (i) four different doses of gamma irradiation viz., 0, 5 Gy, 10 Gy and 15 Gy and (ii) stock leaf retention.....

[1] Arthur V.; T. Cantuarias-Avilés And L. Ferrari, 2011. Use Of Gamma-Ray Irradiation On Seeds Of Different Avocado Cultivars For Propagation Purposes. Proceedings VII World Avocado Congress 2011 (Actas VII Congreso Mundial Del Aguacate 2011). Cairns, Austrália. 5 – 9 Sep-Tember V.1, P. 245, 2011.
[2] Asare A. T., F. Mensah , A . S. Cheampong, E. A. Bediako And J. Armah, 2017. Effects Of Gamma Irradiation On Agromorphological Characteristics Of Okra(Abelmoschus Esculentus L. Moench.), Advances In Agriculture, 2385106:1-7.
[3] BBS, 2002. Monthly Statistical Bulletin, Bangladdesh (June ,2024) Bangladesh Bureau Of Statistics, Statistical Division, Ministry Of Planning, Government Of The People’s Of Banladesh.P.49
[4] Candole,A.D. 1984. Origin Of Cultivated Plants. Vegal Paul Trench And Co, London.Pp-67.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Ficus exasperata is a medicinal plant with antioxidant and cardio-protective effects. The study investigated the protective potential of extract of Ficus exasperata against Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)-induced hypertension in rats. Methods: Forty-eight (48) Wistar albino rats were divided into six (6) groups. Group A was the control group, given water ad libitum and feed while Group B was exposed to L-NAME only at 40 mg/kg body weight, Group C-E were treated with L-NAME.....

Keywords: Oxidative stress, Ficus exasperata, antioxidant, hypertension

[1] Abd Allah ESH, Ahmed MA, Makboul R, & Abd El‐Rahman MA. Effects Of Hydrogen Sulphide On Oxidative Stress, Inflammatory Cytokines, And Vascular Remodelling In L‐NAME‐Induced Hypertension. Clinical And Experimental Pharmacology And Physiology. 2020; 47(4): 650–659.
[2] Abdel-Rahman RF, Hessin AF, Abdelbaset M, Ogaly HA, Abd-Elsalam RM, & Hassan SM. Antihypertensive Effects Of Roselle-Olive Combination In L-NAME-Induced Hypertensive Rats. Oxidative Medicine And Cellular Longevity. 2017; 2017 (1): 9460653.
Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2017/9460653
[3] Adewole SO, Adenowo TK, Naicker T, & Ojewole JAO. Hypoglycaemic And Hypotensive Effects Of Ficus Exasperata Vahl.(Moraceae) Leaf Aqueous Extracts In Rats. African Journal Of Traditional, Complementary And Alternative Medicines. 2011; 8(3): 1-7
[4] Agunloye OM, & Oboh G. Effect Of Different Processing Methods On Antihypertensive Property And Antioxidant Activity Of Sandpaper Leaf (Ficus Exasperata) Extracts. Journal Of Dietary Supplements. 2018; 15(6): 871–883.
[5] Ahmed F, Ahmed MKK, Abedin MZ, & Karim AA. Traditional Uses And Pharmacological Potential Of Ficus Exasperata Vahl. Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy. 2012; 3(1). Available At: Traditional-Uses-And-Pharmacological-Potential-Of-Ficus-Exasperata-Vahl.Pdf.

ABSTRACT: Environmental factors can promote adaptive differences among fish populations, with local adaptation as a consequence. Diversity of such a population is governed by gene flow, limited genetic variation, temporal fluctuations, or developmental constraints. We use the macro and micronutrient content to investigate differences between fish species from Cameroon rivers and ponds. A total of eight fish species were collected, including four from the Wouri River, two from the Nyong River, and two from Yaoundé ponds. The samples were carried to the laboratory under cool....

[1] Aoac. 2006. Official Methods Of Analysis Of The Association Of Official Analytical Chemists. Association Of Official Analytical Chemists, Gaithersburg, Md.
[2] Andreeva Am 2010. Structure Of Fish Serum Albumins. J Evol Biochem Physiol. 46:135–44.
[3] Arashdeep Singh1, Antima Gupta1, Vijay Kumar Reddy Surasani2 Savita Sharma1, 2020. Influence Of Supplementation With Pangas Protein Isolates On Textural Attributes And Sensory Acceptability Of Semolina Pasta. Journal Of Food Measurement And Characterization.12pp.
[4] Auc-Nepad. 2014. The Policy Framework And Reform Strategy For Fisheries And Aquaculture In Africa; Nepad: Johannesburg, South Africa.
[5] Baxter G, Blanchard C. L, Zhao J. Effects Of Glutelin And Globulin On The Physicochemical Properties Of Rice Starch And Flour. Journal Of Cereal Science 60(2). 2014. 10.1016/J.Jcs.2014.05.002bene, C. And Heck, 2005. Fisheries And The Millennium Development Goals. Solution For Africa. Naga.28: Pp 8-13.L.

ABSTRACT: Résumé L’étalement urbain, défini comme l’expansion non planifiée des villes vers les zones rurales environnantes, constitue l’un des phénomènes les plus marquants de l’urbanisation contemporaine, en particulier dans les pays en développement. Il résulte d’une combinaison de facteurs économiques, sociaux, politiques, mais aussi environnementaux. Cette dynamique transforme profondément les territoires, souvent au détriment des terres agricoles, de la biodiversité et de l’équilibre socio-spatial. Cet article propose une revue systématique de la littérature sur les.....

[1] Aguejdad, R. (2009). Etalement Urbain Et Evaluation De Son Impact Sur La Biodiversité, De La Reconstitution Des Trajectoires A La Modélisation Prospective. Application A Une Agglomération De Taille Moyenne: Rennes Métropole (Doctoral Dissertation, Université Rennes 2).
[2] Alajizah, S. M., & Altuwaijri, H. A. (2024). Assessing The Impact Of Urban Expansion On The Urban Environment In Riyadh City (2000–2022) Using Geospatial Techniques. Sustainability, 16(11), 4799.
[3] Alberti, M. (2005). The Effects Of Urban Patterns On Ecosystem Function. International Regional Science Review, 28(2), 168-192.
[4] Amarouche, M. & Charmes, É. (2019). L’Ouest Lyonnais Et La Lutte Contre L’étalement Urbain. Le « Village Densifié » Comme Compromis Entre Une Politique Nationale Et Des Intérêts Locaux. Géoconfluences.
[5] Angel, S. (2012). Planet Of Cities (P. 360). Cambridge, MA: Lincoln Institute Of Land Policy..