IOSR-JAVS   Volume-8 ~ Issue-6 ~ JUNE-2015

ABSTRACT: Retinoids are widely used in different dermal pathologies. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of retinA in enhancing wound healing in skin of dogs. Eight local breed's dogs weighting from 7 to 10 kg were used in this study. By aseptic technique a 15 cm vertical incision was done in the left flank and then closed by simple interrupted pattern by (2/0) silk. The animals were divided into two equal groups; the first one was treated with 0.5 mg Retin-A cream twice daily for three weeks. Biopsies were taken at 7th and 21stdays. The histopathological evaluation revealed that retin A greatly enhanced skin healing by increasing the amount of granulation tissue and accelerating scar formation in comparison with the control group.

Keywords: RetinA, Dog, wound healing.

[1]. Alberts D, Ranger-Moore J, Einspahr J, et al (2004): Safety and efficacy of dose-intensive oral vitamin A in subjects with sun-damaged skin. Clin Cancer Res.; 10:1875-1880.
[2]. Larry R. Engelking(2015):Textbook of Veterinary Physiological Chemistry (Third Edition), Pages 282–287.
[3]. Institute of Medicine. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin A, Vitamin K, Arsenic, Boron, Chromium, Copper, Iodine, Iron, Manganese, Molybdenum, Nickel, Silicon, Vanadium, and Zinc. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 2001.
[4]. SanGiovanni JP, Chew EY, Clemons TE, Ferris FL, Gensler G, Lindblad AS, Milton RC, Seddon JM, Sperduto RD.( 2007): The relationship between dietary carotenoid and vitamin A, E and C intake with age-related macular degeneration in a case-control study. Report No. 22. Arch Ophthalmol. 125(9):1225-32.
[5]. Vetrugno M, Maino A, Cardia G, et al (2001): A randomised, double masked, clinical trial of high dose vitamin A and vitamin E supplementation after photorefractive keratectomy. Br J Ophthalmol. 85(5):537-539.

ABSTRACT: In this present study we find the survival rate (%) , growth rate (g) of angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) larvae fed on different diets like Artemia, Rotifer, Moina, Ceriodaphnia, egg custard and green water. The mean survivable rate (%) after 20 days observation were 74.67% for Artemia, 68.33% for rotifer, 70.89% for Moina, 29.46% for Ceriodaphnia, 31.19% for egg custard and 23.72% for green water (Table.3.1). The survivable rate (%) is greater in Artemia than Moina, rotifer, egg custard, Ceriodaphnia and green water respectively. The highest growth rate 11.1 mm was observed in case fed by Artemia after 20 days of culture and lowest 4.8 mm was found in Ceriodaphnia (Table.3.2). The average 28 days required for live feed taken by the spawn cultured, maximum 36 days and minimum 24 days required respectively and diseases occurrence also observed during this study.

Key word: Angelfish, Survival rate, fish feed.

[1]. Alexander, F. 1985. An Introduction to Veterinary Pharmacology. Churchill Livingstone Inc., New York. 429 pp.
[2]. APHA-AWWA-WEF. (2005). Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water. American Public Health Association. Washington DC. USA.
[3]. Blair T, Castell J, Neil S, D'Abramo L, Cahu C, Harmon P, Ogunmoye K (2003) Evaluation of microdiets versus live feeds on growth, survival and fatty acid composition of larval haddock (Melanogrammus aeglefinus). Aquaculture 225:451–461.
[4]. Carvalho AP, Araújo L, Santos MM (2006). Rearing zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvaewithout live food: evaluation of a commercial, a practical and a purifiedstarter diet on larval performance. Aquacult Res 37:1107–1111.
[5]. Castel, J., Blair, T., Neil, S., Howes, K., Mercer, S., Reid Young-Lai, J., Gullison, B. and Dhert, P., Sorgeloos, P., 2003. The effect of different HUFA enrichment
[6]. Cho, S.H., Hur, S.B. and Jo, J.Y., 2001. Effect of enriched live feeds on the survival and growth rates in the larval Kotean rockfish, Sebates schlegeli Hilgendrof. Aquacult. Res. 32 (3), 199.

ABSTRACT: Persistence of carbosulfan was studied under laboratory conditions in black, red and alluvial soils following application @ 5 and 10 mg kg−1. Carbosulfan residues progressively declined with time and reached below detectable level (<0.01 mg kg−1) within 75 days in red and alluvial soil and 90 days in black soil. However, more than 95% of carbosulfan degraded within 60 days after incubation irrespective of the soil type and concentration.

Key words: black soil, red soil, alluvial soil, carbosulfan residues, persistence, degradation, half- life

[1]. Holden, A.R. 1973. Gas chromatographic determination of residues of methyl carbamate insecticides in crops as their 2-4, dinitrophenyl derivatives. JAOAC, 56:713-717.
[2]. Rajukannu, K. and U.S. SreeRamulu. 1985. Degradation and persistence of carbofuran in soils. Madras. Agric. J.,70: 580-584.
[3]. Karrie, L.P., S.H. Sindney and C. Koskinen.1991. Interactions of herbicides with water and soluble soil organic matter. Weed Sci., 39: 367-371.
[4]. Ramalingam, C. 1989. Studies on sorption, desorption, degradation and persistence of HCH isomers in soils and their residues in rice and groundnut. M.Sc. (Ag.) Thesis. Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore.
[5]. Chandrasekaran, J. and A.Regupathy. 1993. Dissipation of carbosulfan in certain soils of Tamil Nadu. Pestology, 17(5): 38-40.

ABSTRACT: Hunger and malnutrition remain amongst the most devastating problems facing the world poor and needy [1]. Nigeria is one of the developing countries affected by hunger, deprivation and abject poverty by its citizenry in spite of its enormous natural and human resources [2]. Nigeria is among the largest fish consumers in the world with over 1.5 million tons of fish consumed annually [3]. Fish farming in Nigeria has it antecedents in the traditional African reciprocal, communal, technical, labour support/skills transfer system of about 10,000 years ago. Fish production from aquaculture accounted for about 96,000 metric tons in year 2000, while only 20,000 metric tons in 1994 [4].

[1]. FAO, (2002). Food and Agriculture publication, Year Report 2002. FAO Rome. pp. 1-6.
[2]. Alamu, S.O., Abiodun, J.A., and Miller JW (2004). Food Security and Poverty Alleviation under the National special Programme for food security: A. preliminary socio-economic assessment of Yamama Lake, Kebbi State: In P.A Araoye (ed). Proceedings of the 19th fisheries Society of Nigeria Conference. pp. 149-162.
[3]. Davies R.M., O.A. Davies, M.B. Inko-Tariah and D.O. Bekibele (2008). The Mechanization of Fish Farms in Rivers State, Nigeria.World Applied Sciences Journal 3 (6): 926-929
[4]. Ajana, A.M., (2003). Economic Development of the Niger Delta: The Role of Fisheries. A paper presented at the 1st Niger Delta Stakeholder Agricultural Forum, organised by NDDC, 3rd April 2003 in Port Harcourt.

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted in ECER region Malaysia, which included, Kelantan, Pahang, Terengganu and part of Johor. The objective of this study was to identify the farmers' preferences in feeding their cattle in this region. Data were collected by door to door survey usingstructured questionnaire as a tool for this study. A total of 289 small holder cattle farm families from 4 states of ECER were surveyed. From the result it appeared that number of beef cattle farm dominates over dairy in all states but there is regional difference in the ratio of beef to dairy farm. Highest proportion of dairy units are found in Johor (35.03%) and lowest in Terengganu (2.60%). Almost 52% farmers practice pasture grazing in main for feeding their cattle in Kelantan

[1]. Alimon, A R and Zahari, W M (2015). Recent advances in the utilization of oil palm by-products as animal feed. umkeprints.umk.edu.my/1148/1/paper%203pdf accessed on 5/3/2015.
[2]. Belay, D, Getachew, E, azage, T and Hedge, B H (2013). Farmers' perceived livestock production constraints in Ginchi watershed area: Results of participatory rural appraisal. Int J livestock production 4(8):128-134.
[3]. Devendra, C (2006). Strategies for intensive use of local feedingstuffs for large-scale economic beef production in Malaysia. Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on Animal Nutrition, Malacca, Malaysia, 97-105.
[4]. Devendra, C and Leng, R A (2011). Feed resources for animals in Asia : Issues, strategies for use, intensification and integration for increased productivity. Asian-Aust. J Anim. Sci. 24 (3): 303-321.
[5]. DVS, 2015. Ternakan – an online release of Dept of Veterinary Services, Malaysia. www.moa.gov.my/c/document_library/get_file? accessed on 5/3/2015.

ABSTRACT: The experiment was set up to evaluate the effect of Trichodermaharzianuminoculationas combination with organic matter oncucumber plant growth and T.harzianumdevelopment.The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse in the agricultural experimental station of the agricultural research directorate in Tewatha 20 Km south east of Baghdad. Organic matterwas applied in 1, 2.5, 5, 10, and 20%of the weight of the soil to 30 cm depthcombination with T.harzianum. A statistical analysis was designed to experimental units according to Duncan's multiple rangewith three replicates for each treatment. Results of this study showed the interactionbetween T.harzianumand organic matteraddition hadsignificant effect on growth parameters of cucumber plant, T.harzianumpopulation, dry and fresh weight, plant height as well as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium concentrations.
Keywords: Organic matter, Cucumber, T.harzianm, Fresh and Dry weight.

[1]. Al-Mustafa,W.A.1993. Critical phosphorus levels for Alfalfa in calcareous soils. Ann. Agric. Sci., Ain Shams Univ. 38: 327-336.
[2]. Bremner, J.M. and C.S. Mulvaney.1982 nitrogen.Botal p. 595-624. In A.L. Page, R.H. Millier, and D.R. Keeney (ed.) methods of soil analysis.
[3]. Burns, R.G. 1978. Soil enzymes.Academic Press. London. Ceresini, P. 2011. Rhizoctoniasolani.NC StateUniversity.
[4]. Burns, R.G. 1983. Extracellular enzyme-substrate interactions in soil.In microbes in their natural environment. Pp.249-298. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
[5]. Damicone, J.P., Patel, M.V.and Moore, W.F. 1993. Density of sclerotia of Rhizoctoniasolaniand incidence of sheath blight in rice field in Mississippi.Plant Disease 77: 257-260.

ABSTRACT: The unique topography of North East (NE) India and watershed pattern is an attractive field for Icthyological studies. This region has already been recognized as a global spot of freshwater fish diversity. The study was conducted on fish diversity and physico-chemical parameters during January 2015 to May 2015 in River Bhogdoi, one of the south bank sub-tributaries of the mighty River Brahmaputra. A total 30 species of fishes under 26 genera, 5 orders and 16 families were recorded form the River Bhogdoi. Cypriniformes were found to be the most abundant group while Synbranchiformes and Beloniformes were less abundant groups during the whole study period.

[1]. Talwar, P. K. and Jhingran, A. G. Inland Fishes of India and Adjacent Countries. Oxford and IBH Co., Pvt. Ltd. (New Delhi), India. Vol. I and II, pp. xix + 1158, 1991.
[2]. Das, B. K.; Boruah, P. and Kar, D., Study of Seasonal Variation of Water Quality of River Siang in Arunachal Pradesh, India. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT). 8 (2IV): 11-20, 2014.
[3]. Das, B. K., Dutta, B., Kar, S., Boruah, P. and Kar, D., Icthyofauna of Subansiri River in Assam and Arunachal Pradesh, India. International Journal of Current Research, 5, (11), 3314-3317, 2013.
[4]. Jayaram, K. C. (2010). The freshwater fishes of the Indian region. Narendra Publishing House (Delhi), India. Second Revised Edition. pp. xxxi + 616.
[5]. Kar, D., Nagarathna, A. V., Ramachandra, T. V. and Dey, S. C., Fish diversity and conservation aspects in an aquatic ecosystem in northeastern India. Zoos Print J, 21: 2308-2315, 2006.

ABSTRACT: Fiber blending has been a common practice in the textile industry for a long time, stimulated to a great degree by the availability of an ever increasing number of manmade fibers. Fiber blending can achieve quality products that cannot be realized using one fiber type alone, and it can also reduce the cost by substituting a less expensive fiber for a more costly one. The survival of textile industry depends primarily on the diversification of end products to meet the national as well as international demands. Diversification in the product can be brought about at various stages viz., yarn, fabric, design, fashion and style. So, the study was conducted to blend mulberry silk and regenerated bamboofibre to produce value added products with the -To blend Bamboo fibre with silk, to construct fabric of twill weave using blended yarn and to produce value added products from the woven fabrics..

[1]. BIS Test Method (1971). Conditioning of Textiles
[2]. Booth, J. E. (1968). Principle of Textile Testing. Third Edn.,NewnesButterword, London. pp. 353-354.
[3]. Choudhury, S. N. (2001). Sericulture and weaving: An overview. Graham Bazar, Dibrugarh, Assam.p. 127.
[4]. Das, K. and Kandi, I. (2014), Utility and Functional Characteristics of Bamboo/Polyester Blended Woven Fabrics For Garments, International Journal of Advanced Research in Engineering and Technology (IJARET), 5(3): 22-25.
[5]. Dharani, E,;Janani, S,; Mythili, P,; Shampavibalu, S. and Senthil Kumar, K, (2010), Green/Eco-friendly textile manufacturing .Colourage, LVII(3):36.

ABSTRACT: A vermicomposting study was conducted with different organic waste like wheat straw, cotton stubble waste and leaf litter by using five species of earthworms i.e. Eisenia foetida, Eudrilus eugeniae, Perionyx excavatus, Lampito mauritii and one local. The result of Eisenia foetida, Lampito mauritii and Eudrilus eugeniae were comparable on nutrient content. The maximum content of nutrients was recorded in vermicompost prepared from leaf litter followed by cotton waste.

Key Words: Earthworm, organic waste, nutrient content.

[1]. Adhikari, T. M., Manna, C. and Biswas, A. K., 1997. "Organic matter improves soil health an overview." Indian Farming (November) :11-14.
[2]. Chopra, S. L. and Kamwar, J. S., 1991. "Analytical Agricultural Chemistry." pp.130-133.
[3]. Gunathilagaraj, K. and Ravignanam, T., 1996. "Vermicompost of sericultural wastes." Madras Agric. J. 83(7) : 455.
[4]. Jackson, M. L. 1973. "Soil chemical analysis." Prentice Hall of India Private Limited, New Delhi.
[5]. Jambhekar, H. A. 1992. "Use of earthworm as a potential source to decompose organic waste." Proceeding of the national seminar on organic farming. p.p. 52.

ABSTRACT: A field investigation was conducted to study the effect of different levels of fertilizers on growth and yield of finger millet. The RDF through briquettes (60:30:00 Kg NPK ha-1) shows significantly higher results regarding different growth attributes like plant height, number of functional leaves plant-1, number of tillers hill-1, leaf area plant-1 and dry matter production plant-1. The treatment T2 also recorded significantly higher yield attributing characters like number of fingers earhead-1 and 1000 grain weight. However, treatment T3 was at par with application of 75% RDF through briquettes. The higher yield attributing characters resulted into significant increase in grain yield (25.20 qtl ha-1) and straw yield (32.72 qtl ha-1) with the application of RDF through briquettes in treatment T2.

[1]. Bulbule, A.V., V.S. Patil and G.D. Jangle. 2005. Efficient fertilizer Management through deep placement as briquette for lowland rainfed transplanted rice. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 30(3): 259-262.
[2]. Dafterdar, S. Y. and N.K. Savant. 1995. Evaluation of environmentally friendly fertilizer management, for low land rice on tribal farmer's field in India. Paper presented at the IRRI Research conference, Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines.
[3]. Darade, A.B. and K.B. Bankar. 2009. Effect of Urea-DAP briquettes and zinc levels on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake and yield of hybrid rice. Int. J. Agric.Sci. 5(2): 510-512.
[4]. Deshmukh, G.M. 2007. Studies on effect of FYM, Lime, NP Fertilizer and Boron on yield, nutrient uptake and quality of nagli (Eluesine corocana G.). M.Sc. (Agri.). Thesis submitted to the K.K.V., Dapoli.
[5]. Dhane, S.S., A.N. Yadav and D.Mahale. 2002. Urea Briquettes containing diammonium Phosphate an important NP source for Costal saline soils. J. Maharashtra Agric. Univ. 27(2): 226-228.

ABSTRACT: This study compared the level of farm efficiency and farm income among tenure secured and non-secured women farmers in the study area. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain information from 84 women farmers and the data were analysed with descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier (SFA) and farm budget analyses. Results showed that the observed differences between the socioeconomic characteristics (farm size cultivated, years of schooling, and household size) of the two categories of women farmers were statistically significant at 5% level. Results further revealed that on the average.

[1]. FAO, 1994. Women, agriculture and rural development, a synthesis report of the Africa region. Rome. Available at http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/004/y6000e/y6000e00.htm [Accessed 26 August 2007].
[2]. FAO, 2010. Gender and Land Rights Database. Available from http://www.fao. org/gender/land rights.
[3]. FAO, 2011. The Role of Women in Agriculture 2011. Available from: http://www.fao.org/docrep/013/ am307e/am307e00.pdf.
[4]. F. L. Nweke, D.S.C. Spencer, and J.K. Lynam, 2002. The Collaborative Study of Cassava in Africa (COSCA) undertaken by the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture from 1989 to 1997, based on data drawn from 281villages in six African countries, In The cassava transformation: Africa's best-kept secret. East Lansing, USA, Michigan State. University Press. 2002.
[5]. FAO, 1998. Rural women and food security: current situation and perspectives. Rome. Available at http://www.fao.org/documents/show_cdr.asp?url_file=/DOCREP/004/y6000e/y6000e00.htm [Accessed 26 August 2007].

ABSTRACT: This study was conducted to compare betweenthe effects of intra-uterine infusion of diluted iodine compounds (1%Lugol's iodine and 2%Povidone iodine)on the postpartum (PP) reproductive efficiency in dairy cowshaving uterine bacterial infection. The reproductive effeiciency during PP was evaluated by studing six reproductive traits. These traits were uterine involution (UI), appearance of the first dominant folicle(DF), recrodescence of the first oestrous(FO), length of days open(DO), number of service per conception (NSC) and calving interval(CI). Sixty cross-bred dairy cows (4 – 6 years) diagnosed having uterine bacterial infection during early PP wasrecruiteded for this study. The cows divided randomly into three equal groups (A), (B) and (C) 20 cows each. Group A and B were intra-uterine infused with 1% Lugol's iodine and 2% PovidoneIdine respectively on day 5 PP. Group C was left untreated to serve as a control. The above mentioned parameterswere evaluated. The result of the current study showed that intra uterine infusion of 1% Lugol's Iodine or 2% Povidone Iodine during early PP significantly improved (P<0.0001) all reproductive traits compared to the control.

[1]. Ahmed, F. OElsheikh, A.S. (2004).Reproductive performance of cross-bred dairy cows treated with PGF2α during early postpartum. J. Anim and Vet. Adv. 3(5): 329-334.
[2]. Barrow, G.I. and Feltham, R.K. (1993).Manual for the identification of medical Bacteria. 3rd. Cambridge university press: 50-150.
[3]. Bartlett, P. M. Kirk, H. Wilk, M., andKaneene, J. (1986).Metitis complex in michigllanHulstien Friesian cattle incidence, descriptive, epidemiology and estimated economic impact. Prev. Vet. Med. 4: 235-240.
[4]. Edwell, M. S., Zduncz, K. and Janowski, T. (2004). Comparative study on the efficacy of hormonal and non hormonal treatment method in ovarian function affected dairy cows. Bull Vet. Instpulaway 48: 265-267.
[5]. Elsanosi, S.M. and Eltyeb, A.B. (1979). Bacteria isolated from uterine washings from mares in the Sudan. Equine Vet. J. 11(4): 219-222.

ABSTRACT: Fertilization application in farming area is potential to nitrogen loss throughleaching. The objective of this study was to know nitrogen leachingand efficiency rate in sweetcorn (Zea mays convar. saccharata var. rugosa) plantation in the peatland area.The study was carried out twice in ombrogenous peatland, from dry season to transition period and from transition period to rainy season. Nitrogen leaching was studied using alysimeter. Mean nitrogen leaching was recorded as many as 5.62 kg N ha-1or 7.15 % of total nitrogen inputs and the seweetcorn growing in the peatland in Kalampangan, Palangka Raya, Central Kalimantan, was found not efficient.

Keywords: peatland, sweetcorn, nitrogen leaching

[1]. Ahmad-Shah, A., M. Radzi-Abbas, dan A.S. Mohd-Jamil. 1992. Characteristics of tropical peat under a secondary forest and an oil palm plantation in Selangor, Malaysia. Proocedings of the 9th International Peat Congress. Uppsala, Sweden. (1) : 256–269.
[2]. Barton, L, Schipper, L A., Barkle, G F andMcLeod, M. 2005. Land Application of Domestic Effluent onto Four Soil Types: Plant Uptake and Nutrient Leaching. Journal of Environmental (34) :635 – 643.
[3]. Firestone, M.K. 1982. Biological denitrification.Nitrogen In Agricultural Soils. Agronomy (22) : 289–326.
[4]. Gaj, R. and N. Bellaloui. 2012. Evaluation of phosphorus and nitrogen balances an an indicator for impact of agroculture on enveronment : A comparison of a case study form Poland and Mississpi US. Agriculture Sciences. (3) : 317 – 329.
[5]. Grimshaw, H. J. and Dolske, D.A. 2002. Rainfall consentrations and wet atmospheric deposition of phosphorus and other constituens in Florida. USA. Water, Air and Soil Pollution. (137) : 117 – 140