iosr-JDMS   Volume-13 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2014

Abstract: Management of a neonate with cleft lip and palate and assuring the parents regarding the future well being of the child can be a challenging task. Timely referral by pediatrician and treatment by an Orthodontist and a Plastic Surgeon can help in limiting the deformity to its minimum and aid in normal growth and development of the child. This paper describes the treatment of two neonates with unilateral cleft lip and palate whose treatment were initiated within 24 hours of their birth. Presurgical Nasoalveolar Moulding(PNAM) followed by one stage surgical repair of lip helped us to achieve remarkable results. Keywords: Lip taping, nasal stent, Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding, presurgical orthodontics and orthopaedics, PNAM.

[1]. Pruzansky S. Description, classification and analysis of unoperated clefts of the lip and palate. Am J Orthod 1953;39:590
[2]. D Patel, R Goyal and T puri. Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding – An adjunct to facilitate surgical repair in infants with cleft lip and palate. Modern Plastic Surgery 2013;3:34-42
[3]. Bixler D. Genetics and Clefting. Cleft palate J 1981;1:10-18
[4]. McDonald RE, Avery DR. Dentistry for the child and adolescent CV Mosby co. Fifth edition. Multidisciplinary team approach to cleft lip and palate management; p. 806-839.
[5]. Berkowitz S. Cleft lip palate Management and Diagnosis. Second Ed. San Diago, London:Springer;1996. p 451-457
[6]. Grayson BH, Santiago PE, Brecht LE and Cutting CB. Presurgical nasoalveolar moulding in infants with cleft lip and palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1999;36:486-498

Abstract: Aim: To discuss the clinical and radiographic success of a pulpotomy with PRF, in a human immature permanent molar tooth. Summary: A 14-year-old male patient reported to the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics with established pulpitis in tooth no. 47. The tooth had a carious pulp exposure, with a history of lingering pain. After isolation, caries removal and pulp exposure, pulpotomy with PRF was performed and a permanent restoration was placed immediately. At the first recall (+1 day), no postoperative pain was reported. At 6 months recall, the tooth responded positively to pulp sensibility tests, and radiographic examination revealed a normal periodontal ligament space.

[1]. Witherspoon DE, Small JC, Harris GZ (2006) Mineral trioxide aggregate pulpotomies: a case series outcomes assessment. Journal of American Dental Association 137, 610–8.

[2]. Bakland LK (2002) Endodontic considerations in dental trauma. In: Ingle JI, Bakland LK, eds. Endodontics. Toronto: BC Decker Inc, pp. 795–844.

[3]. Eghbal MJ, Asgary S, Ali Baglue R, Parirokh M, Ghoddusi J (2009) MTA pulpotomy of human permanent molars with irreversible pulpitis. Australian Endodontic Journal 35, 147–52. [4]. Choukroun J, Diss A, Simonpieri A, et al. (2006) Platelet-rich fibrin (PRF): a second-generation platelet concentrate. Part IV: clinical effects on tissue healing. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology Oral Radiology and Endodontics 101, E56–60.

[5]. Camp JH, Fuks AB (2006) Pediatric endodontics. In: Cohen S, Hargreaves KM, eds. Pathway of the pulp, 9th edn. St. Louis: CV Mosby, p. 838.

[6]. Amir FA, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE (2001) Calcific metamorphosis: a challenge in endodontic diagnosis and treatment. Quintessence International 32, 447–55.

Abstract: Along with functions like grasping and feeling, hands also have an esthetic impact and they can emphasize the beauty of a gesture or grace of a movement Finger and partial finger amputations are some of the most frequently encountered forms of partial hand loss.Whether the traumatic loss of limb or finger is due to war, congenital malformations, systemic diseases (diabetes), an industrial, domestic or vehicular accident, amputation leaves the individual with a long lasting emotional scar from the disfigurement.The concealment of the amputation with the help of reconstructive surgery or prosthesis usage can shield an amputee from social stigma and help improve emotional healing process.Fabrication of finger prosthesis is as much as an art as it is science.

[1]. N. Shanmuganathan, M. Uma Maheswari, and Ahmed Hasan Jibran,Aethetic Finger Prosthesis
[2]. Meier RH (2010) History of arm amputation, prosthetic restoration, and arm amputation rehabilitation. http://www.demosmedpub.com/files/Meier_01.pdf
[3]. Parkes CM. Psycho-social transitions: Comparison between reactions to loss of a limb and loss of a spouse. British Journal of Psychiatry. 1975; 127:204–210. [PubMed]
[4]. Beasley (1981)Op cit.744
[5]. Fassler PR. Fingertip injuries: evaluation and treatment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg.1996; 4(1):84–92. [PubMed]
[6]. Pillet J. The Aesthetic hand prosthesis. Orthop Clinics in North Amer 1981;12;961-70
[7]. Aydin C, Karakoca S, Yilmaz H. Implant-retained digital prostheses with custom-designed attachments: A clinical report. Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. 2007; 97: 191-95.

Abstract: Skin cancer through all types of cancers, is the least frequent and most common form of human cancers. Skin cancer may be Melanoma, Basal and Squamous cell among which Melanoma is the most precarious. It is compulsory to recognize it in its early stage for its proper cure. In this paper, image segmentation method is implemented in MATLAB followed by STOLZ and TDS algorithm. An image segmentation method is used to classifying the current state of melanoma lesions. It further includes various steps for analysis; preprocessing which is used for image enhancement, removal of noise, hair. Then the boundary of the skin lesion is detected with the help of initial segmentation. The lesion is investigated to find the parameters using feature extraction property. The fetched parameter values are therefore used to calculate STOLZ algorithm and by feeding the output of the STOLZ algorithm in TDS, Detection of the current stage of melanoma can be identify.

Keywords: Image segmentation, Feature extraction, STOLZ algorithm, TDS.

[1] D J Gawkrodger,Dermatology an illustrated colour text. Elsevier health science, 2003. [2] Chudnovsky , Yakov,Paul A.Khavari, and Amy E. Adams."Melanoma genetics and the development of rational therapeutics." Journal of clinical Investigation 115.4 (2005): 813-824 [3] National Cancer Institute, "Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Result program," http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/melan.html, April 15, 2014. [4] "American Cancer Society," http://www.cancer.org/cancer/skincancer/index, Oct 10, 2013. [5] "Cancer council Victoria,"http://www.cacervic.org.au/about-cancer/cancer_types/melanoma, Oct 31, 2012. [6] Ignazio Stanganelli, MD Skin Cancer Unit, IRST, Meldola, and Ospedale Niguarda, Milan, Italy," Melanoma Molecular Map Project ," http://www.mmmp.org/MMMP/import.mmmp?page=dermoscopy.mmmp , Oct , 2008

Abstract: Tropical diseases are infectious diseases that are prevalent in or unique to tropical and subtropical regions. India is a tropical country & these diseases permanently curtail human potential, anchoring at least one billion poor people in poverty. They cause enormous economic burden for endemic countries. All such diseases cause great human misery. So this research work is done to evaluate useful role of radiology in early diagnosis of such tropical diseases & to assess value of various radiological modalities like X-rays, Ultrasonography, CT Scan, MR imaging etc. in diagnosis of such tropical diseases with a cost effective approach.

Keywords: Tropical Radiology, Tropical Diseases, Radiology in Tropical diseases.

[1]. Tropical diseases: From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
[2]. Hotez, P. J.; Molyneux, DH; Fenwick, A; Kumaresan, J; Sachs, SE; Sachs, JD; Savioli, L (September 2007). "Control of Neglected Tropical Diseases". The New England Journal of Medicine 357 (10): 1018–1027. doi:10.1056/NEJMra064142. ISSN 0028-4793. PMID 17804846. 17804846. Retrieved 2008-01-21.
[3]. Medcyclopaedia: Tropical Diseases, Chapter: 27, By Philip E.S. Palmer with Stanley P. Bohrer, Carlos Bruguera, Xing-Rong Chen, Mahmoud R. Elmeligi, Hassen A. Gharbi, S.B. Lagundoye, M.W. Wachira.
[4]. "Disease portfolio". Special Program for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases: The World Bank and the World Health Organization. Retrieved 2009-08-01.

Abstract: Prolonged labour contributes to increased perinatal and maternal morbidity.Various drugs have been tried to hasten the cervical dilatation, so that problems and hazards of prolonged labourare minimized. Aim of the study is1)To compare the efficacy of combination of valenthemate bromideandbuscopanvsdrotavarine hydrochloride on cervical dilatation in active labour.2)To compare the duration of active phase of labour, 3) To see for associated complications like cervical tears.100 women with full term singleton pregnancy were included in the studywith gestational age 37-42 weeks with , cephalic presentation in active labour. Cases were divided into 2 groups, group A 50 cases- labour accelerated by drotine and group B 50 cases- labour accelerated by combination of epidosine&buscopan.Mean duration of active phase of 1st stage of labour was 3 hrs 11 min indrotinegroup and 4 hrs 16 min inepidosine&buscopan group. Mean rate of cervical dilatation according to active phase of 1st stage was 1.97 cm/hr in drotine group and 1.45 cm/hr inepidosine + buscopan group. The difference between the two groups is significant ( p< 0.01 ), thus it is concluded that drotine hastened the rate of cervical dilatation.

[1]. Kaur s, Bajwa SK, Kaur P, Bhupal S. To compare the effect of camylofindihydrochloride with combination of valenthamate bromide and hyoscine butyl N-bromide on cervical dilatation. J ClinDiagn Res. Sep 2013;7(9):1897-1899.
[2]. Maria aziz. Comparative study of tramadol hydrochloride and drotavarine hydrochloride on cervical dilatation in active labor. International journal of scientific and technology research. Apr 2014; 3(4): 338-347.
[3]. Dencker A, Berg M, Bergvist L, Ladfors L, Thorsen LS, Lilja H. Early versus delayed oxytocin augmentation in nulliparous women with prolonged labour- a randomized controlled trial. BJOJ: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology 2009; 116:530-6.
[4]. Cunningham G,Gant NF, Leveno KJ, et al. Parturition. Williams obstetrics.( 23rd edition ) 2009:136-60.
[5]. Caughey AB, Sundaram V, Kaimal AJ, et al. maternal and neonatal outcomes of elective induction of labor. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2009; 176:1-257.

Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To study the frequency of urinary culture isolatesin diabetics with urinary tract infection and to compare the spectrum ofin - vitrosensitivity to commonly used anti-microbial agents. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a retrospective study done over a year, by procuring data from the patient records of diabetics admitted with urinary tract infection. The clinical settings including history, examination and the urine cultures with anti-microbial sensitivity of 40 patients were included in the study. The procured data were further analyzed using ratios and percentages.

[1]. WHO diabetes programme 2013. [2]. Shah B, MathurP.Surveillance of cardiovascular disease risk factors in India: The need & scope. Indian J Med Res. 2010: 634-42. [3]. Muller LM.Study on Increased risk of infection in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2. Ned TijdschrGeneeskd. 2006 ; 150 : 549 -53. [4]. GeerlingsSE,Stolk RP, Camps MJ, Netten PM, Collet TJ, Hoepelman AI. Risk Factors for Symptomatic Urinar Tract Infection in Women WithDiabetes.Diabetes Care 2000; 23: 1737–41. [5]. LauSM,PengMY,Chang FY. Resistance rates to commonly used antimicrobials among pathogens of both bacteremic and non-bacteremic community-acquired urinary tract infection.JMicrobiolImmonol Infect 2004; 37: 185-91. [6]. Hasan AS, Nair D,Kaur J, Baweja G, Deb M, Aggarwal P. Resistance patterns of urinary isolates in a tertiary Indian hospital. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2007; 19: 39-41.

Abstract: Polio vaccine is targeted towards preventing poliomyelitis; a condition characterized by inflammation of the spinal cord and neighboring structures resulting to paralysis of the limbs and organs and possibly becoming handicapped for life. Nigeria is one of the three countries where poliomyelitis is still endemic (WHO, 2009). As part of the immunization schedule in Nigeria towards the fight against the menace, 2 to 3 drops of oral polio vaccines are administered orally at certain intervals to any child within the range of 0-5 years. Challenges which comprises of misconceptions about polio vaccine, political and religion factors coupled with insecurity among others constitute a serious challenge as far as polio eradication in Nigeria is concern.

[1]. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), (2009). Morb. Mortal.Weekly Report. 58, 357-362.
[2]. Cheng, W. (2004). Reaching the Unreached: Communication Support for the Pakistan Polio Eradication Initiative. New Delhi: United Nations Children‟s Fund Regional Office for South Asia.
[3]. Federal Ministry of Health (FMOH) Report, 2012. Abuja, Nigeria.
[4]. Global Polio Eradication Initiative (GPEI), (2011). Polio Eradication This Week. Retrieved from http://www.polioeradication.org
[5]. Hooper, E. (1999) The River: A journey to the source of HIV and AIDS. New York. Little, Brown and company.
[6]. IRIN Africa/analysis: Roots of polio vaccine suspension. Retrieve from www.irinnews.org/report/97781/analysis-roots-of-polio-vaccines-suspension. 2004.

Abstract: Juvenile myasthenia gravis is a rare disorder acquired in childhood, representing 10% to 15% of all cases of myasthenia gravis1. It is generally characterized by an autoimmune attack on acetylcholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction. Here, we report a patient with juvenile myasthenia gravis, presented to us with ptosis and drooling of saliva.

[1]. Gadient P1, Bolton J, Puri V. Juvenile myasthenia gravis: three case reports and a literature review. J Child Neurol. 2009 May;24(5):584-90. doi: 10.1177/0883073808325651.
[2]. Szorbor A, Máttyus A, Molnár J. Myasthenia gravis in childhood and adolescence: report on 209 patients and review of literature. Acta Paediatr Hung 1988-1989;29:299-312.
[3]. Snead OC, Benton JW, Dwyer D, et. al. Juvenile myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1980;30:732-739.
[4]. Andrew PI, Massey JM, Sanders DB. Acetylcholine receptor antibodies in juvenile myasthenia gravis. Neurology 1993;43:977-982.
[5]. Evoli A, Batocchi AP, Bartoccioni E, Lino MM, Minisci C, Tonali P. Juvenile myasthenia gravis with prepubertal onset. Neuromuscul Disord 1998;8:561-567.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION-Bleaching is a popular and common method used to enhance the brightness of teeth, but controversial results have been documented concerning its effects on restorative materials. Bleaching is based upon hydrogen peroxide as the active agent, which may be applied directly or released by a chemical reaction from carbamide peroxide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of home-bleaching agents (20% CP) on the surface roughness of five restorative materials (composite resins, RMGIC, Miracle Mix, amalgam and ceramic) during 3-week experimental period.

[1]. Haywood VB, Heymann HO. Nightguard vital bleaching. Quintessence Int 1989;20:173-6.

[2]. Attin T, Hannig C, Wiegand A, Attin R. Effect of bleaching on restorative materials and restorations —a systematic review. Dent Mater 2004; 20: 852-861. [3]. Dahl J, Pallesen U. Tooth bleaching —a critical review of the biological aspects. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med 2003; 14: 292- 304.

[4]. Schmalz G, Arenholt-Bindslev D. Biocompatibility of dental materials. Berlin: Springer; 2009. p. 284.

[5]. Greenwall L. Bleaching techniques in restorative dentistry-an illustrated guide. London: Martin Dunitz Ltd; 2001.

[6]. Pinto CF, Oliveira R, Cavalli V, Giannini M. Peroxide bleaching agent effects on enamel surface microhardness, roughness and morphology. Braz Oral Res 2004;18:306-11.

Abstract: Small cell osteosarcoma is a variant of osteosarcoma composed of small cells and varying amount of osteoid. It was first described by Sim et al4 in 1979. It is a very rare bone tumor and represents 1% to 1.5% of all osteosarcomas3. Its clinical features are similar to conventional osteosarcoma. It occurs in all ages but most of the cases occur in a slightly older age group as compared to conventional forms3. The majority of tumors occur in metaphysis1, with purely lytic lesion most common site is distal femur1,2. 23 year old gentleman had pain and swelling in the right distal thigh for three years. Pain increased in intensity and swelling progressed in size. Presented to us with pain and swelling. On examination patient had diffuse swelling extending from knee to mid-thigh, globular in shape, dilated veins seen. Right knee range of movements: FFD 10degrees, flexion 10-45 degrees with foot drop. Hemoglobin was low; Serum calcium, alkaline phosphatase and phosphorus were within normal limits.

[1]. Small Cell Osteosarcoma A Clinicopathologic Study of 27 Cases ALBERT0 G. AYALA, MD et al.
[2]. Small cell osteosarcoma of bone review article Hisayanakajima et al CANCER June 1(1977) volume 79
[3]. Small cell tumors of bone Shayong li et al AdvAnatPathol Volume 17 number 1 Jan (2010)
[4]. Sim FH, Unni KK, Beabout JW, Dahlin DC. Osteosarcoma with small cells simulating Ewing's tumor. J Bone Joint Surg(Am) 1979;61A:207-215

Abstract: Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of an acidic and alkaline environment on the compressive strength of Grey Pro Root Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and Biodentine. Methodology: A total of sixty human, mandibular molars were used. Perforations were made in the furcation of each molar and enlarged to #3 Pesso drills. The repair was performed, according to the materials used. Samples of each material were repaired according to the repair material and randomly divided into two groups (n=30), GMTA and Biodentine, respectively. These were further apportioned into two subgroups (n=15) according to storage media and time. Four subgroups of 15 samples eachwere exposed to pH 5.4 and pH 7.4 for 4 days respectively.Compressive strength was measured for each of the sample and was measured 4 days after the exposure. Results: Data was subjected to one-way ANOVA using Tukey'spost hoc test. Biodentine displayed greater resistance to dislodgement than Grey Mineral Trioxide Aggregate at acidic environment, 4.66±0.94 MPa and 2.41±0.95. A p-value <0.05 was consideredto be statistically significant. Conclusion:In an acidic environment, compressive strength of Grey Mineral Trioxide Aggregate was affected than that of Biodentine.

Keywords: acidic, Biodentine, compressive strength, Grey Mineral Trioxide Aggregate

[1]. Ingle JI. A standard endodontic technique utilizing newly designed instruments and filling materials. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1961;14:83–91.
[2]. Farzaneh M, Abitbol S, Friedman S. Treatment outcome in endodontics: the Toronto study. Phases I and II: Orthograde retreatment. J Endod 2004;30:627–33.
[3]. Jew RCK, Weine FS, Keene JJ, Smulson MH. A histologic evaluation of periodontal tissues adjacent to root perforations filled with Cavit. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1982;54:124 –35.
[4]. Seltzer S, Sinai I, August D. Periodontal effects of root perforations before and during endodontic procedures. J Dent Res 1970;49:332–9.
[5]. Meister F, Lommel J, Gerstein H, Davies EE. Endodontic perforations which resulted in alveolar bone loss. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979;47:463–70.

Abstract: This article highlights features of ameloblastoma which could be mistaken for a malignant tumor. Ameloblastoma is usually multilocular but may also present itself as unilocular radiolucency. Ameloblastomas are nototrious for their local invasiveness and their tendency to recur. It shows an aggressive behavior leaving surgical resection as one of the most practical approach towards treatment. Also with proper and calculated treatment options, reasonably fair results can be expected in terms of esthetics and function. We present an extensive case of plexiform ameloblastoma of the mandible in a female patient.

Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Plexiform ameloblastoma

[1]. Sharma S, Goyal D, Ray A, Gupta N. Ameloblastoma in children: Should we be radical?. J Indian Soc Pedod Prev Dent 2011;29:74-8 (PROPER)
[2]. Chauhan D S and Guruprasad Y. Plexiform Ameloblastoma of the Mandible. J Clin Imaging Sci. 2011;1:61.
[3]. Amzerin M, Fadoukhair Z, Belbaraka R, Iraqui M, Boutayeb S, M'rabti H et al. Metastatic ameloblastoma responding to combination chemotherapy: case report and review of the literature. J Med Case Reports. 2011;5:491
[4]. Kim SG, Jang HS. Ameloblastoma: A clinical, radiographic and histopathologic analysis of 71 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2001;91:649–53.
[5]. Mendenhall WM, Werning JW, Fernandes R, Malyapa RS, Mendenhall NP. Ameloblastoma. Am J Clin Oncol. 2007;30:645–648.
[6]. Barnes L, Eveson JW, Reichart P, Sidransky D, editors. World health organization classification of tumours: Head and neck tumours. Lyon, France: IARC Press; 2005.

Abstract: The adverse effect of formalin has been discussed many times in medical literature. Anatomists and paramedical workers are all exposed to formalin, and many complaints of irritation of eyes, contact dermatitis and breathlessness have been reported. Moreover formalin has been recently classified as carcinogen which is even suspected of causing adverse reproductive and developmental effects Formaldehyde is a colorless gas with a pungent odor which is commonly used as a tissue preservative in medical laboratories and embalming. It is commonly bought as 37% solution in water known as formalin (with 10% methanol as stabilizer). The high solubility of formaldehyde in water causes rapid absorption in respiratory and GIT tract. Medical students, anatomists and laboratory technicians are subjected to prolonged exposure to formalin as it is used for preservation of cadavers. Number of acute and chronic health effects has been reported from exposure to formaldehyde. The most common symptoms generally encountered are fatigue, burning eyes and nose. Numerous studies in humans and experimental animals have demonstrated that inhaled formalin produce toxicity, genotoxicity and cancer at distal sites1, 2..

[1]. Costa S, Pina C, Coelho P, Costa C, Silva S, Porto B, Laffon B, Teineira JP Occupational exposure to formaldehyde: genotoxic risk evaluation by comet assay and micronucleus test using human peripheral lymphocytes. J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2011;74(15-16): 1040-51
[2]. Hafiz Omer Ahmed Preliminary study. Formaldehyde exposure in laboratories of Sharjah university in UAE. Indian J Occup Enviorn Med 2011; 15(1):33-37
[3]. Salthammer T, Mentese S and Marutzky R. Formaldehyde in the indoor environment. Environment Chem Rev 2010;110(4):2536-2512
[4]. Okamoto S, Matsuoka S,Takenalsa N, Haredy AM, Tanimoto T, GomiY, Ishikawa T, Akagi T, Akashi M, Okuno Y, Mori Y and Yamanishki K. Intranasal immunization with formalin inactivated human influenza A whole – virion vaccine alone and with split virion vaccine with mucosal adjuvants show similar cross protection. Clin Vaccine Immunol 2012;19(7):979-90
[5]. Nicholson HD, Samalia L, Gould M, Hurst PR and Woodroffe M. A comparison of different embalming fluids: histological preservation in human cadaver. Eur J Morphol 2005; 42(4-5): 178-84

Abstract: Denture marking is accepted as a means of identifying dentures and persons in geriatric institutions, during war, crimes, and civil unrest, natural and mass disasters, post mortem and medico-legal investigations. This paper reviews the various methods of denture marking and highlights the significance of placing identification marks on dentures. Various methods have been proposed for denture marking but it is important to use a method that is simple, practical, affordable and universally acceptable.

Key Words: Denture identification, Forensic odontology, Prosthesis identification

[1]. Stavrianos C, Stavrianou I, Kafas P. Denture identification system based on Swedish guidelines: A Forensic Aspect. The Internet Journal of Forensic Science 2008;3(1).

[2]. 2. Gosavi S, Gosavi S. Forensic odontology: A prosthodontic view. J Forensic Dent Sci 2012;4(1):38–41.

[3]. Pretty IA. Forensic dentistry 1, Identification of human remains. Dent update 2007;34:621–2.

[4]. Brannon RB, Kessler HP. Problems in mass disaster dental identification a retrospective review. J Forensic Sci 1999;44:123–7.

[5]. Woodward JD. Denture marking for identification. J Am Dent Assoc 1979;99:59–60.

[6]. Pyke TF. Personal identification from artificial dentures. Aust Dent J 1970;15:495–8.

Abstract: Bruxism is a parafunctional habit which can be severe, moderate or mild. Treating bruxers with dental implants has been challenging by many investigators due to untoward forces imparted on the implants which can cause either failure of implants or complication like fracture of ceramic component of final restoration. This article shows how such patients can be treated by proper planning and good team work between the Surgeon and the Restorative Dentist. Patient compliance, Antero-Posterior (A-P) spread, Cross arch stabilization, Metal Reinforced Provisional and Balanced Occlusion are critical factors to be considered while treating full arch cases in bruxers.

Keywords: Immediate loading, Immediate placement, Bruxers, Full arch, Cross arch stabilization

[1]. Schnitman PA, Wöhrle PS, Rubenstein JE, DaSilva JD, Wang NH. Ten-year results for Brånemark implants immediately loaded with fixed prostheses at implant placement.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997; 12:495-503.
[2]. Tarnow DP, Emtiaz S, Classi A. Immediate loading of threaded implants at stage 1 surgery in edentulous arches: ten consecutive case reports with 1-to 5-year data.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 1997;12:319-324.
[3]. Ganeles J, Rosenberg MM, Holt RL, Reichman LH. Immediate loading of implants with fixed restorations in the completely edentulous mandible: Report of 27 patients from a private practice. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2001; 16:418–426.
[4]. Gallucci GO, Bernard JP, Bertosa M, Belser UC. Immediate loading with fixed screw-retained provisional restorations in edentulous jaws:The pickup technique. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants 2004;19:524–533.
[5]. 5.Jaffin RA, Kumar A, Berman cl. Immediate loading of dental implants in the completely edentulous maxilla:a clinical report.Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants.2004; 19:721-730

Abstract: Clinical entity with several treatment options. Treatment of these cases requires extremely well-co-ordinated orthodontic and surgical treatment planning and execution. This is a case report of 30 year old female adult patient who presented with skeletal class II malocclusion with excessive vertical growth of maxilla. Vertical maxillary excess, thin alveolar troughs, proclined upper and lower anterior teeth, excessive curve of spee and excessive eruption of upper and lower incisors which led to decision of combination of orthodontic and surgical treatment. This case report represents twin jaw surgery. Le Fort I procedure with maxillary set back and sub apical osteotomy in mandibular arch. The presented technique was unique as it shortened the treatment time and resulted in good occlusion, function, and aesthetics.

Keywords: Gummy smile, vertical maxillary excess, orthognathic surgery

[1]. Schendel SA, Einsenfeld J, Bell WH, Epker BN, Mishelevich DJ. The Long face syndrome: vertical maxillary excess. AM J Orthod 1976;70(4):398-408
[2]. Radney LJ, Jacobs JD. Soft tissue changes associated with surgical total maxillary intrusion. AM J Orthod 1981;80(2):191-212
[3]. Fish LC, Wolford LM, Epker BN. Surgical-orthodontic correction of vertical maxillary excess. Am J Orthod 1979;73(3):241-257
[4]. Bell WH, Dann JJ. Correction of dentofacial deformities by soft-tissue changes. Am J Orthod 1973;64(2):162-187
[5]. Wessberg GA, Washburn MC, Labanc JP, Epker BN. Autorotation of themandible: effect of surgical superior repositioning of the maxilla on mandibular resting posture. Am J Orthod 1982;81(6):465-472
[6]. Sarver DM, Weissman SM. Long-term soft tissue response to Lefort I maxillary superior repositioning. Angle Orthod 1991;61(4):267-276

Abstract: The potential anti-hypertensive effects associated with the administration of walnut was investigated using 130 hypertensive subjects. Result showed that Juglans nigra normalizes high blood pressure if short term meal of walnut is taken; other parameters that walnut normalises are high cholesterol and serum electrolytes. Walnut meal has no effect on haemoglobin concentration, white blood cell count, Packed cell volume and platelet counts compared with their corresponding controls. It could be deduced from this study that walnut contains some principle elements that is anti-hypertensive.

Key Words: Walnuts, Hypertension, Haemoglobin, Cholesterol, Serum, Electrolytes

[1]. ALEXANDER R.R and GRIFFIT J. M (1993). Haematocrit in: Basic Biochemical methods 2nd Ed. John Willey and Sons. Inc. Publication New York Pp 186-187.
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Abstract: Coronary heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the developed countries and is fast catching up with nutritional and infectious diseases in the developing countries also. Ischemic heart disease has been branded as "Modern Edpidemic" by the WHO.[1] The diagnosis of an acute myocardial infarction (MI) is typically based upon the history, electrocardiogram, and cardiac enzymes, particularly serum troponins and creatine kinase MB fraction (CK-MB). Although not routinely performed for diagnosis, echocardiography is an accurate, noninvasive test that is able to detect evidence of myocardial ischemia or necrosis.

[1]. Park J. E. – Text book of Preventive and social medicine 16th edition 2000.
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[4]. Horan L. G. flowers N.C. et al Significance of diagnostic Q waves in myocardial infarctions. Circulation 43;428:1971.
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Abstract: Pregnancy in non-communicating rudimentary horn of unicornuate uterus is an uncommon form of ectopic pregnancy usually resulting in rupture during second trimester with grave consequences for the mother and fetus. We report a case of ruptured non-communicating rudimentary horn at 28 weeks of gestation in woman with previous Caesarean section in unicornuate uterus. She presented to emergency with pain abdomen since four days. Laparotomy was done and the rudimentary horn excised. Post-operative recovery was uneventful. High index of suspicion of uterine anomaly and its early diagnosis in cases of second trimester rupture is required to save this catastrophic event.

Keywords: unicornuate uterus; non-comunicating rudimentary horn; ectopic pregnancy; rupture.

[1]. Heinanen PK. Unicornuate uterus and rudimentary horn. Fertile Steril 1997; 168: 224-30.
[2]. Nahum GG. Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy: a case report on surviving twins delivered eight days apart. Reprod Med 1997; 42:525-32.
[3]. B. W. Rackow, A. Arici. Reproductive performance of women with müllerian anomalies. Current Opinion in Obstetrics and Gynecology 2007; 19:229–237.
[4]. G. G. Nahum. Rudimentary uterine horn pregnancy: the 20th-century worldwide experience of 588 cases. Journal of Reproductive Medicine for the Obstetrician and Gynecologist 2002; 47:151–163.
[5]. Reichman D, Laufer MR, Robinson BK. Pregnancy outcomes in unicornuate uteri: a review. Fertil Steril 2009; 91:1886-94.
[6]. Panayotidis C, Abdel-Fattah M, Leggott M: Rupture of rudimentary horn of a unicornuate uterus at 15 weeks gestation. J Obstet Gynaecol 2004; 24:323-324.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to compare the functions of the condyle and complications after fixation of a subcondylar fracture of the mandible with two noncompression miniplates and a single non-compression miniplate. A total of 24 patients who required open reduction of a subcondylar fracture of mandible were selected for the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups of 12 each. Group I comprised of patients treated with a single miniplate and Group II were treated with two miniplates.The patients were assessed for occlusion, lateral deviation on opening, infection and plate removal.All the parameters were compared statistically using the chi square test. Out of 24 patients, inadequate reduction was noticed in two patients in Group I. Screw loosening occurred in two cases; both the cases were stabilized with a single miniplate. In these cases, hardware removal was performed. Malocclusion and lateral deviation occurred in three cases due to plate bending. When two miniplate were used, no screw loosening was observed. Malocclusion and inadequate reduction was observed in one of the patient in Group II due to plate bending. Two plates for subcondylar fractures represent the best solution to obtain stable osteosynthesis in comparison to a single miniplate.

Keywords: Miniplates, mandible fracture, malocclusion,noncompression, subcondylar fracture

[1] Baker HW, Moos KF: Current consensus on the management of fractures of the mandibular condyle. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 27:258, 1998.

[2] Hammer B, Schier P, Prein J: Osteosynthesis of condylar neck fractures: A review of 30 patients. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 35:288, 1997.

[3] Choi BH, Kim KN, Kim HJ, et al: Evaluation of condylar neck fracture plating techniques. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 27:109,1999.

[4] Spiessl B, Schroll K. Gelenkfortsatz- und Gelenkkoepfchenfrakturen. In: Nigst H, editor. Spezielle Frakturen- und Luxationslehre Bd. I/I. Stuttgart, Germany: Thieme; 1972.

[5] Ellis E, Dean J: Rigid fixation of mandibular condyle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 76:6, 1993

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem worldwide. The overall prevalence of DM in adults in Saudi Arabia is 23.7%. But, according to recent reports people living in Saudi Arabia could face a lifetime risk as high as 60 per cent of developing diabetes. Diabetes mellitus causes serious complications in many body systems. Diabetic nephropathy is one of the most debilitating complications of diabetes mellitus and it is a leading cause of death. Pomegranate is a native fruit to Al-Taif region. A number of biological activities such as antioxidant, antibacteria and antidiabetic have been reported for pomegranate extracts. The present study is conducted in order to demonstrate the protective effects of pomegranate peel extract against diabetic renal complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 100 male of albino rats will be used and divided into three groups; the first group, normal or sham group; the second and third groups will be subjected to induction of diabetes. The third groups will treated with pomegranate peel extract orally. Biomedical analyses will be made at intervals through the trial. At the end of the trial (40 weeks) the animals will killed and the kidneys will sampled and prepared for histo-pathological, ultra-structural and immuno-histo-chemical examinations. Finally, Statistical analysis for numerical data will be made. Results revealed that administration of pomegranate peel extract leads to an improving effect on the renal parenchyma in diabetic kidney indicated by healed glomerular tuft, healed renal tubules and healed tubular interstitial epithelial cells with restoring the normal glomerular tuft structures as well as the normal glomerular capillary wall thickness and normally tubular basement membrane thickness. Also it showed significant improvement in the blood level of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol. It was concluded that pomegranate peel extract has marked improving effects against diabetic renal complications. So, we advise use of pomegranate in human nutrition as table fruit or juice for its anti-hyperglycemic effects, antioxidant activities as well as its antihypertensive and anti-inflammatory action.

Keywords - pomegranate, diabetes, renal, histopathology

[1] Amos A. F.; McCarty D. J. and Zimmit P. (1997). The rising global of diabetes and its complications: estimates and projections to the year 2010. Diabetes Med.; 14:7- 85.

[2] Al-Nozha M.M., Al-Maatouq M.A., Al-Mazrou Y.Y. et al. (2004). Diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med. J.; 25 (11): 1603-1610.

[3] W.ww.diabetes.co.uk, accessed on 9/10/2011.

[4] Biesenbach G. (2007). Highest mortality during the last year before and thefirst year after start of dialysis treatment in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. Curr Diabetes Rev.; 3: 123–126.

[5] Schernthaner G. (2008). Kidney disease in diabetology: lessons from 2007. Nephrol Dial Transplant; 23: 1112–1115.

Abstract: Objective: Breast carcinoma is the most common cause of death in females globally, which should be detected early and treated promptly. This study aims at establishing Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) as an individual parameter in diagnosing & grading carcinoma breast and to correlate cytological grading with the histopathological grading done post-operatively. Materials & methods: We present here, a series of 44 cases, clinically suspected of carcinoma breast, presenting with hard, painful breast lump with or without axillary lymphadenopathy, sent for cytological examination to our department. Aspiration was done, following using 20G needle and smears were stained with Haematoxyline & Eosin, Papanicolau, and May-Grünwald-Giemsa. Results: The stained smear showed highly pleomorphic ductal cells in large number forming dyscohesive sheets & also lying singly. Cells had nuclei with hyperchromasia, irregular nuclear margin, open chromatin & conspicuous nucleoli. The diagnosis of carcinoma breast was offered and cytological grading was done according to Robinson's nuclear grading system in all cases. Urgent biopsy was also however, recommended. The mastectomy specimens of these patients, when grossed & stained with Haematoxyline & Eosin proved the cytological diagnosis conclusive and cytological grading of the tumors concordant in 80% of the cases. Higher cytological grades showed increased nodal metastasis. Conclution: So, early diagnosis & precise grading with the help of FNAC itself can prove to be a very good informative tool & prognostic indicator, leading to commencement of early treatment & can prevent many untimely deaths in future. Key Words: Fine needle aspiration cytology, cytological grading, histological grading

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Abstract: Aim: To evaluate the solvency of chloroform and eucalyptol for gutta percha removal in re-treatment. Methodology- A total of 40 extracted human maxillary single rooted teeth were selected. Canal preparation was carried out by the sequential use of K- files up to size 30 at working length and then divided into one control group(n=10)that is group I and three experimental groups II,III,IV (n=10 each).The experimental groups were obturated by lateral compaction of gutta percha using zinc oxide eugenol sealer. During re-treatment chloroform and eucalyptol severed as solvent in all groups. In group II no solvent ,group III chloroform and group IV eucalyptol, were used for gutta percha removal. Scanning electron microscopy was done to check the efficacy and statistically analysed. Results: Among the three experimental groups SEM analysis showed greatest efficacy of group IV at coronal and apical sections and statistically significant result at middle section. Conclusion: eucalyptol showed superior gutta percha removal efficacy at coronal and apical thirds and similar efficacy for both at middle third.

Keywords: Re-treatment,Solvent,Obturation

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