iosr-JDMS   Volume-14 ~ Issue-10 ~ October-2015

Abstract: The major cause of morbidity and mortality in burn patients is due to infections . Inspite of recent advances in the health care practices related to burn wound management and infection control practices, still infection remain the main cause of mortality. Emergence of drug resistant pathogens like MRSA and ESBL producers is leading to inappropriate treatment and hence increased morbidity and mortality. Aims: To isolate various bacteria from samples of burn wound infections and the antibiotic pattern of the isolated organisms .

[1]. Cochran A, Morris SE, Edelman LS, Saffle JR. 2002. Systemic Candida infection in burn patients. Surg infection Larch mt. Vol.3(4).pp367-374.
[2]. Macedo JLS, Santos JB,Bacterial and fungal colonization of burn wounds, Mem lnst Oswaido Cruz 2005;100:535-539.
[3]. Taneja N, Emmuanuel R, Chari PS, Sharma M.A prospective study of hospital-acquired infectins in burn patients at a tertiary care referral centre in North India.Burns 2004;30:241-243.
[4]. Vindenal H, Bjerknes R. Microbial colonization of large wounds,Burns 1995; 21: 575-579.
[5]. Mayhall, C.G. 2002. The epidemiology of burn wound infections: then and now. Burns, 29: 738 44.
[6]. Revathi G, Puri J, Jain B K. 1998. Bacteriology of burns. Burns. Vol.24.pp347-349
[7]. Kumar, V., Bhatnagar, S.K., Singh, A.K.,Kumar, S., Mishra, R.K. 2001. Burn wound infection: A study of 50 cases with special reference to antibiotic resistance.Indian J. Biol. Res., 46:66 9.

Abstract: Patients, having failed intubation due to restricted mouth opening ( less then 3 fingers , mallampati grade 2 ) and limited movement of temperomandible joint presented as a difficult situation to secure airway. Fiber optic is a gold standard technique for this situation but this is not available in our hospital.The Retrogrades intubation technique via epidural catheter can be a important and safe method for such cases.

Keywords: Retrograde intubation, epidural catheter .

[1]. https://books.google.co.in/books?isbn=0323022332
[2]. Jain G, Singh DK, Yadav G, Gupta SK, Tharwani S. A modification in the tube guide to facilitate retrograde intubation : A prospective, randomised trial. 2011 Sep; 55(5):499-503

Abstract: Skin is often considered as a mirror of internal diseases. Many systemic diseases produce cuta-neous manifestations before or after the onset of systemic events. Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are often burdened by skin lesions, these findings can prompt for early diagnosis of CKD and its management. Material & Methods: A total of 150 cases of CKD with or without hemodialysis were studied for a period of 18 months. Detailed cutaneous examination was done and dermatological manifestations were evaluated and compared among dialysis and pre-dialysis groups.

[1]. Oxford desk reference nephrology 2009.
[2]. Brig AS Narula Chronic kidney disease: The Looming Threat MJAFI 200864:2-3.
[3]. S.K. Agarwal, R.K. Srivastava Chronic Kidney Disease in India: Challenges andSolutions Nephron Clinical Practice Vol 111, No:3,2009
[4]. Reema Mirza, Zarnaz Wahid, HumeraTalat Dermatological Manifestations in Chronic Renal Failure Patients on Haemodialysis JLUMHS JANUARY-APRIL 2012; Vol 11:No.01 p.24-28.
[5]. Graham RM, Cox NH. Systemic diseases and the skin. In: Burns T,Breathnach S, Cox N, Griffiths C, (eds) Rook's Textbook of Dermatology, 8th edn. Oxford, Blackwell science: 2010p.68.62-68.75.

Abstract: Radiographic imaging is essential in diagnosis, treatment planning and follow-up in endodontics. The applications of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in endodontics has been widely reported in the literature.It provides high-quality, accurate three- dimensional (3D) representations of the osseous elements of the maxillofacial skeleton. The purpose of this article is to discuss the features, advantages and limitations of using CBCT in endodontics.

Keywords: CBCT, cone beam computed tomography, diagnosis,periapical radiograph, root canal treatment.

[1] WilliamC.Scarfe, MartinD.Levin, DavidGane, and AllanG.Farman,Use of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Endodontics, International Journal of Dentistry, vol 2009, 1-20.

[2] Jonathan EE, Comparison of Endodontic Treatment Planning with CBCT and Periapical Radiography, University of Illinois,Chicago,2012.

[3] M. Goldman, A. H. Pearson, and N. Darzenta, ―Endodon- tic success—who's reading the radiograph?‖ Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 432–437, 1972.

[4] M. Goldman, A. H. Pearson, and N. Darzenta, ―Reliability of radiographic interpretations,‖ Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology, vol. 38, no. 2, pp. 287–293, 1974.

[5] A. G. Farman, ―Image guidance: the present future of dental care,‖ Practical Procedures & Aesthetic Dentistry, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 342–344, 2006.

[6] A. G. Farman, C. M. Levato, and W. C. Scarfe, ―A primer on conebeamcomputedtomography,‖InsideDentistry,vol.3,pp. 90–92, 2007.

Abstract: The use of dental implants has enabled the fabrication of highly functional and esthetic restorations and improved the predictability of treatment. However, at any point during rehabilitation and maintenance complications and failure can occur. The success rate in patients who are treated with dental implants, in general, is high for all implant systems. In prospective and retrospective studies, it varies from 84.9% to 100%.This article includes identifying the failing and ailing implants and timely intervention to avoid failure and successful restoration of function.

Keywords: Ailing, Failing, Failed implants, surviving implant, Bone loss, GBR, BWG

[1]. Att W, Stappert C. [2003] Implant therapy to improve quality of life. Quintessence Int; 34:8:573- 581.
[2]. Henry PJ. [2005]Oral implant restoration for enhanced oral function.ClinExpPharmacol Physiol. 32:123-127.
[3]. Smith GC. [1985] surgical principles of the Brånemarkosseointegration implant system. Aus ProsthodontSoc Bull.15: 37-40.
[4]. Santos MC, Campos MI, Line SR [2002]. Early dental implant failure: A review of the literature. Braz J Oral Sci.; 1:103-111.
[5]. Adel R, Erickson B, Lekholm U, Brånemark P-I, Jemt T. [1990] A long-term follow up study of osseointegrated implants in the treatment of totally edentulous jaws. Int J Oral Maxillofac Implants; 347- 359.

Abstract: Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancy causing cancer related deaths in women worldwide. Early diagnosis of cervical cancer along with improvised therapeutic approaches helps to reduce the burdens of this cancer in young women of reproductive age. Laparoscopic radical trachelectomy is regarded as superior technique in this field. We conducted retrospective study on 55 patients with cervical cancer treated with laparoscopic radical trachelectomy in Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University. The result of analysis was in favor of the technique. Prospective studies with larger sample size and long-term follow up is needed to further support the outcome of this study.

Keywords: Cervical Cancer, Radical Trachelectomy, Laparoscopic Radical Trachelectomy.,

[1]. Global Burden of Disease Cancer, C., et al., The Global Burden of Cancer 2013. JAMA Oncol, 2015. 1(4): p. 505-27.
[2]. Costa, R.F., et al., Historical Analysis of the Brazilian Cervical Cancer Screening Program from 2006 to 2013: A Time for Reflection. PLoS One, 2015. 10(9): p. e0138945.
[3]. Smith, A.L., et al., Conservative surgery in early-stage cervical cancer: what percentage of patients may be eligible for conization and lymphadenectomy? Gynecol Oncol, 2010. 119(2): p. 183-6.
[4]. Frumovitz, M., et al., Comparison of total laparoscopic and abdominal radical hysterectomy for patients with early-stage cervical cancer. Obstet Gynecol, 2007. 110(1): p. 96-102.
[5]. Lu, Q., C. Liu, and Z. Zhang, Total laparoscopic radical trachelectomy in the treatment of early-stage cervical cancer: review of technique and outcomes. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol, 2014. 26(4): p. 302-7.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus, which is one of the leading cause of morbidity, in developing countries. Diabetic neuropathy has emerged as an important complication, with increasing incidence & prevalence. Hence this study is focused to determine the phrenic neuropathy in type II diabetes mellitus patients. Aim & objective: To evaluate the phrenic neuropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and also to assess its effect on alteration in pulmonary function tests of these patients.

[1]. Wild S, Roglic G, Green A, Sicree R, King H. Global prevalence of diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:1047- 53
[2]. Guyton AC, Hall JE. Text book of Medical Physiology. 11th ed. 2006. 972p.
[3]. Harrison's Principles of internal medicine. 18th Edn . 2012; 2968, 2984
[4]. Gill H.K, Yadav SB, Ramesh E, Bhatia E. A prospective study of prevalence and association of peripheral neuropathy in Indian patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Post Grad Med 2014 Jul-Sep;60(3):270-5

Abstract: Introduction: Four cases of neurofibrolipoma (lipofibromatous hamartoma of the nerve) were presented. Neurological examination was normal except to minimal pain on palpation. Surgical exploration revealed that nerve and its digital branches were infiltrated by fibrofatty tissues. Fibrofatty tissues were dissected and removed from the nerve by microsurgical technique. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis as a Neural neurofibrolipoma or lipofibromatous hamartoma of the nerve. The result of surgical debulking was satisfactory.

[1]. Scheithauer BW, Woodruff JM, Erlandson RA. Tumors of the Peripheral Nervous System, Atlas of Tumor Pathology, AFIP Third Series, Fascicle 24, 1999
[2]. Weiss, S.W., J.R. Goldblum, and F.M. Enzinger, Enzinger and Weiss' soft tissue tumors. 5th ed2008, Philadelphia, PA: Mosby Elsevier.
[3]. Venkatesh K, Saini ML, Rangaswamy R, Murthy S. Neural fibrolipoma without macrodactyly: a subcutaneous rare benign tumor. J Cutan Pathol. 2009 May;36(5):594-6.
[4]. StricklandJW, Steichen JB. Nerve tumors of the hand and forearm. J Hand Surg Am 1977;2:285–91.
[5]. Guthikonda M, Rengachary SS, Balko MG, van Loveren H. Lipofibromatous hamartoma of the median nerve: case report with magnetic resonance imaging correlation. Neurosurgery 1994;35:127–32.
[6]. Nouira K, Belhiba H, Baccar S, Miaaoui A, Ben Messaoud M, Turki I, et al. Fibrolipoma of the median nerve. Joint Bone Spine 2007;74:98–9.

Abstract: This case report presents the Endodontic & Post Endodontic management of a patient diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), and with a reduced mouth opening of 18 mm. The patient presented with grossly mutilated upper anteriors. Endodontic Treatment was initiated followed by cast post & core fabrication and restored with crown. The article discusses in brief the Etio-pathogenesis of OSMF with endodontic & post endodontic management of such patients.

Keywords: Betel nut chewing, oral submucous fibrosis, Post Endodontic management

[1]. Celik N, Wei FC, Chang YM, Yang WG, Chen DJ, Tsai CY. Squamous cell carcinoma of the oral mucosa after release of submucous fibrosis and bilateral small radial forearm flap reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2001;107:1679–83.
[2]. Rajendran R. Oral submucous fibrosis: Etiology, pathogenesis and future research. Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72:985–96.
[3]. Schwartz J. Atrophia Idiopathica mucosae oris.Demonstrated at the Eleventh International Dental Congress, London, 1952 Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72:985–96

[4]. Hazarey VK, Erlewad DM, Mundhe KA, Ughade SN. Oral submucous fibrosis: Study of 1000 cases from Central India. J Oral Pathol Med. 2006;35:1–6.

[5]. Vivek Aggarwal, Mamta Singla. Endodontic management of a patient with oral submucous fibrosis using custom modified endodontic instruments. J Conserv Dent. 2012; 15(1): 89–91.

Abstract: Dental caries is the most prevalent and chronic disease worldwide. Caries occurrence and progression are known to be influenced by a complex interplay of both environmental and genetic factors. A genetics approach provides an opportunity for better discrimination between genetic and environmental components. The present study was carried out among 120 school age students and their families in Najran –Saudi Arabia to identify the association between dental caries and hereditary factor.

[1]. Deeley K, Letra A, Rose EK, Brandon CA, Resick JM, Marazita ML, Vieira AR: Possible association of amelogenin to high caries experience in a Guatemalan-Mayan population. Caries Res 2008;42(4):8–13.
[2]. Hunter PB: Risk factors in dental caries. Int Dent J.; 1988; 38(4): 211 -217.
[3]. Mobley C., Marshall TA., Milgrom P. and Coldwell SE.: The contribution of dietary factors to dental caries and disparities in caries, Acad Pediatr; 2009, 9(6): 410 -414.
[4]. Law V., Seow WK.,and Townsend G: factors influencing oral colonization of mutans streptococci in young children. Aust Dent J; 2007; 52(2): 93-100. [5]. Wright JT, Fine JD, Johnson L. Dental caries risk in hereditary epidermolysis bullosa. Pediat Dent 1994; 16(6): 427- 32.

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen. Appendicectomy is the most commonly done emergency surgery.The preoperative use of antibiotics in patients undergoing appendectomy for acute appendicitis has been shown to decrease the rate of surgical site infections (SSI). The benefits of post operative course of antibiotics in these patients, however, remain unclear. The specific aim of this study were to determine whether the addition of postoperative antibiotics in non-perforated appendicitis is associated with decreased rates of SSI Between March 2013and February 2015, 57 patients operated for acute appendicitis were studied.

[1]. Vazquez Mohamed AA and Bhat NA. Acute appendicitis dilemma of diagnosis and management. The internet journal of sur-gery 2010; 23(2), DOI: 10.5580/18e
[2]. Andersen BR, Kallehave FL, Andersen HK. Antibiotics versus placebo for prevention of postoperative infection after appendectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001;(3):CD001439.
[3]. Brown SP. Acute appendicitis. In: Ellis BW, Brown SP, editors. Hamilton Bailey's Emergency Surgery.13th edn. New York:Arnold; 2000. p 399-400.
[4]. Langell JT, Mulvihill SJ. Gastrointestinal perforation and the acute abdomen. Med Clin North Am 2008;92:599–625.
[5]. Langell JT, Mulvihill SJ. Gastrointestinal perforation and the acute abdomen. Med Clin North Am 2008;92:599–625
[6]. Bauer T, Vennits B, Holm B, et al; Danish Multicenter Study Group III. Antibiotic prophylaxis in acute nonperforated appendicitis. Ann Surg 1989;209:307–11

Abstract: The first deceased donor kidney transplant in our hospital was performed in 1996 with74deceased donor transplantations thereafter.We retrospectively analysed various donor and recipient characteristics with focus on vessel anatomy and type of anastomosis. Intraoperative andpost-operativecomplications. Patient and graft survival rates of deceased donor renal transplant recipientsat 1 year & 3 years.Donor age was between12-68 years. Main cause of brain death was RTA.Recipientage was between 18-57 years.Only 19(25.67%)were females. Etiology for ESRD was not known in many, followed by CGD. Average Cold ischemia time was 8.01 (± 2.73) hours.17 (22.97%) cadaveric kidney had double renal arteriesof which in10 accessoryarteries were ligated, double anastomosis to External Iliac arteryand Internal iliac artery was done in others. Intraoperatively one case eachof mottling and impending graft rupture was encountered. Postoperatively 23(31.5%)cases had DGF and 5(6.8%) had SGF.

[1]. Jha.V .Current status of end-stage renal disease care in India and Pakistan, Kidney International Supplements (2013) 3, 157–160; doi:10.1038/kisup.2013.3
[2]. Shroff S. Indian transplant registry. Indian J Urol 2007;23:272-7.
[3]. Tasaki, M. et al.20-Year Analysis of Kidney Transplantation: A Single Center; Japan Transplantation Proceedings , Volume 46 , Issue 2 , 437 - 441
[4]. Shroff S, Navin S, Abraham G, Rajan PS, Suresh S, Rao S, et al. Cadaver organ donation and transplantation-an Indian perspective. Transplant Proc 2003;35:15-7.
[5]. Mani MK. Review article, development of cadaver renal transplantation in India. Nephrology 2002;7:177-82.
[6]. Gumber M R, Kute V B, Goplani K R, Shah P R, Patel H V, Vanikar A V, Modi P R, Trivedi H L. Deceased donor organ transplantation: A single center experience. Indian J Nephrol [serial online] 2011 [cited 2015 Jan 26];21:182-5. Available from: http://www.indianjnephrol.org/text.asp?2011/21/3/182/82636

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus type 2 is considered to be largely preventable and treatable through Yoga. Aim: To study the effect of yogasanas on blood glucose and serum insulin and to consider whether yogasanas increases the insulin sensitivity to the glucose signal. Methods &Material: This is a cross-sectional study done in Naturopathy hospital. Group I consists of 30 healthy subjects and group II of 18 subjects who were known diabetics. Every subject performed sets of asanas for 6 consecutive mornings each from Monday to Saturday for 4 weeks. Blood glucose was estimated in the fasting state and 30 minutes after a carbohydrate load, at the start of the study and 4 weeks after performing Yogasanas for 30 healthy subjects. For the 18 diabetic subjects only fasting blood glucose was estimated before and 4 weeks after performing yogasanas.

[1]. Mohan V. Why are Indians more prone to diabetes? J Assoc Physicians India. 2004;52:468-74.
[2]. Weir GC, Leahy JL. Pathogenesis of NIDDM. In: Kahn CR, weir GC, eds. Joslin‟s diabetes mellitus( Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1994)200.
[3]. Weir GC, Leahy JL. Pathogenesis of NIDDM. In: Kahn CR, weir GC, eds. Joslin‟s diabetes mellitus.( Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger, 1994):240.
[4]. J.Hans Devries,42nd EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetologia.. 2006;49:289-297.
[5]. JASEN P. From the "Silent Killer" to the "Whispering Disease": Ovarian Cancer and the Uses of Metaphor. Med Hist. 2009; 53(4): 489–512.
[6]. Cade WT. Diabetes-Related Microvascular and Macrovascular Diseases in the Physical Therapy Setting. Phys Ther. 2008; 88(11): 1322–1335.

Abstract: The endodontic treatment of a mandibular molar with aberrant canal configuration can be diagnostically and technically challenging. Radix Entomolaris (RE) is one such aberration where an extra root is present on the distolingual aspect of mandibular first molar . This article presents a case report of mandibular first molar with five root canals.

Keywords: Mandibular first molar, Middle mesial canal, Radix Entomolaris.

[1]. Carlsen O, Alexandersen V. Radix paramolaris in permanent mandibular molars identification and morphology. Scan J Dent Res 1991;99: 189– 95.
[2]. De Moor RJ. Deroose CA, Calberson FL. The radix entomolaris in mandibular first molars: an endodontic challeng., Int.Endod J 2004;37:789 –99.
[3]. Thoden Van Veizen SK, Wesselink PR, De Cleen MJH. Endodontology, 2nd ed.Boha Stafleu Van Loghum, Houtem/Diegem, 1995;142 – 3.
[4]. F. Pineda and Y. Kuttler, ―Mesiodistal and buccolingual roentgenographic investigation of 7,275 root canals,‖ Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology,1972, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 101– 110
[5]. B. C. W. Barker, K. C. Parsons, P. R.Mills, and G. L. Williams, ―Anatomy of root canals. III. Permanent mandibular molars,‖ Australian Dental Journal,1974, vol. 19, no. 6, pp. 408–413
[6]. Carabelli G. Systematisches Handbuch der Zahnheilkunde, 2nd ed. Vienna: Braumuller und Seidel, 1844:114.

Abstract: The objective ofprosthodontics to restore normal function, aesthetics and speech becomes challenging in a complete denture service.This becomes furthermore complicated when there are resorbed ridges especially the mandibular residual alveolar ridge due to decreased denture bearing area,supporting tissues and unfavourable muscle attachments.This paper describes in detail the prosthetic management of extremely resorbed mandibular ridge by making a definitive impression using tissue conditioner as given by Winkler followed by Monophase elastomeric impression material so as to accurately record the maximum denture bearing area within physiological limits using closed mouth impression method.

[1]. Nishimura I,HosokawaR,AtwoodDA;The knife edge tendency in mandibular residual ridges in women;JProsthet Dent; 1992;67(6);820-6
[2]. Boucher Prosthodontic treatment for edentulous patients.1997: 11th ed
[3]. Sheldon Winkler. Essentials of complete denture prosthodontics. 1996: 2nded.
[4]. DeFrancoRL,Sallustio A ;An impression procedure for the severely atrophied mandible;JProsthet Dent;1995;73(6);574-577 [5]. Murata H,SeoRS,HamadaT,PolyzoisGL,FrangouMJ;Dynamic mechanical properties of hard, direct denture reline resins; J Prosthet Dent;2007;98(4);319-326
[6]. Hiroshi Murata, Taizo Hamada, ShinsukeSadamori ;Relationship between viscoelastic properties of soft denture liners and clinical efficacy;Japanese dental science research; 2008;vol 44(2);128-132

Abstract: Study skills are the hide and reveal in the area of cognitive and emotional behaviors that are associated with individual learning. Do not use principles of study skills are reduced learning and student's progress. So the evaluation of their Study Skills is essential. The aim of this study was to determine study skills in students of In this descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study, 453 students were selected through stratified random sampling. Congos learning skills scale including six subscales (Reading ability of texts ،Taking notes ،
Enhance memory ،Preparation for exam ،Increased focus and time management)was employed for gathering data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS-ver.22 and descriptive and analytic statistics including independent t-test and ANOVA, Tukey post hoc, Pearson correlation coefficient and Chi-Square.

[1]. Seif a. Methods of learning and study. 3th ed. Tehran: douran; 1380
[2]. Mohammadi m a, dadkhah b, mozaffari n, nemati a. To understand the effective studying between ardabil city university students in 2006 year. Journal of semnan university of medical sciences 2008;9[2]:93-8.
[3]. Aminian a, ghomizadeh a. Comparing successful and unsuccessful students with respect to studing methods in yazd shahid sadoughi medical universitythe journal of medical education and development. 2007;2 (1) :8-14.
[4]. Mardanian f, kazeroni zade m. Evaluation of study patterns in different study steps in gynecology students of shahid beheshti hospital of esfahan. Iranian journal of medical education 1382; 3: 68-70.
[5]. Rouhani a, akbari m, mamavi t. Evaluation of study skills among student of mashhad dental school in academic year 2008-2009. Journal of teb va tazkieh.2009; 19[3]: 63-73.
[6]. Macnamara d, penner k. First-year math students: using study skills and motivation to predict academic success2014 available from: url: http://www.kwantlen.ca/__shared/assets/math_retention_study2878.pdf/

Abstract: Neurosensory disturbance is the most serious complication following surgical extraction of impacted mandibular third molar. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) damage after mandibular third molar surgery. Impacted mandibular third molars extracted by a single experienced surgeon under same protocol. Subjective (self-reported) sensory changes were evaluated 1 week after the surgery to determine the IAN damages. Cases with IAN injury were re-evaluated 3 months, 6 months and 1year after the surgery to record the recovery pattern.

[1] M. Eshghpour, N.M. Rezaei, A. Nejat, Effect of menstrual cycle on frequency of alveolar osteitis in women undergoing surgical removal of mandibular third molar: a single blind randomized clinical trial, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 71, 2013, 1484–9.
[2] L.K. Cheung, Y.Y. Leung, L.K. Chow, M.C. Wong, E.K. Chan, Y.H. Fok, Incidence of neurosensory deficits and recovery after lower third molar surgery: a prospective clinical study of 4338 cases, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 39, 2010, 320-6.
[3] J. Gargallo-Albiol, R. Buenechea-Imaz, C. Gay-Escoda, Lingual nerve protection during surgical removal of lower third molars. a prospective randomised study, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 29, 2000, 268-71.
[4] S. Hillerup, Iatrogenic injury to the inferior alveolar nerve: etiology, signs and symptoms, and observations on recovery, Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 37, 2008, 704-9.
[5] A.B. Bataineh, Sensory nerve impairment following mandibular third molar surgery, J Oral Maxillofac Surg, 59, 2001, 1012-7.
[6] C.R. Brann, M.R. Brickley, J.P. Shepherd, Factors influencing nerve damage during lower third molar surgery, Br Dent J, 186, 1999, 514-6.

Abstract: A chronic knee dislocation is extremely rare and difficult problem that adds to the complexity of treatment. Due to paucity of literature, treatment protocols for these dislocations are not clearly outlined. We report a case of posttraumatic inadequately treatedantero-medial knee dislocation of 18 months duration, managed with double stage procedure (Illizarov's reconstruction followed by arthroscopic arthrolysis) without ligamentous reconstruction in a contralateral above knee amputee with acceptable outcome. The apparent rarity and a challenging therapeutic problem in this case would be of significant value for an orthopaedic surgeon dealing with a similar case scenario.

[1]. Almekinders LC, Logan TC: Results following treatment of traumaticdislocations of the knee joint. ClinOrthop 284: 203–207, 1992
[2]. Simonian PT, Wickiewicz TL, Hotchkiss RN, Warren RF. Chronicknee dislocation: reduction, reconstruction, and application of askeletally fixed knee hinge. Am J Sports Med. 1998;26:591–595.
[3]. Saini R, Mootha AK, Goni VG, Dhillon MS. Neglected irreducible posterolateral knee dislocation. Indian J Orthop. 2010;44(4):468-70.
[4]. Sisto DJ, Warren RF. Complete knee dislocation. ClinOrthop. 1985;198:94 –101.
[5]. Vicente-Guillen P, Figa-Mataro J,Coloma-Bellver J. Long-standingunreduced dislocation of the knee. A casereport. IntOrthop. 1998;22(4):275–6.
[6]. Henshaw RM, Shapiro MS, OppenheimWL. Delayed reduction of traumatic kneedislocation. A case report and literaturereview. ClinOrthopRelat Res. 1996Sep;(330):152–6.

Abstract: Healing of wound remained a mystery for centuries with varying concepts in different frame of space and time. With the advent of latest techniques in molecular biology, this miracle of God has begun to unfold its mystery. Though humans claim to have known much of its model, the great variability of its nature still remains to be explored. The present review focuses on the healing of wounds with an emphasis on periodontal wound healing. For the ease of understanding, this review had been divided into three parts. This part of the article focuses on the basics of wound healing process.

Keywords: Wound Healing, Periodontal Wound Healing, Inflammation, Collagen, Granulation

[1]. Christgau M. Wound Management and Postoperative Care. Perio – Periodontal Practices Today. 2004; 1 (4): 293-310
[2]. Saraf S, Parihar R. Sushruta: The first Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C.. The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2006;4: 2.
[3]. Zinn J, Swofford V.Quality Improvement Initiative: Classifying and Documenting Surgical Wounds. Wound Care Advisor. 2014; 3(1): e32-38
[4]. Mangram AJ, Horan TC, Pearson ML, Silver LC, Jarvis WR. Guideline for Prevention of Surgical Site Infection. 1999; 20(4): 247-278
[5]. Williams NS, Bulstrode CJK, O'Connell PR. Bailey & Love's Short Practice of Surgery. 26th Edition. Taylor & Francis, 2013, Page No 25-32
[6]. Clark RAF. Wound Repair. Overview and General Considerations. The molecular and cellular biology of wound repair. 2nd edn. New York, NY: Plenum Press. 1996; 3: 50

Abstract: Cherubism, a rare non-neoplastic autosomal dominant genetic defect of bone remodelling which predominantly affects the mandible alone or both the mandible and the maxilla, giving a characteristic cherubic appearance to the patient. On radiography, the lesions exhibit bilateral multilocular radiolucent areas. Histopathology reveals multinucleated giant cells in the background of proliferating fibrous connective tissue. Cherubism is a self-limiting condition and usually regresses itself after puberty. The present case report describes cherubism in a 10 year old male child and briefly reviews literature on this report.

Keywords: Cherubism, Mandible, Bilateral, Follow-up.

[1]. Akhiwu B. Idemudia, Amole I. Olushola, EfunkoyaAkinwale, AtandaAkinfenwaTaoheed,Lawal H. Sikiru, Omeje Kevin. Cherubism: Case report and review of literature. Journal of Medicine in the Tropics. 2015;17(1):42-45.
[2]. Maria E Papadaki, Steven A Lietman, Michael A Levine, Bjorn R Olsen, Leonard B Kaban, Ernst J Reichenberger. Cherubism: best clinical practice. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 2012;7:1-14.
[3]. Sarda D, Kothari P, Kulkarni B, Pawar P. Cherubism in siblings. A Case Report. J Indian SocPedodPrev Dent. 2007;1-3.
[4]. JustynaWagel, KlaudiuszŁuczak, Barbara Hendrich, MaciejGuziński, MarekSąsiadek. Clinical and radiological features of nonfamilialcherubism: A case report. Pol J Radiol. 2012; 77(3): 53-57.
[5]. Mohammad Shakeel, Mohammad Imran, MunazaShafi, MudasarAhad. Cherubism: A Case report. Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology. 2015;6(1):578-581.
[6]. KhaireP.B,Dhahyalkar A. Cherubism: A Case Report. Indian Journal of Applied Research. 2015;5(5):19-20.

Abstract: Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy is a relatively ill-characterized condition, ECG showing QTc Interval prolongation is the most option for diagnosis & it's prolonged in patients with cirrhosis, thus indicating delayed repolarization. Aim: To determine the frequency of QTc interval prolongation in cirrhotic patients with cardiovascular diseases e.g: cardiomyopathy. Methods: Cross sectional study, we assessed an ECG changes using calibrated machine, and the QT interval was measured. QTc was calculated using Bazett's formula and a QTc of more than 0.44 seconds was considered as being prolonged.

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Abstract: Aims: To assess the basic knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Digital Rectal Examination in Medical students. Methods: The questionarie was prepared and distributed to medical students in final year MBBS in 7 medical college in Mangalore .There were 455 participants . The students who had been in all the clinical postings were included in the study .Yes or No response was obtained and analysed. Score was expressed in percentage based on the appropriate answers obtained.

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