iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-11 ~ November-2016

Abstract: Introduction: Coarctation of the aorta is more commonly a discrete stenosis of the proximal thoracic aorta. The long-term prognosis may be affected by several clinical and hemodynamic conditions like residual or recurrent coarctation, systemic arterial hypertension and an associated increase in premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular events, development of aneurysm at repaired site, dissection of aorta, intracranial hemorrhage. Studies showing that a disappointingly high prevalence of hypertension even after correction of arch obstruction. Increased stiffness and abnormal smooth muscle response of the arterial wall can contribute to the.........

Keywords: .........

[1]. Corretti MC, Anderson TJ, Benjamin EJ, Celermajer D Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery: a report of the International Brachial Artery Reactivity Task Force. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002 Jan 16;39(2):257-65.
[2]. Maron BJ, Humphries JO, Rowe RD, et al. Prognosis of surgically corrected coarctation of the aorta: A 20- year post-operative appraisal. Circulation. 1973 Jan;47(1):119-26.
[3]. Toro-Salazar OH, Steinberger J, Thomas W, et al. Long-term follow-up of patients after coarctation of the aorta repair. Am J Cardiol. 2002 Mar 1;89(5):541-7.
[4].Clarkson PM Results after repair of coarctation of the aorta beyond infancy: a 10 to 28 year follow-up with particular reference to late systemic hypertension. Am J Cardiol. 1983 May 15;51(9):1481-8.

Abstract: We know and speak a lot about cross infections (that is infection transmitted through the articles that are shared by people like fomites, stationeries and door knobs etc.). But as doctors we think and talk less about Hospital acquired infections for which we may also be one of the reasons. These hospital acquired infections are recognized as critical public health problems. These infections are frequently caused by those organisms present in healthcare environment, and also contaminating the medical instruments like cheatle's forceps which is used to pickup almost all of the sterile instruments that are used in day to day hospital routine

Keywords: cheatle's forceps,cross infection.

[1]. Bacterial contamination, bacterial profile andantimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolatesfrom stethoscopes at Jimma University
Specialized Hospital Teklu Shiferaw2, Getenet Beyene1, Tesfaye Kassa1and Tsegaye Sewunet1*- Shiferawet al. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials2013,12:39
[2]. Stethoscopes: A Possible Mode for Transmission of Nosocomial Pathogens- Bhatta D.R., GoKhale S., anSaRi M.t., tiWaRi h.K.,
GauR a., MathuRia J.M., GhoSh a.n.- Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2011 November (Suppl-1), Vol-5(6): 1173-1176

[3]. Stethoscopes as vectors of multi-resistant coagulase negative staphylococci in a tertiary hospital- Foteini Leontsini1, Aris
Papapetropoulos2, Apostolos Vantarakis31Biopathology Laboratory, Athens Medical Center, Athens, Greece2 Department of
Otolaryngology, Paidon Pentelis Children Hospital, Penteli, Gree3 Department of Public Health, Medical School, University of
Patras, Greece- International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health | 2013 | Vol 2 | Issue 2
[4]. Bacterial contamination of patients' medical charts in a surgical ward and the intensive care unit: impact on nosocomial infections-
Sing-On Teng1, Wen-Sen Le1, Tsong-Yih Ou1 , Yu-Chia Hsieh1, Wuan-Chan Lee2, Yi-Chun Lin21Division of Infectious
Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital; and2Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal
Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University; Taipei, Taiwan- 2009 Journal of Microbiology,
Immunology and Infection
[5]. Bacterial contamination of mobile phones of healthcare workers at Jimma University Specialized Hospital, Jimma, South West
Ethiopia- Girma Mulisa Misgana1, KeteAbdissa 2, Gemeda Abebe21. Adama Hospital Medical College, Department of Biomedical
Science, Adama, Ethiopia2. Jimma University, Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Pathology, Jimma, Ethiopia

Abstract: Spindle cell neoplasms are defined as neoplasms that consist of spindle-shaped cells in the histopathology. Spindle cell neoplasms can affect the oral cavity. In the oral cavity, the origin of the spindle cell neoplasms may be traced to epithelial, mesenchymal and odontogenic components. It has a more aggressive behavior as compared to classical squamous cell carcinoma warranting surgical interventions with wider surgical margins. This article aims to report two cases of spindle cell neoplasm of maxilla along with review the
spindle cell neoplasms of the oral cavity with emphasis on histopathology, immunohistochemistry and treatment options.

Keywords: SCSC = spindle cell squamous carcinoma, SPCC= spindle cell carcinoma, SOHND= supra omohyoid neck dissection

[1]. Case Report Spindle cell carcinoma (Sarcomatoid carcinomas) of Head and neck: A Case Series --Vikas wariko et al.-- SEAJCRR
SEPT-OCT 3 (5)-2014- eISSN: 2319 – 1090
[2]. A Look at the Biology of Spindle Cell Squamous Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity:
[3]. Report of a Case--Clara Rizzardi et al --J Oral Maxillofac Surg 61:264-268, 2003
[4]. Sarcomatoid (Spindle Cell) Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Mucosal Region: A Clinicopathologic Review of 103 Cases from a
Tertiary Referral Cancer Centre--Seethalakshmi Viswanathan---Head and Neck Pathol (2010) 4:265–275DOI 10.1007/s12105-010-
0204-4
[5]. Spindle Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Cavity: A Case Report--Ezulia T et al-- Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2015, 2:1 ISSN: 2378-3656

Abstract: Head trauma is common in our modern era of motorized transport. Over 50% of all trauma deaths are associated with head injury and close to 60% of vehicular trauma deaths are due to head injuries1. Head injuries are frequently associated with ophthalmic manifestations and consequent morbidity2.The present study was undertaken to evaluate.......

Keywords: Morbidity, Ocular Trauma, Road Traffic Accidents, Visual Acuity

[1]. Van Stavern GP, Biousse V, Lynn MJ, Simon DJ, Newman NJ.Neuro-Ophthalmic manifestations of head trauma. J Neuro-Ophthalmol 2001; 21 (2): 112-117.
[2]. Chaudhuri Z, Pandey PK, Gupta R &Chauhan D. Profile of ocular morbidity associated with head injury. AIOC Proceedings.Miscellaneous 2002; p 609.
[3]. NSD Raju Ocular manifestations in head injuries Year: 1983 | Volume : 31 | Issue : 6 | Page : 789-792
[4]. Odebode TO, Ademola-Popoola DS, Ojo TA, Ayanniyi AA (2005) Ocular and visual complications of head injury. Eye (Lond.) 19:561–566
[5]. A R Kulkarni1, S P Aggarwal1, R R Kulkarni2, M D Deshpande, P B Walimbe- and A S Labhsetwar- Ocular manifestations of head injury Eye (Lond). 2005 Dec;19(12):1257-63.

Abstract: Root caries was once considered a disease for which the elderly population had their teeth extracted and replaced with removable prosthesis.[1] Approximately 38% of patients between the ages of 55 and 64 years have root caries , and 47% of those between 65 and 74 years have experienced root caries.[2] At present ,root caries is becoming a new area of focused research in dentistry ,as more people are living to an advanced age and retaining their natural teeth.

Keywords:Cementum, elderly, geriatric, root caries, root surface,

[1]. Beck JD. The epidemiology of root surface caries: North America studies . Adv Dent Res 1993;7:42.
[2]. Winston AE, Bhaskar SN: Caries prevention in the 21St century. J Am Dent Assoc 129(11):1579-87,1998.
[3]. Shay K. Root caries in the older patients. Significance, prevention and treatment. Dent Clin North Am 1997;41:763-794
[4]. Konig KG, Root lesions. Int Dent J 1990;40:283-288
[5]. Titus HW, Root caries. Some facts and treatment methods. Am J Dent April 1991:14:61-68
[6]. Emilson CG, Ravald N, Berkhed D.Effects of a 12-month prophylactic programme on selected oral bacterial populations on root
surfaces with active and inactive carious lesions. Caries Res 1993:27:195-200

Abstract: Conscious Sedation is a technique in which the use of a drug produces a state of depression of central nervous system enabling treatment to be carried out, but during which verbal contact with the patients is maintained throughout the period of sedation. Various drugs have been used as sedative agents in pediatric dentistry to produce conscious sedation such a nitrous oxide, diazepam, midazolam, propofol, Ketamine, temazepam, chloral hydrate, hydroxyzine hydrochloride, promethazine........

Keywords: Conscious Sedation, midazolam, Ketamine

[1]. Meyer, M. L., Mourino, A. P., & Farrington, F. H. (1990). Comparison of triazolam to a chloral hydrate/hydroxyzine combination in the sedation of pediatric dental patients. Pediatr Dent, 12(5), 283-7.
[2]. Oral sedation is the oldest known yet effective, economic and easy to use among all routes of CS.
[3]. Shabbir, A., Bhat, S., Sundeep, H., & Salman, S. M. (2011). Comparison of oral midazolam and triclofos in conscious sedation of uncooperative children. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry, 36(2), 189-196.
[4]. Moreira, T. A., Costa, P. S., Costa, L. R., JESUS‐FRANÇA, C. R. I. S. T. I. A. N. A., Antunes, D. E., GOMES, H. S. O., & Neto, O. A. (2013). Combined oral midazolam–ketamine better than midazolam alone for sedation of young children: a randomized controlled trial. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry, 23(3), 207-215.
[5]. SOBCZAK, O. M. (1975). Use of ketamine in pediatric dentistry. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 54(2), 248-249.

Abstract: Hand hygiene is universally acknowledged to be the single most important measure to prevent cross transmission of microorganisms, as contaminated hands of hospital staff has been identified as a major factor in transmission of hospital-acquired infections. Our study aimed to improve the knowledge about hand hygiene and infection control among medical students and to study the effect of hand hygiene training given to them in tertiary care teaching hospital.........

Keywords: Hand hygiene training, Medical students, education

[1]. A World Alliance for Safer Health Care. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: a Summary. First Global Patient
Safety Challenge Clean Care is Safer Care. Geneva, World Health Organization, 2009.
[2]. Larson EL (1995) APIC guideline for hand washing and hand antisepsis in health care settings. Am J Infect Control. 23: 251-269.
[3]. Reybrouck G (1983) Role of the hands in the spread of nosocomial infections. Int. J Hosp Infect 4: 103-110.

[4]. Larson E (1988) A causal link between hand washing and risk of infection? Examination of the evidence. Infect Control Hosp
Epidemiol 9: 28-36.
[5]. Pittet D, Allegranzi B, Sax H, Dharan S, Pessoa da Silva C, Donaldson L, Boyce J (2006) Evidence-based model for hand
transmission during patient care and the role of improved practices. Lancet Infect Dis 6: 641-652.

Abstract: Intestinal Atresia is a common cause of neonatal intestinal obstruction. Triple atresias involving jejunum, ileum and colon is rare entity. We had a case of Triple atresia with imperforate anus in a baby with Down's syndrome. This rarity and mode of presentation make it an interesting case to be reported to know such entity and to deal with them in possible best way.

Keywords: Anus, Imperforate; Cesarean Section; Colon; Down Syndrome; Female; Gestational Age; Intestinal Atresia; Jejunum; Laparotom.

[1]. Concise Medical Dictionary 8th edition. Oxford University Press, Oxford. 1980. ISBN-13: 9780199557141:2-3.
[2]. Ilaura K Dalla Vecchia Karen W West et al. ntestinal Atresia & Stenosis a 25 year experience with 277 cases Arch Surg. 1998;133:490-97.
[3]. Tandler J. Zur Entwicklungsgeschichte des Menschlichen Duodenum in Fruhen Embryonalstadien. Morphol Jahrb. 1900;29:187-216.
[4]. Louw JH, Barnard CN. Congenital Intestinal Atresia: Observations on its origin. Lancet 1955;2:1065-67.
[5]. Littre A: Diverses observations anatomiques, histoire de l'acadamemie royale de Science Paris, 1710; 15-6.

Abstract: Osteochondromas are usually common tumors of the long bones, Osteochondroma of temporo mandibular joint is a rare, slow growing, benign tumor that causes a progressive enlargement of the condyle, usually resulting in facial asymmetry, temporo mandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction, limited mouth opening and malocclusion. Radiographically, there is unilaterally enlarged condyle usually with an exophytic outgrowth of the tumor from the condylar head. We present a rare case of osteochondroma of right mandibular condyle in a 46-year-old male who reported with painless swelling over TMJ area and progressive limited mouth opening. Computed tomography (CT) was performed for better evaluation of the pathological condition.........

Keywords: Osteochondroma, Computed Tomography, Mandibular condyle, Histology, Exostosis.

[1]. Utumi ER, Pedron IG, Perrella A, Zambon CE, Ceccheti MM, Cavalcanti MG. Osteochondroma of the temporomandibular joint: A case report. Braz Dent J. 2010;21:253–8.
[2]. Kumar A, Rastogi S, Modi M, Nijhawan S. Osteochondroma of the mandibular condyle. Indian J Dent Res. 2011;22:616.
[3]. Cury SE, Shinohara E, Oliveira R, Miyagusko J, Mitsuda ST, Martins MT, et al. Soft tissue osteochondroma of the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint: A Case Report. Webmedcentral Histopathol. 2011;2:1–7.
[4]. Meng Q, Chen S, Long X, Cheng Y, Deng M, Cai H. The clinical and radiographic characteristics of condylar osteochondroma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 2012;114:e66–74.
[5]. Bonatti Bde S, Patrocinio LG, Costa SA, Costa JM, Patrocinio JA. Temporomandibular joint synovial chondromatosis. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;74:480.

Abstract: The trends in cancers of the Central Nervous System are less frequently analysed due to relatively low incidence of occurrence of these tumors compared to cancers of other organs like aero-digestive tract, cervix and breast. The objective of this study was to correlate the histological grade and Ki 67 expression in various CNS neoplasms and provide a benchmark for future studies assessing data in continuum. This was a retrospective study carried out in our institution on 100 CNS neoplasms. There was positive correlation between the Ki-67 expression and histological grade showing a proportionate rise in the labelling index with the corresponding histological grade.

Keywords: CNS neoplasms, WHO grade, Ki 67, labelling index

[1]. Kleihues P, Burger PC, Aldape KD et al. Classification of the tumors of the central nervous system .IARC,Lyon 2007.
[2]. Torp SH Alsaker M. Ki 67 immunoreactivity basic FIibroblastic growth factor (bFGF) expression and microvessel density as
supplementary prognostic tools in low grade astrocytomas: An immunohistochemical study with special reference to the
reliability of different Ki 67 antibodies. Pathol Res Pract 2002; 198: 261- 265.
[3]. Johannessen A, Torp S: the clinical value of Ki 67 /MIB -1 labelling index in human astrocytomas. PatholOncol Res 2006; 12:
143-147
[4]. E Jaros, R H Perry, L Adam , P J Kelly P J Crawford et al. Prognostic implications opf p53 protien, epidermal growth factor
receptor and Ki -67 labelling index in brain tumors.. Br J Cancer 1992; 66: 373- 385.
[5]. RosalvaTherezaMeurer, Daniele Tondolo Martins, ArleteHilbig, Marlise de Castro Ribeiro.Immunohistochemical expression of
markers Ki 67,NeuN, Synaptohysin, p53 and Her 2 in medulloblastoma and its correlation with the clinicopathological
parameters. ArqNeuropsiquiatr 2008;66:385-390

Abstract: Background: Ki-67 is a non‑histone nuclear protein which is expressed in proliferating cells, during all the active phases of the cell cycle. Increased Ki-67 expression has been seen in several inflammatory and malignant conditions like diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, pancreatitis and squamous cell carcinoma. Aim: The aim of the present study is to analyze the expression of Ki‑67 in gingival tissues in subjects with healthy periodontium, chronic gingivitis and chronic periodontitis by immunohistochemistry..........

Keywords: Ki-67, periodontitis,immunolocalisation

[1]. W. Jonat, N. Arnold. Is the Ki-67 labelling index ready for clinical use? Annals of Oncology 2011;22:500–502.
[2]. Preethi PL, Rao SR, Madapusi BT, Narasimhan M. Immunolocalization of Ki-67 in different periodontal conditions. J Indian Soc
Periodontol 2014;18:161-5.
[3]. Mehregan Darius, Mehregan David. Immunohistochemistry: A prognostic as well as diagnostic tool. Seminars in cutaneous
medicine and surgery 1996;15:317-325.
[4]. Mohamed S Ayoub, Houry M Baghdadi, Moataz El-Kholy. Immunohistochemical detection of laminin-1 and Ki-67 in radicular
cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. BMC Clinical Pathology 2011;11:4-6.
[5]. Carrillo C, Peñarrocha M.A, Peñarrocha M, Vera-Sempere F, Peñarrocha. Immunohistochemical study of langerhans cells in
periapical lesions correlation with inflammatory cell infiltration and epithelial cell proliferation. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal
2010;15 (2):335-9.

Abstract: Background: Stroke is a serious life threatening condition which continues to be a major public health problem leading to death and severe neurologic disability. Dyslipidaemia refers to the presence of abnormal levels of lipids or lipoproteins in the blood. Dyslipidaemia is a major risk factor for cerebral infarction. Therefore this study was designed to find out the patterns of dyslipidaemia in cases of acute ischaemic stroke and its relation to age and sex..........

Keywords: Dyslipidemia , Lipids, Stroke, and Abuja

[1]. Ogun SA, Ojini FI, Ogungbo B, Kolapo KO, Danesi MA: Stroke in south west Nigeria. A 10 year review. Stroke 2005, 36:1120–
1122.
[2]. Hanky GJ, Spiesser J, Hakimi Z, et al. (2007): Rate, degree, and predictors of recovery from disability following ischemic stroke.
Neurol.; 68(19): 1583-7.
[3]. Mohiuddin SM, Pepine CJ, Kelly MT, et al. (2009): Efficacy and safety of ABT-335 (fenofibric acid) in combination with
simvastatin in patients with mixed dyslipidemia: a phase 3, randomized, controlled study. American Heart Journal, 157:195-203.
[4]. Xing XY, Li GW, Yao CH, et al. (2009): The association of stroke high plasma low density lipoprotein cholesterol level and
metabolic syndrome in chinese adults. Chin J Intern Med; 48(5):388-391.
[5]. Bharosay A, Bharosay VV, Bandyopadhyay D, SodaniA,Varma M, Baruah H. Effect of lipid profile upon prognosis in ischemic
and haemorrhagic cerebrovascular stroke. Indian J ClinBiochem. 2014;29(3):372-6.

Abstract: Materials and Methods: 15 single rooted premolars were selected and middle portion of each root was sectioned perpendicular to the long axis to produce two discs of 2.00 ± 0.05 mm thickness using a diamond disk. 30 root slices were produced and canal lumen was widened using Gates Glidden drills to produce standardized internal diameter of 1.3mm and root sections were filled with ERRM, MTA and Biodentine. Root sections were randomly divided into two subgroups and immersed in PBS for 1 week and 3 weeks. The bond strength was measured using universal testing machine and the failure modes were determined by using stereomicroscope. Results: The bond strength of ERRM was found to be higher at both incubation periods:........

Keywords: Bond Strength, Endosequence Root Repair Material; Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Biodentine.

[1]. Bonson S, Jeansonne BG, Lallier TE. Root-end filling materials alter fibroblast differentiation. J Dent Res 2004; 83:408–13.
[2]. Hashem AA, Wanees Amin SA. The effect of acidity on dislogdment resistance of mineral trioxide aggeregate and bioaggregate in
furcation perforations:an in vitri comparative study. J Endod. 2012 Feb; 38(2):245-9.
[3]. Alanezi AZ, Jiang J, Safavi KE, Spangberg LS, Zhu Q. Cytotoxicity evaluation of endosequence root repair material. Oral Surg
Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol En-dod. 2010 Mar;109(3):e122-5.
[4]. Hansen SW, Marshall JG, Sedgley CM. Comparison of intracanal EndoSequence Root Repair Material and ProRoot MTA to induce
pH changes in simulated root resorption de-fects over 4 weeks in matched pairs of human teeth. J Endod. 2011 Apr;37(4):502-6.
[5]. Ma J, Shen Y, Stojicic S, Haapasalo M. Biocompatibility of two novel root repair ma-terials. J Endod. 2011 Jun;37(6):793-8.

Abstract: Recent years have seen the emergence and identification of a large number of genes responsible for constitutional bone diseases. Among these, congenital syndrome or the Leri weill dyschondrosteosis is important which includes a wide spectrum of disease ranging from Langer mesomelic dysplasia, the most severe phenotype to the isolated Madelung deformity This condition is caused by a mutation or haploinsufficiency of the short stature homeobox (SHOX) gene which is located on both the X and Y chromosomes. This gene is essential for the development of the skeleton. It plays a particularly important role in the growth and maturation of bones in the arms and legs. We report observations about two patients and their family history.

Keywords: Shox gene, Madelung deformity, short stature, bone disease

[1]. bernasconi s, mariani s, falcinelli c, et al. (2002). "shox gene in leri-weill syndrome and in idiopathic short stature.". j. endocrinol. invest. 24 (9): 737–41. doi:10.1007/bf03343919.pmid 11716161.

[2]. "shox - short stature homeobox - genetics home reference". u.s. national library of medicine. 2005-09-01. retrieved 2008-02-18.

[3]. bernasconi s, mariani s, falcinelli c, milioli s, iughetti l, forabosco a. shox gene in leri-weill syndrome and in idiopathic short stature. [4]. j endocrinol invest. 2001 oct;24(9):737-41.

[5]. Rappold G, Blum WF, Shavrikova PE, et al.Génotypes et les phénotypes de petitestaille : les indicateurs cliniques de haploinsuffisance du gène SHOX. J Med Genet 2007 44:306-13