iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-6 ~ June-2016

Abstract: Post operative adhesions account for more than 90% of the total intra-abdominal adhesions. The aim of the study isto study the incidence, sex ratio, prevalence,symptomatology of post-operative adhesions following various abdominal incisions and surgeries and analyze modalities of management. Place of Study Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital, Annamalai Nagar....................

Keywords: Adhesions, Post-op, Obstruction , Infertility, Appendicectomy

[1]. Di Zerega GS. " Biochemical Events in peritoneal tissue repair " Eur J Surg1997 :Suppl 577 : 10-16
[2]. DIZerega GS. The peritoneum ; post-surgical repair and adhesions formation. In Rock JA ,Murohy AA, Jones HW,eds. Female
reproductive Surgery. Boston : Williams and Wilkins 1992: 2-18.
[3]. Coleman MG, McLain AD , Moran BJ. Impact of previous surgery on time taken for incision and division of Adhesions during
laparotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 2000 : 43:1297-99
[4]. Rangabashyam N. Reoperations in abdominal surgery and special references to adhesions – Newer concepts to prevent adhesions.
IV International surgical Conference of Society of Surgeons of Nepal, 1998, March.
[5]. Rangabashyam N. Reoperative Surgery for bowel obstruction following Abdominal operation, Methods of intestinal decompression
and difficulties in abdominal closure. ASICON, New Delhi, December 2000.

Abstract: Fistula in ano is the benign anorectal condition, but became a major problem for surgeon to cure he disease. Our review article focuses on many older techniques for fistula in ano( fistulotomy, fistulectomy, SETON treatment) and newer techniques ( fibrin glue injection, fibrin plug, LIFT procedure, Endoanal advancement flap, stem cell therapy) and pitfalls.

Keywords: Fistula in ano, fistulectomy ,fistulotomy, LIFT procedure, SETON treatment

[1]. Tan KK, Tan IJ, Lim FS, Koh DC, Tsang CB. The anatomy of failures following the ligation of intersphincteric tract technique for
anal fistula 2011; 54: 1368-1372 [PMID: 21979180]
[2]. Tang GL, Chew SP, Seow-Choen F. Prospective randomized trial of drainage alone vs drainage and fistulotomy for acute perianal
abscesses with proven internal opening. Dis. Colon Rectum 1996; 39: 1415–17.
[3]. Jivapaisarnpong P. Core out fistulectomy, anal sphincter reconstruction J Med Assoc Thai 2009; 92: 638-642 [PMID: 19459524]
[4]. Miller GV, Finan PJ. Flap advancement and core fistulectomy for complex rectal fistula. Br J Surg 1998; 85: 108-110 [PMID:
9462397]
[5]. Ho KS, Tsang C, Seow-Choen F, Ho YH, Tang CL, Heah SM, Eu KW. comparing ayurvedic cutting seton and fistulotomy for low
fistula-in-ano. Tech Coloproctol 2001; 5: 137-141

Abstract: Background: Incisional hernia is a hernia arising from previous surgical wound site. Incisional hernia occurs in 2 - 12 % of all patients who undergo abdominal surgeries. There are many surgical techniques available, but consensus is lacking. Aims and objectives: This study aims to analyse the etiological factors ,incidence, mode of presentation ,therapeutic modalities and post operative complications...........

Keywords: Component Separation ,Incisional Hernia, Laparoscopy ,Mesh repair, Onlay, Sublay.

[1]. Patrick J Javid, David C Brooks; Hernias; Michael J Zinner, Staley W Ashley; "Maingot‟s abdominal operations, 11th edition"
McGraw Hill, USA,2007, pg 103-104
[2]. I Katedra Chirugrgii Ogolnej CM UJ, Krakow "The history of treatment of groin hernia" Folia Med Cracov, 2008; 49(1-2); 57-74;
[3]. Lorelei J Grunwaldt, Steven D Schwaitzberg, David W Rattner "Is Laparoscopic Inguinal Hernia Repair an Operation of the Past?"
jamcollsurg.2004.10.033
[4]. R. Van Hee "History of inguinal hernia repair." Jumalul de Chirurgie, Iasi, 2011, Vol. 7, Nr. 3[ISSN 1584 – 9341]
[5]. John E. Skandalakis, Gene I, Colbom, Thomas A. Weidman, Roger S. Foster, Jr., Andrew N. Kingsnorth, Lee J. Skandalakis
"Shandalakis‟ Surgical Anatomy" Paschalidis medical publication, Greece, 2004.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate prospectively the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in women presenting with threatened miscarriage. Method: A prospective study was performed on 70 women presenting with bleeding in first and early second trimester and 70 asymptomatic age matched controls. Main outcome measures included gestational age and weight at delivery and incidence of adverse pregnancy outcome...............

Keywords: ...................

[1]. Mulik V, Bethel J, Bhal K. A retrospective population- based study of primigravid women on the potential effect of threatened
miscarriage on obstetric outcome. J Obstet Gynaecol. 2004 Apr;24(3):249-253.
[2]. Verma SK, Premi HK, Gupta TV, Thakur S, Gupta KB, Randhawa I. Perinatal outcome of pregnancies complicated by threatened
abortion. J Indian Med Assoc. 1994 Nov;92(11):364-365.
[3]. Hertz JB, Heisterberg L. The outcome of pregnancy after threatened abortion. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 1985;64(2):151-156.
[4]. Batzofin JH, Fielding WL, Friedman EA. Effect of vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy on outcome. Obstet Gynecol. 1984
Apr;63(4):515-518.
[5]. Farrell T, Owen P. The significance of extrachorionic membrane separation in threatened miscarriage. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1996
Sep;103(9):926-928.

Abstract: Hypertension is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in India and worldwide. More than half of people of 60–69 years of age and approximately three-fourths of those 70 years of age and older are affected. Hypertension is the most common condition seen in primary care and leads to myocardial infarction, stroke, renal failure, and death if not detected early and treated appropriately. This clinical study of hypertensive emergencies was done in order to recognize this condition as early as possible, so as to reduce burden associated with it in terms of morbidity and mortality in our society............

[1]. Joint national committee on prevention detection and treatment of high blood pressure .The seventh report of Joint national
committee on prevention detection and treatment of high blood pressure. JAMA 2003; 289: 2560-2572.
[2]. World health report 2002: reducing risks, promoting healthy life. Geneva, Switzerland, world health organization 2002
[3]. Zampaglione et al. Hypertensive urgencies and emergencies. Hypertension1996;27: 144-147
[4]. Ventura et al. Desperate disease, desperate measures: Tackling malignant hypertension in the 1950s. Am Heart J 2001;
142: 197 203.
[5]. Martin J et al: ArquivosBrasileiros de Cardiologia - Volume 83, No 2, August2004.

Abstract: Background: Thousands of lives are lost each year in situations where first aid could have made the difference, which include around 2,500 who asphyxiate from a blocked airway and 29,000 who die from heart attacks. Intervention of first aid would have made a dramatic difference, in the case of choking, or by recognizing lifethreatening signs in the case of heart attack, and caring for someone injured until medical help arrives. Equipped with this knowledge of first aid we can all be the difference between a life lost and a life saved...........

Keywords: Awareness, First aid, Undergraduate, Emergency, First response

[1]. First Aid for Colleges and Universities. KarrenK.J. , Hafen B.Q., Mistovich J.J. and Limmer D.J. 10th ed. Benjammin Cummings;
2011
[2]. St John Ambulance. Dramatic numbers dying from lack of first aid. Available at http://www.sja.org.uk/sja/what-we-do/latestnews/
news-archive/news-stories-from-2010/april/lack-of-first-aid-costs-lives.aspx. Accessed on 21.1.2015
[3]. Al Marzooqi, A.H., Badi, M. & El Jack, A. Road traffic accidents in Dubai, 2002-2008", Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health.
2010; 22(3): 31-39
[4]. Mauritz W, Pelinka LE, Kaff A, Segall B, Fridrich P. First aid measures by bystanders at the place of accident. A prospective,
epidemiologic study in the Vienna area. Wien KlinWochenschr. 2003; 115: 698-704.
[5]. Van de Velde S., Buntinx J.F. , D. Knockaert, B. Nemery de Bellevaux, K. Vandewoude, J. Volmink Evidence-Based Practice In
First Aid. Leuven, Doctoral Thesis in Medical Sciences .2011

Abstract: Introduction - PONV is a major complication after anaesthesia ,present in 20-30% range1.We compared efficacy and tolerance of ramosetron alone and ramosetron plus dexamethasone for PONV prohylaxis in elective ENT surgeries. Method - 60 patients of age 20-60 years ,ASA I and II ,scheduled for elective ENT surgeries were randomized double blindly to receive either 0.3 mg ramosetron ( R group),or o.3 mg ramosetron plus 8mg dexamethasone (R+D group). Pregnancy, known hypersensitivity to both drugs, migraine ,motion sickness were excluded.Chi squre test and Fisher exact test were used for statistic evaluation..............

Keywords: PONV, Ramosetron, Dexamethasone,ENT

[1]. Apfel CC, post operative nausea and vomiting, 7th edition, Churchill-livingstone elesvier publications. Miller's anaesthesia, pp
2729-51.
[2]. Gan T J, Meyer T A, Apfel C C, Chung F. Consensus Guidelines for Managing Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, Anesth
Analg 2003; 97: 62–71.
[3]. Andrew PLR. Physiology of nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth 1992; 69:2-19.
[4]. Anne M Heffernan, David J Rowbotham. Post operative nausea and vomiting- Time for balanced Anti-Emesis? British Journal
of Anaesthesia, Editorial Vol.85 no.5, Nov 2000 page no: 675-7.
[5]. Ryu J H,Chang J E ,Kim H R,Hwang J W,Oh A Y,Do S H.Ramosetron vs. ramosetron plus dexamethasone for the
prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Prospective,
randomized, and double-blind study;Int j surg 2013;11: 183-7.

Abstract: Background: Endoscopic sub mucosal dissection (ESD) is an expeditive surgical technology and has been a popular because of its technical simplicity, improvements and good outcomes all over the globe. ESD shown to be effective in early gastric cancer patients, but it is also has some complications and indications as well. We also need to put more efforts and believe that the patient should know positive and negative outcomes of the surgical method and its indications. The main reason of this study was to ensure the output of early gastric patients after having ESD as our first exposure.............

[1]. Och I, Gotoda T.Remarkable progress in endoscopic resection of early gastric. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2009, 24 (8): 1313-1314 Gotoda T.Endoscopic resection of gastric cancer, Gastric cancer 2007, 10(1):1-11
[2]. Oda I, Gotoda T . Sasako M, et al . Treatment strategy after non- curative endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer. Br J Surg, 2008, 95 (12): 1495-1500.
[3]. Dehle P. Largiader F .Jenny S, et al. A method for endoscopic lectroresection of sessile colonic polyp. Endoscopy, 1973, 5(1): 38-40.
[4]. Tada M, Shimada M, Murakami F. Development of the strip-off biopsy. Oastroenterol Endosc, 1984,26 (6): 833.839.
[5]. Takeoshi T, Baba Y, Ota H, et a1. Endoscopic resection of early gastric carcinoma: results of a retrispective analysis of 308 c8 moth. Endoscopy, 1994,26 (5): 352-358.

Abstract: Aim: To estimate the level of serum insulin in polycystic ovarian disease (PCOS). To compare the status of insulin resistance in obese and non-obese PCOS. Material And Method: This study was conducted in the department of Biochemistry, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College, Jamshedpur. A total of 102 cases were studied. The study subjects were selected from patients visiting the out patient department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Age of the patients were between 14 and 45 years. Serum insulin and fasting plasma glucose were measured in these patients..........

Keywords: Serum insulin, polycystic ovarian disease, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia.

[1]. Teede H, Deeks A, Moran L (2010). "Polycystic ovarian syndrome: A complex condition with Psychological, reproductive and metabolic manifestation that impacts on health across the lifespan. BMC. Med 8 (1): 41. doi;10.1186/1741-7015-8-41.
[2]. How many people are affected or at risk of PCOS? http://www.nichd.nih.gov. 2013-05-23. Retrieved 13 March 2015.
[3]. Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) condition information. American college of Obstetricians & Gynaecologists (2011). Polycystic ovary syndrome
[4]. Mayo clinic staff (04 April 2011). Polycystic ovary syndrome- mayo clinic.com retrieved 15 November 2015.
[5]. Stein IF ML. Amenorrhoea associated with bilateral polycystic ovaries. Am J obstet Gynaecol 1935; 29: 181-191.

Abstract: Beta thalassemiatrait is a variant of beta thalassemia, which is a heterozygous state withfeatures of mild anaemia, hypochromic microcytic red cells and elevated HbA2.Distal renal tubular acidosis (type I RTA) is an important cause of rachitic deformities, failure to thrive and hypokalemia.It ischaracterised by persistent severe metabolic acidosis. The proximal tubular reabsorption of bicarbonate is normal.Persistant acidosis and hypercalciuria leads to nephrocalcinosis.

Keywords: Beta thalassemia trait, Distal renal tubular acidosis (type I), Failure to thrive,Nephrocalcinosis Rachitic deformities.

[1]. Pediatric nephrology ,Arvind Bagga 5th edition page no 302,303
[2]. Nelson Textbook of paediatrics ,20th edition ,page 2529
[3]. Aldudak B, KarabayBayazit A, Noyan A, et al. Renal function in paediatric patients with beta-thalassemia major. PediatrNephrol
2000;15(1-2):109-12.
[4]. Cetin T, Oktenli C, Ozgurtas T, et al. Renaltubular dysfunction in beta-thalassemia minor.Am J Kidney Dis 2003;42(6):1164-8.
[5]. Oktenli C, Bulucu F. Renal tubular dysfunction in a patient with beta-thalassemia minor. Nephron 2002;92(1):222-3

Abstract: Man has been determined for generations to improve his outlook, his appearance- the aesthetic value. Appearance does count at any age. The face and the teeth have also come to play a part in his presentation to the outside world. To enhance this desire, attention has been given to correct malformations of teeth. In earlier times this was done by crude methods. And then evolved the concept of braces; fixed on the labial surfaces. Esthetic requirements repels adult patient from accepting traditional metallic look orthodontic appliance.............

Keywords: Clear Aligner, Esthetic Brackets, Esthetic Wire, Invisible Orthodontics, Lingual Orthodontics

[1]. Sarver DM, Ackerman JL, Orthodontics about face: the re-emergence of the esthetic paradigm, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 117, 2000, 575-6.
[2]. Meier B, Wiemer KB, Miethke R, Invisalign—patient profiling, J Orofac Orthop ,64,2003,352-8.
[3]. Joffe L, Invisalign: early experiences, J Orthod, 30, 2003, 348-52.
[4]. Djeu G, Shelton C, Maganzini A, Outcome assessment of Invisalign and traditional orthodontic treatment compared with the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 128, 2005, 292-8.
[5]. Ziuchkovski JP, Fields HW, Johnston W, Lindsey D, Assessment of perceived orthodontic appliance attractiveness, Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop, 133(Suppl), 2008, S68-78.

Abstract: Conventional Way Of Endodontic Treatment Is Based Upon Feel Not The Sight; However The Other Adjunct Like Radiograph And Electronic Apex Locator As Produced Surprising Success. But Still In Long Term There Is Significant Failure Rate. Magnification Increases The Ability Of Operator To Visualise Even The Smallest Detail For Proper Diagnosis And Treatment Of Dental Pathology. Despite Their High Cost, Integration Of Dental Operating Microscope Into An Endodontic Practice As Improve The Quality Of Treatment And Ergonomics.

Keywords: ...............

[1]. Weller N, NiemczykS,Kim S. The incidence and position of the canal isthmus :part1 .The mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first
molar .J Endod 1995 ;21(7): 380-3
[2]. Garry B. Carr ,CarlosA.F.Murgel . The use of the operating microscope in endodontics . Dent Clin N Am 54 (2010) 191-214
[3]. Carr GB. Common errors in periradicular surgery .Endod Rep 1993;8(1): 12-8
[4]. Carr GB. Microscope in endodontics .J. Calif Dent Assoc 1992;20 (11) :55-61
[5]. Baldassari –Cruz LA ,Lilly JP, Rivera EM. The influence of dental operating microscope in locating the mesiolingual canal orifice .
Oral Surgery Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod .2002 Feb ;93 (2):190-4

Abstract: The hereditary condition known as ectodermal dysplasia is characterized by the absence or defect of 2 or more ectodermally derived structures. A case of 8 year old child with hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia with partial anodontia is presented here. Common dental, oral, and physical conditions were taken into consideration. Clinical management consisted of removable complete denture to improve psychological development and to promote better functioning of the stomatognathic system

Keywords: child, partial anodontia, hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia, prosthetic treatment

[1]. Pinheiro M. Freire-Maia N. Ectodermal dysplasias: A clinical classification and a causal review. Am J Med Genet 1994; 53: 153-162.
[2]. Priolo M, Silengo M, Lerone M, Ravazzolo R. Ectodenmal dysplasias: Not only "skin" deep. Clin Genet 2000; 58: 415-430.
[3]. McLaughlin WS. Congenital absence of all primary and permanent lateral incisors in a carrier of X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. Int J Paed Dent 1991; 2: 99-103.
[4]. Clarke A. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. J Med Genet 1987; 24:659-663.
[5]. Gorlin RJ, Cohen MM, Hennekarn RCMP. Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia. In: House J (ed). Syndromes of the Head and Neck. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001: 540-542.
[6]. Bakre H, Rapp R, Hadeed G. Clinical management of ectodermal dysplasia. J Clin Pediatr Dent 1995; 19: 21.167-172.

Abstract: Background: Periodontal disease has been labeled as the sixth complication of the diabetes. Abnormal collagen metabolism, abnormal polymorphonuclear cell function and altered sulcular microbial flora progresses periodontitis among diabetic patients. Aim: To find out the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease among Non-insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus Patients in srinagar city jammu and kashmir India.........

Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, severity, Srinagar, periodontitis

[1]. Agarwal V, Khatri M, Singh G, Gupta G, Marya CM, Kumar V. Prevalence of periodontal diseases in India. J Oral Health Comm
Dent 2010;4:7‑ 16.
[2]. Nagarajan S, Pushpanjali K. Self‑ assessed and clinically diagnosed periodontal health status among patients visiting the outpatient
department of a dental school in Bangalore, India. Indian J Dent Res 2008;19:243‑ 6.
[3]. Corbet EF. Periodontal diseases in Asians. J Int Acad Periodontol 2006;8:136‑ 44
[4]. Albandar JM, Rams TE. Global epidemiology of periodontal diseases: An overview. Periodontol 2000. 2002;29:7‑ 10.
[5]. Awuti G, Younusi K, Li L, Upur H, Ren J. Epidemiological survey on the prevalence of periodontitis and diabetes mellitus in
Uyghur adults from rural Hotan area in Xinjiang. Exp Diabetes Res 2012;2012:758921.

Abstract: Oral lichen Planus(OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous autoimmune disease that mostly affects middle-aged females. Various factors including psychological stress , drugs and various systemic conditions has been linked to the etiopathogenesis of OLP. It has got several variants including reticular, erosive, atrophic and ulcerative-types. Erosive and atrophic variants have been most often linked to increased risk of developing into squamous cell carcinoma, hence such variants requires prompt diagnosis and treatment........

Keywords: corticosteroids, curcuminoids ,erosive lichen planus, , oral lichen planus, tacrolimus

[1]. Maiara DM, Felipe RDM, Joabe DSP and Ericka JDDS,Oral lichen planus: two case reports in male patients;Rev Odonto Cienc 2010;25:208-12.
[2]. Einsen D., The clinical features, malignant potential, and systemic associations of oral lichen planus: a study of 723 patients; J Am Acad Dermatol 2002;46:207-14.
[3]. Srinivas K, Aravinda K, Ratnakar P, Nigam N, Gupta S, Oral lichen planus - Review on etiopathogenesis; Natl J Maxillofac Surg 2011;2:15-6
[4]. Scully C, Carrozzo M, Oral mucosal disease: Lichen planus; Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008;46:15-21.
[5]. PC Edwards and R Kelsch, Oral lichen planus:clinical presentation and management;J Can Dent Assoc 2002; 68(8):494-9

Abstract: One of the main goals of periapical surgery is to maintain an endodontically infected tooth that cannot be otherwise maintained by conventional endodontic procedures. Maintenance of such tooth has become more predictable now with the advent of newer diagnostic tools, materials and surgical instruments. Success rates of up to 90% have been reported in various clinical studies. Various instruments are designed and are available in the market and hence it will be appropriate to discuss about those that are of significance to the microscopic component of peri apical surgery. The main objective of our review is to give a complete update on apical surgery to the reader.

Keywords: Periapical, Surgery, Endodontically, Microscopic, Tooth

[1]. S. Kim. Modern Endodontic Practice. Dental Clinics of North America 2004.
[2]. Britto LR, Veazey WS, Manasse GR. Personal video monitor as an accessory to dental operating microscopes. Quintessence Int.
2004 Feb;35(2):151-4.
[3]. Lloyd H. Advanced endodontics - Clinical retreatment and surgery.Br Dent J. 2006 May 13;200(9):532-3.
[4]. Franklin S. Weine. Textbook of Endodontic Therapy- sixth edition
[5]. Maltezos C, Glickman GN, Ezzo P, He J. Comparison of the sealing of Resilon, Pro Root MTA, and Super-EBA as root-end filling
materials: a bacterial leakage study. J Endod. 2006 Apr;32(4):324-7. Epub 2006 Feb 7.

Abstract: Introduction: Variceal bleeding is a major complication of portal hypertension and is a leading cause of death in patients with cirrhosis. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of variceal bleeding and to identify the etiology of cirrhosis. To assess the intervention during endoscopy and to determine the outcome of intervention. Methodology: A retrospective observational study on 95 consecutive patients referred for endoscopy with the first episode of variceal bleeding was conducted in Hospital Sultan Abdul Halim, Kedah from 1st of January 2013 till 31st of December 2013. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007............

Keywords: Cirrhosis, Outcome, Prevalence, Treatment, Variceal bleed

[1]. Ministry of Health Malaysia. Management of Acute Variceal Bleeding. Clinical Practice Guideline (CPG) 2007.

[2]. Yew BS, Ong WC, Chow WC, Lui HF. A study into the characteristics and outcome of variceal bleeding in a tertiary hospital in Southeast Asia. Medical Journal of Malaysia. 2007; 62(3):201.

[3]. Jamal MM, Samarasena JB, Hashemzadeh M, Vega KJ. Declining hospitalization rate of esophageal variceal bleeding in the United States. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2008; 6(6):689-95.

[4]. Mallick KK, Mohammad Kamil NA. Common Causes of Gastrointestinal Bleeding Diagnosed by Endoscopy/Colonoscopy at Hospital Sultanah Bahiyah, Alor Setar, Malaysia. IIOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2014; 13: 36-41.

[5]. D'Amico G, De Franchis R. Upper digestive bleeding in cirrhosis. Post‐therapeutic outcome and prognostic indicators. Hepatology. 2003; 38(3):599-612.

Abstract: Fahr's disease is a rare, degenerative neurological condition which is characterized by idiopathtic calcification of the basal ganglia and dentate nuclei. Neuropsychiatric, extra pyramidal & cerebellar symptoms, convulsive seizures, parkinsonian features, dementia and speech disorders may accompany the clinical picture. There are also cases without neurological signs, which have been reported. This disease usually appears between the age of 40-60 years. We discuss one such case which came to us with typical neuro psychiatric presentations.............

Keywords: Fahr's syndrome, Bilateral intracranial calcification, Extrapyramidal, Parkinson'sdisease, intracerebral calcinosis & dysarthria.

[1]. Lam JS, Fong SY, Yiu GC, Wing YK. Fahr's disease: a differential diagnosis of frontal lobe syndrome. Hong Kong Med J.
2007;13(1):75-77.
[2]. Kotan D, Aygul R. Familial Fahr's disease in a Turkish family. South Med J. 2009;102(1):85-86.
[3]. Swami A, Kar G: Intracranial hemorrhage revealing pseudohypoparathyroidism as a cause of fahr syndrome. Case Reports in
Neurological Medicine. 2011, 2011: 407567.
[4]. Asokan AG, D'Souza S, Jeganathan J, Pai S: Fahr's Syndrome- An Interesting Case Presentation. Journal of Clinical and
Diagnostic Research: JCDR. 2013, 7 (3): 532-533.
[5]. Zisimopoulou V, Siatouni A, Tsoukalos G, Tavernarakis A, Gatzonis S: Extensive bilateral intracranial calcifications: a case of
iatrogenic hypoparathyroidism. Case Reports in Medicine. 2013, 2013: 932184.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of marginal adaptation of White Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and Grey mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) in lased and unlased canal walls. Methodology: Twenty extracted teeth were divided into group A and group B with 10 teeth in each group. Group I uses white MTA and Group II uses grey MTA as barrier material. Two groups were subdivided into A and B with 5 teeth in each group. After creating a divergent open apex conventional root canal treatment was performed in all the teeth and obturated 5mm short of apex.............

Keywords: White MTA, Grey MTA, Diode Laser, Image J software

................................

Abstract: Periodontitis is an extremely prevalent inflammatory disease induced by microbes leading to destruction of the tooth-supporting structures. Activation of host immune response by invading organisms results in the characteristic periodontitis. Most of the damage and the clinical signs of periodontitis are due to host inflammatory response. This modality of treatment is targeted to regulate immune and inflammatory response by maintaining the balance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory mediators. It could be applied both locally and systemically as adjunct to conventional treatment modalities. HMT can be used to lessen enzymes, prostanoids, cytokines..............

Keywords: Periodontitis, cytokines, host modulation therapy

[1]. Newman M. J, Takei H. Carranza F. A, Carranza . Ed(9th), Carranza's Clinical Periodontology(W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 2003 ) Page 67.
[2]. Bascones-Martínez A, Muñoz-Corcuera M, Noronha S, Mota P, 4. Bascones-Ilundain C, Campo-Trapero J. Host defence mechanisms against bacterial aggression in periodontal disease: Basic mechanisms. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 14, 2009, 680-5
[3]. Gulati M, Anand V, Govila V, Jain N. Host modulation therapy: An indispensable part of perioceutics. J Indian Soc Periodontol18(3), 2014, 282-8.
[4]. Wahab S and Hussain. A. Cytokines as targets for immunomodulation. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci. 5( 3),2013, 60-64.
[5]. Zhang J. M , and An.J. Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain.IntAnesthesiolClin. Spring; 45(2),2007, 27–37.

Abstract: Drug-related hair loss is not always easy to diagnose, above all because many different causal factors may be involved and the evaluation of the role played by each of these agents may be difficult. We report here a case of anagen effluvium causedby anti-epileptic and mood-stabilizing drug, sodium valproate.Medication-induced alopecia is an occasional side effect of many drugs.Sodium valproate is a wellestablished treatment in epilepsy and mood disorders. Its utility is compromised by its adverse effects such as tremor, weight gain, hair loss, and liver dysfunction. Hair loss may occur when drug is used in higher dose. Drug-induced hair loss is diffused and non-scarring, which is reversible upon withdrawal. Valproate induced hair loss is rare ADR of this drug.

[1]. Wilting I, van Laarhoven JH, de Koning-Verest IF, Egberts AC. Valproic acid- induced hair-texture changes in a white
woman. Epilepsia. 2007;48:400–1.
[2]. Lamer V, Lipozencić J, Turcić P. Adverse cutaneous reactions to psychopharmaceuticals.ActaDermatovenerol Croat. 2010;18:56–
67.
[3]. oseinali E, Sadollah S, Shahriar SE. Frequency of sodium valproate-induced hair loss and curly hair. Iran J
PharmacolTher. 2005;4143–5.
[4]. DesplandPA.Tolerance to and unwanted effects of valproate sodium.SchweizRundsch Med Prax 1994; 83: 1132–1139.
[5]. Mercke Y, Sheng H, Khan T, Lippmann S. Hair loss in psychopharmacology. Ann Clin Psychiatry. 2000;12:35–42.

Abstract: Studies in areas of psychiatric and thyroid disorders have shown positive correlation with duration and type of treatment. This has a lot of implication for prognosis and treatment response. Studies on the coexistence of thyroid dysfunction and major psychiatric disorders in the Indian population are limited. Hence this observational analytical study was carried out to evaluate and compare the presence of thyroid dysfunction in psychiatric patients and vice versa in a tertiary hospital-based inpatient sample. 221 patients aged above 20 years diagnosed with psychiatric disorder (defined by ICD-10 criteria) were included in the study...............

Keywords: Lithium, Mood disorders, Olanzapine, Psychiatric disorders, Schizophrenia, Thyroid dysfunction, Valproate

[1]. Williams GR. Neurodevelopmental and neurophysiological actions of thyroid hormone. J Neuroendocrinol 2008; 20 : 784-94.
[2]. Livingstone C, Rampes H. Lithium: a review of its metabolic adverse effects. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20 : 347-55.
[3]. Bauer M, Goetz T, Glenn T, Whybrow PC (2008) The thyroid–brain interaction in thyroid disorders and mood disorders.J Neuroendocrinol 20:1101–1114] and hyperthyroidism may increase the risk of developing bipolar disorders .
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Abstract: Abstract: Implant treatment is an attractive substitute to the traditional prosthetic appliances. However, diabetes mellitus has long been considered a relative contraindication to dental implant therapy. In this case report, we present the results of an immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets of mandibular anterior teeth and the implantation of the edentulous posterior mandibular regions in a diabetic patient. A 60- year old male diabetic patient presented with severe mobile lower anterior teeth and edentulous posterior areas. Lower teeth were extracted and immediate implants were placed. Additionally, implantation of the edentulous posterior regions was carried out. The follow up period showed stability of the implants and confirmed a satisfactory treatment result.

Keywords: Dental implants, diabetes, fresh extraction socket, immediate placement

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Abstract: Hydatid disease is a worldwide zoonosis produced by the larval stage of the Echinococcus tapeworm. The two main types of hydatid disease are caused by E.granulosus and E.multilocularis. Dogs or other carnivores are definitive hosts, whereas sheep or other ruminants are intermediate hosts. Humans are secondarily infected by the ingestion of food or water that has been contaminated by dog faeces containing the eggs of the parasite. It may develop in almost any part of the body, Hydatid is often manifested as a slow growing cystic mass...............

Keywords: Hydatidosis, endemic, ultrasonography, surgery

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Abstract: Objective: To study the occurrence and management of adverse effects associated with the use of anticancer drugs in a tertiary care hospital in south India. Methods: It was a Retrospective, descriptive study. Patients receiving chemotherapy were interviewed for information on type of adverse effects and other pertinent information like demographics, diagnosis, treatment, drugs used to manage the adverse effects were collected from the patients. The data was categorized based on type of cancers, adverse effects and agents used to manage the adverse effects..............

Keywords: Adverse effects, Premedications, Educational intervention, Preventive measures

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Abstract: 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is the basis of most combination chemotherapies for gastrointestinal tumours and breast cancers. It is generally well tolerated, but side-effects might require dose-adjustment. As adverse events are not specific to the 5-FU component of the chemotherapy-combination, i.e. neutropenia, diarrhoea or cardiotoxicity, the knowledge of 5-FU plasma levels might help to attribute these side effects to the 5-FU compound. The optimal concentration-range (AUC, area under the curve) has been described to be within 20- 25mgh/l. The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of 5-FU in plasma for routine therapeutic drug monitoring. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) had been used for the determination of 5- FU in human plasma...............

Keywords: 5-fluorouracil,Therapeutic Drug Monitoring, High Performance Liquid Chromatography

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