iosr-JDMS   Volume-15 ~ Issue-9 ~ September-2016

Abstract: 75% of calcaneal fractures are intra articular. Treating calcaneal fractures is a challenge for orthopaedic surgeon due to the complex fracture pathology. A wide range of treatment options varying from non operative to operative methods are available. The purpose of this study is to assess the functional outcome of surgically treated intrarticular calcaneal fractures along with certain important tips and observations made during this case study.

Keywords: Calcaneum ,intrarticular, plating, modified rowe scale,screw fixation.

[1]. Fitzgibbons TC, McMullen ST, Mormino MA. Fractures and dislocations of the calcaneum. In: Bucholz RW and Heckman JD Eds. Rockwood and Green's Factures in adults, Vol.3, 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2001: 2133-2179.
[2]. Leung KS, Yuen KM, Chan WS. Operative treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the Calcaneum. J Bone Joint Surg (Br). 1993; 75:196-201
[3]. Sanders R, Fortin P, Diapasquale T, Walling A. Operative treatment in 120 displaced calcaneal fractures: results using a prognostic computed tomography scan classification. Clin Orthop. 1993; 290:295
[4]. Sanders R. Intra-articular fractures of the calcaneum: present state of the art. J Orthop Trauma. 1996; 6:252-265.
[5]. Crosby LA, Fitzgibbons TC. Open reduction and internal fixation of type II intra-articular calcaneum fractures. Foot Ankle Int. 1996; 17:253-258

Abstract: Background: Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most common general surgical operations.Repair of inguinal hernia has two ways.One is anterior approach and the other is posterior approach.Second one has low reccurence. Here,the aim is to study the outcomes of STOPPA'S REPAIR in various parameters. Methods: 50 patients were operated in our study in all patients with B/L Inguinal Hernia.Primary end point was reccurence and secondary end points were per operative complications and other postoperative complications............

Keywords:- Mesh , Preperitoneal space Stoppa's Repair

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Abstract: Background: Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive inflammatory disordercharacterized by irreversible destruction of pancreatic parenchyma. Main indication for surgery is intractable abdominal pain . Objectives: The study is intended to know the etiology, incidence, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation and the outcome of the following three methods of surgical management chronic pancreatitis namely..........

Keywords: Anastomosis,Complicationsfrey's procedure, izbicke's procedure puestowgillesby procedure

[1]. Markowitz JS, Rattner DW, Warshaw AL. Failure of symptomatic relief after pancreaticojejunal decompression for chronic
pancreatitis.ArchSurg 1994; 129:374-380.
[2]. Nealon WH, Thompson JC. Progressive loss of pancreatic function in chronic pancreatitis is delayed by main pancreatic duct
decompression.AnnSurg 1993;217:458-468.

Abstract: Spray paint is an aerosol product designed to be dispensed as a fine mist. Compared to conventional brush methods of painting, spray painting is faster and provides a more uniform application. While industrial spray painting relies on special air compressors that break the paint particles into a fine mist, commercial spray paints are self-contained aerosol cans that use liquefied gasses to atomize the paint. The 72 workers interviewed were males and were from Thrissur district, Kerala state, India. The 72 % had more than 10 years of exposure at the time of interview................

Keywords: Spray paint workers, epidemiology, occupational hazards

[1]. Turner, G P (1980). Introduction to Paint Chemistry and Principles Paint Technology.2nd Ed Londan-New York, Chapman and Hall 108-134.
[2]. Piña-Calva A., Madrigal-Bujaidar E., Fuentes M. V., Neria P., Perez-Lucio C. and Velez-Zamora N. M, Increased Frequency of
Chromosomal Aberrations in Railroad Car Painters, Archives of Environmental Health: An International Journal, 46 (6). 1991,
335-339.
[3]. Dupont J, On the solid, liquid and solution structural organization of imidazolium ionic liquids, Journal of the Brazilian Chemical
Society. 15 (3), 2004, 341-350.
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[5]. Temel, O., Sakar Coskun, A., Yaman, N., Sarioglu, N., Alkaç, C., Konyar, I and Yorgancioglu A, Occupational asthma in welders
and painters. Tuberk Toraks, 58(1), 2010, 64-70.

Abstract: Background: Preoperative hematocrit estimation has been one of the basic routine requirements before an anaesthetic is administered. Non availability of hematocrit result or a value less than 30% often led to cancellation of an elective surgery by the anaesthetist. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of anemia among adult patients presenting for day case surgery in two Nigerian Tertiary Hospitals. Patients and method: The hematocrit levels of patients, 16 years or above, who presented for ambulatory surgery at two tertiary healthcare facilities in Southern Nigeria over a three year period were retrospectively examined for prevalence of anemia.............

Keywords: Adult patients, ambulatory surgery, anemia, developing countries, low prevalence

[1]. Kotur, PF. Is it necessary to estimate haemoglobin level routinely prior to surgery? Indian Journal of Anaesthesia, 50(2), 2006, 148 – 149
[2]. Olson RP, Stone A, Lubarsky D. The Prevalence and Significance of Low Preoperative Hemoglobin in ASA 1 or 2 Outpatient Surgery Candidates. Anesth Analg 101, 2005,1337–1340
[3]. Haemoglobin concentrations for the diagnosis of anaemia and assessment of severity. World Health organisation 2011 WHO/NMH/NHD/MNM/11.1
[4]. Goodnough LT, Dubois, RW, Nissenson AR, Anemia: Not Just an Innocent Bystander? Arch Intern Med,163(23), 2003, 1400 -1404
[5]. Carson JL, Spence RK, Poses RM, Bonavita G. Severity of Anaemia and Operative Mortality and Morbidity. Lancet 2, 1988, 727 - 729

Abstract: Post-traumatic pseudarthrosis of tibia is a known complication of open tibial fractures in adults usually occurring from high velocity injuries due to road traffic accidents.We report a case of post traumatic neglected, severely angulated, grossly deformed pseudarthrosis non union of tibia successfully managed with the use of free non-vascularised fibular strut graft.At surgery ,the sclerotic fracture fragments were excised,angulation corrected and ipsilateral free non-vascularised fibular strut graft harvested & inserted in the medullary cavity of tibia augmented by simple uniplanar external pin fixator for mechanical stabilization.Thre months after surgery radiograph showed uniting fracture and at four months external fixator was removed.At six months it showed solid union with well functioning limb.

Keywords: external fixator ,non-vascularised, pseudarthrosis, sclerotic surface, union.

[1]. De Boer HH,Wood MB. Bone changes in the vascularised fibular graft.J.Bone Joint.Surg.1989;71-B:374-378.
[2]. Delgado-Martinez AD,Rodriguez-Merchan EC,Olsen B. Pseudoarthrosis Of Tibia,1996;20;192-199.
[3]. Enneking WF,Eady JL,Burchardt H. Autogenous Cortical bone grafts in the reconstruction of segmental skeletal defects.J.Bone
Joint Surg.1980;62A: 1039-1058.
[4]. Mnaymneh W.Malinin T.Makley JT,Dick HM. Massive osteoarticular allografts in the reconstruction of extremities Clin Orthop
1985;197;76-87.
[5]. Weiland AJ,Moore JR,Daniel RK. Vascularised bone autografts : experience with 41 cases.Clin Orthop 1983 ; 174 : 87-95.

Abstract: Rice bodies were first described in association with tuberculous arthritis in 1895 but now seen most commonly in patients with rheumatoid arthritis(R.A).Rice bodies named after their macroscopic likeness to polished grains of rice are common finding in inflammatory arthropathies like R.A,S.L.E and seronegative arthritides.These are fibrous bodies which may create diagnostic confusion when the patient has no underlying inflammatory disease.We report such a case with a large soft tissue swelling over dorsum of wrist whose surgical exploration revealed rice bodies in the extensor tendons synovial sheath.The patient regained full painless range of motion post-operatively.

Keywords: Dorsum, fibrous , inflammatory, rice bodies, synovial sheath.

[1]. Albrecht M,Marienetti GV,Jacox RF,Vaughan JH- A biochemical and electron microscopy study of rice bodies from rheumatoid
patients.Arthritis rheum 1965;8;1053-1063.
[2]. Popert AJ,Scott DL,Wainwright AC,Walton KW,Williamson N.Chapman JH-Frequency of occurrence,mode of development and
significance of rice bodies in rheumatoid joints.Ann Rheum Dis;1982;41;109-17.
[3]. Reise H.Reiskorpschen in tuberculus erkranken synovalasacken(German) Dtsch Z Chir 1895;42;1
[4]. Cheug HS,Ryan LM,Kozin F,Mccarty DJ-Synovial origins of rice bodies in joint fluid.Arthritis rheuma 1980;23;72-76.
[5]. Amrami KK,Ruggieri AP,Sundaram M.-Radiologic case study Rheumatoid arthritis with rice bodies.Orthopaedics
2004;27;350,426-7.

Abstract: Tuberculosis is the commonest infection among HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) patients. This co-infection constitutes a major death threat in the world. Electrolyte disturbances have been reported in both Tuberculosis (TB) infection lone and TB-HIV co-infected patients. The main objectives of the study is to evaluate electrolyte imbalance among Tuberculosis (TB) patients alone and HIV co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB) patients. A total of 120 subjects participated in this study. They were divided in to 3 groups as follows. Group 1 contains 40 normal healthy controls without TB or HIV infection, group 2 contains 40 new positive cases of HIV co-infected with Tuberculosis (TB)..............

Keywords: Tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Electrolyte imbalance

[1]. M.D. Rafi MD, Text book of Biochemistry for medical students, chapter 41, Immunochemistry, 2nd edition, 748-753.
[2]. U.Satyanarayana, U.Chakrapani. Biochemistry, 4th edition, chapter 38, Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS), 695-700.
[3]. S. Suchindram, S. Emily, Brouwer et al, Is HIV infection a risk factor for multi-drug resistant Tuberculosis? A systemic review. Plosane, 4(5), May 2009, 5561.
[4]. H. Tomioka, K. Namba, development of antituberculous drugs; Current status and future prospects, Kekkaku, 81(12), 2006.

Abstract: Background and Objectives: Underwater massage has been reported to produce a significant number of physiological changes in blood pressure, heart rate variability, autonomic nervous system, and core temperature in young healthy subjects. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact on Regulatory response of Cardiovascular and Autonomic nervous system of neutral and cold underwater massage in healthy individuals. Methodology: The subjects were students of the S.D.M. college of Naturopathy and Yogic Sciences, Ujire, Karnataka. They were randomly divided into two groups. According to the order in which they were recruited, they were allotted alternatively into two groups.

Keywords: Alternative and Complimentary Medicine, ANS, Heart Rate Variability, Hydrotherapy, Naturopathy, Neutral and Cold underwater massage.

[1]. Becker, B.E. (2009). Aquatic therapy: Scientific foundations and clinical rehabilitation applications. PMR, 1(9), 859–871.
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[3]. A. Michalson, R. Rudtke, M. Buhring, G. Spahn, J. Langhorst and G. J. Dobos, "Thermal hydrotherapy improves quality of life and hemodynamic function in patients with chronic heart failure," American Heat Journal, vol. 146, pp.1-6, 2003.
[4]. W.-C. Liao, "Effects of passive body heating on body temperature and sleep regulation in the elderly: a systemic review,"
International Journal of Nursing Studies, vol. 39, pp. 803-810, 2002.
[5]. L.B. Rowell, G. L. Brenglemann, and J. R. Blackman, " Redistribution of blood flow during sustained high skin tempera ture in
resting man," J Applied Physiology, vol. 28, pp. 415-420, 1970.

Abstract: The examination of the hyoid bone in mechanical asphyxial death has a lot of medico legal importance. Most of the studies regarding hyoid bone are related to fractures of bone in cases of hanging, strangulation and throttling, throwing a little light over the artifacts of hyoid bone. Artifacts may be misinterpreted as medico legally significant ante mortem findings. So, the autopsy pathologist should be able to distinguish the artifacts from the significant ante mortem changes. Faulty use of preservatives can cause toxologicalartifacts over hyoid bone.............

Keywords: Hyoid bone, Artifacts, Preservatives, Fractures.

[1]. The essentials of Forensic Medicine-C.J.Polson, D.J. Gee and B.Knight- Fourth Edition.
[2]. Knight's -Forensic Pathology - Third Edition.
[3]. The essentials of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology -Dr.K.S.Narayana Reddy – Eighteenth Edition.
[4]. Hand book of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology -Dr. K.Krishna Reddy - Eighth Edition.
[5]. Text book of Human Osteology-Inderbirsingh – Second Edition – Reprint - 2005.
[6]. Hand book of Osteology.-Dr. S.Poddar – Eleventh Edition.

Abstract: Purpose: To study the incidence of Dry eye syndrome using in people living with Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),attending ART centre in Government General hospital(GGH), Guntur. Study design: Hospital based prospective study. Methodology: This study was conducted in 100 patients attending ART centre in GGH, Guntur for a period of 3 months from January 2016 to March 2016. Every patient was subjected to a dry eye questionnaire, anterior segment examination by slit lamp biomicroscopy, tearfilm breakup time(TBUT) and Schirmer's test, were done..............

Keywords: Schirmer's test, acqeous tear film deficiency, tear film breakup time.

[1]. Krachmer > Volume 1 - Fundamentals and Medical Aspects of Cornea and External Disease > Part V - The Ocular Adnexa > Section 4 - Disorders of Tear Production and the Lacrimal System > Chapter 36 - Dry Eye.
[2]. The definition and classification of dry eye disease: report of the Definition and Classification Subcommittee of the International Dry Eye WorkShop (2007). Ocul Surf 2007; 5:75-92
[3]. Bourcier T, Acosta MC, Borderie V, et al: Decreased corneal sensitivity in patients with dry eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:2341-2345
[4]. Ophthalmology- Myron Yanoff and Jay S Duker – 4th edition – Part 4 – Section 6 – page no: 325
[5]. Lemp MA: Report of the National Eye Institute/Industry Workshop on clinical trials in dry eyes. CLAO J 1995; 21:221-232

Abstract: Purpose: Hospital based retrospective study of the incidence of Traumatic Optic Neuropathy in closed head trauma in patients, for a period of 6 months. Study design: Retrospective study. Methodology: This is a Hospital based retrospective study of 100 patients of various age groups with closed head injuries for a period of 6 months from january 2016 to june 2016. Patients in whom TON was suspected, were subjected to visual acuity, slit lamp examination, ophthalmoscopic examination, X Rays, CT Brain, VEP. Results and Observations: Amongst 100 patients, 80 were male, 5 were female, and 15 were children. 20 patients showed Traumatic Optic Neuropathy, out of which, 16 patients were male with a mean age of 30 yrs, 3 were children and one was female...............

Keywords: Traumatic Optic neuropathy, closed head injury, visual acuity.

[1]. Carta A, Ferrigno L, Salvo M, Bianchi-Marzoli S, Boschi A, Carta F. Visual prognosis after indirect traumatic optic neuropathy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2003;74:246–248. [PMC free article] [PubMed]
[2]. Kovacic M, Gracner T, Gracner B. Indirect Traumatic Optic Neuropathy-Two Case Reports. Coll Antropol. 2001;25:57–61. [PubMed]
[3]. Glaser JS. Traumatic optic neuropathy. In: Glaser L, Glaser JS, editors. Neuro-ophthalmology. 3rd ed. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 1999. pp. 186–188.
[4]. Beretska JS, Rizzo JF. Controversy in the management of traumatic optic neuropathy. Int Ophthalmol Clin.1994;34:87–96. [PubMed]
[5]. Liu GT, Volpe NJ, Galetta SL. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2001. Neuro-ophthalmology: Diagnosis and Management; pp. 170–172.

Abstract: Aim: To analyse the influence of various factors on the visual outcome of Optic neuritis patients Materials & Methods: A total of 116 patients with optic neuritis were studied as a prospective study for two years in the department of Ophthalmology, Dr PSIMS&RF, Chinoutpalli. All cases were investigated for visual acuity, colour vision, APD, visual fields. At the end of the study all the above parameters were recorded and analysed. Discussion: All the patients having optic neuritis were presented with defective vision[100%].70 cases had ocular pain[60.34%].32 patients had defective colour vision[27.58%].28 patients had defective visual fields[24.14%].The study showed a female preponderance with 64% of cases. History of recurrence was noted in 10% of cases...............

Keywords: Optic neuritis, visual acuity, prednisolone, optic neuritis treatment trial

[1]. Fine B, Yanoff M : The optic nerve. Ocular Histology : A Text and Atlas, 2nd ed., pp 272-287. Hagerstown, MD, Harper & Row,
1979.
[2]. Optic Neurtis Study Group. Visual function 15 years after optic neuritis : a final follow-up report from the Optic Neuritis
TreatmentTrial. Ophthalmology 2008; 115:1079-1082.
[3]. Kidd D: Inflammatory optic neuropathies not associated with multiple sclerosis. In : Neuro ophthalmology (Kidd DP, Newman NJ,
Biousse V, eds). Boston : Butterworth Heineman 2008; pp 153-19.
[4]. American Academy of Ophthalmology Neurophthalmology eighteenth edition-pathogenesis of optic neuritis.
[5]. Hickman SJ et al. Optic Neurities : An Update Typical and Atypical Optic Neuritis. Neuro-Ophthalmology 2008; 32:237-248

Abstract: Introduction: Ocular involvement in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is significant as sometimes if missed can be potentially blinding.Their presence also aids in making the final diagnosis of RA with atypical presentation. During the course of treatment of RA ,flaring of ocular signs and symptoms may signal impending deterioration or relapse of RA . Thus the study was undertaken in our tertiary care hospital to know the prevalence of ocular manifestations in patients of RA and their correlation with disease activity..............

Keywords: Rheumatoid arthritis,rheumatoid factor,ocular manifestations,Anti cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies.

[1]. Vignesh APP, Srinivasan R. Ocular manifestations of rheumatoid arthritis and their correlation with anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies. Clinical Ophthalmology (Auckland, NZ). 2015;9:393-397. doi:10.2147/ OPTH.S77210
[2]. Tong L, Thumboo J, Tan YK ,Wong TY, Albani S ;The eye: a window of opportunity in rheumatoid arthritis? Nat Rev Rheumatol.
2014 Sep;10(9):552-60. doi: 10.1038/nrrheum.2014.85. Epub 2014 Jun 10.
[3]. Bobrzyk M, Łabuzek K, Orski M, Tarnawska D, Okopień Ocular symptoms in rheumatic diseases.Pol Merkur Lekarski. 2014 May;36(215):357-60.
[4]. Zlatanović G, Veselinović D, Cekić S, Zivković M, Dorđević-Jocić J, Zlatanović M. Ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis-different forms and frequency. Bosn J Basic Med Sci. 2010 Nov; 10(4):323-7.
[5]. Ciurtin C, Cojocaru VM, Aramă S, Stoica V. Epidemiology of ocular involvement in autoimmune diseases.Rom J Intern Med. 2008;46(3):243-7.

Abstract: Objective : To evaluate and compare the diagnostic accuracies of 2D,3D Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the diagnosis of Mullerian Duct Anomalies. Setting: Tertiary care centre Design: analytical study Method: 50 outpatient women presenting with the complaints of primary amenorrhea, primary infertility, pregnancy wastage and menstrual abnormalities & suspicious of mullerian duct anomalies were enrolled in the study and subjected to clinical examination, 2D & 3D Ultrasonography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging.............

Keywords: 2D, 3D, MRI, MDA.

[1]. Byrne J, Nussbaum-Blask A, Taylor WS, Rubin A, Hill M, O'Donnell R, Shulman S. Prevalence of Mullerian duct anomalies detected at ultrasound. Am J Med Genet 2000; 94: 9–12.
[2]. Ashton D, Amin HK, Richart RM, Neuwirth RS. The incidence of asymptomatic uterine anomalies in women undergoing transcervical tubal sterilization. Obstet Gynecol 1988; 72: 28–30

[3]. Carrington BM, Hricak H, Nuruddin RN, Secaf E, Laros RK Jr, Hill EC. Mullerian duct anomalies: MR imaging evaluation. Radiology 1990; 176: 715–720.
[4]. Pellerito JS, McCarthy SM, Doyle MB, Glickman MG, DeCherney AH. Diagnosis of uterine anomalies: relative accuracy of
[5]. MR imaging, endovaginal sonography and hysterosalpingography. Radiology 1992; 183: 795–800. .

Abstract: For a high level of success in endodontic treatment it requires a great understanding of root canal anatomy and morphology. The dentists must be prepared to identify those teeth that tend to vary generally from normal anatomy. Thorough shaping, cleaning and obturation of such teeth can be challenging and failing to do so can lead to treatment failure. Mandibular premolars usually have aberrant anatomy. However, the occurrence of three separate canals with three separate foramina in mandibular premolars is very rare. Zilich and Dawson reported 11.7% occurrence of 2 canals and 0.4% of three canals in mandibular second premolar. This case report describes endodontic management of one such tooth with unusual morphological variations in canal anatomy of mandibular second premolar..............

Keywords:Aberrant anatomy, mandibular premolar, morphologic variation, three root canals.

[1] Vertucci FJ. Root canal morphology and its relationship to endodontic procedures. Endod Topics, 2005, 10, 03-29
[2] Aguiar C, Mendes D, Camara A, Figueiredo J. Endodontic treatment of a mandibular second premolar with three root canals. J Contemp Dent Tract, 2010, 11, 78-84.
[3] Slowey RR. Root canal anatomy: Road map to successful endodontics. Dent Clin North Am, 1979, 23, 555-73.
[4] Trope M, Elfenbein L, Tronstad L. Mandibular premolars with more than one root canal in different race groups. J Endod, 1986, 12, 343-5.
[5] Zillich R, Dowson J. Root canal morphology of mandibular first and second premolars. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol, 1973, 36, 738-44.

Abstract: Objectives: To establish the knowledge and skill of performing and learning the interpretation of spirometry so that the Indian medical graduate is able to perform and integrate the knowledge of spirometry. Methods: The study involved undergraduate medical interns posted in the department of medicine in our institution. In this study interns were given competency based training of spirometry. For the learning they were given 1 hour theory as well as practical class demonstrating spirometry. After the class the students performed spirometry and the procedural skills were assessed by directly observed procedural skills (DOPS). After the Performance of the test the interns were given Post-test Questionnaire in which there was significant improvement in their knowledge about spirometry and interpretation of its results...........

Keywords: Spirometry, Students, Competency, training, DOPS.

[1]. Kaminsky DA, Marcy TW, Bachand M, Irvin CG. Knowledge and use of office spirometry for the detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease by primary care physicians. Respir Care. 2005 Dec;50(12):1639–48.
[2]. Stodel EJ, Wyand A, Crooks S, Moffett S, Chiu M, Hudson CCC. Designing and Implementing a Competency-Based Training Program for Anesthesiology Residents at the University of Ottawa. Anesthesiol Res Pract. 2015 Dec 21;2015:e713038.
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[4]. Weinberger SE, Pereira AG, Iobst WF, Mechaber AJ, Bronze MS, Alliance for Academic Internal Medicine Education Redesign Task Force II. Competency-based education and training in internal medicine. Ann Intern Med. 2010 Dec 7;153(11):751–6.
[5]. Frank JR, Snell LS, Cate OT, Holmboe ES, Carraccio C, Swing SR, et al. Competency-based medical education: theory to practice. Med Teach. 2010;32(8):638–45.

Abstract: Many lesions that occur in the jaw have a similar radiological appearance and it is often difficult to differentiate among them. Cysts that are present in the mandible are commonly noted on head and neck imaging and present a diagnostic dilemma. These lesions are often identified as incidental lesions by the radiologist on imaging performed for different reasons. Collaborative interaction between the dentists, oral surgeon, radiologist and oral pathologist is essential for the appropriate evaluation, imaging, and treatment of cystic appearing lesions of the mandible.

Keywords: Cyst of mandible, imaging, CT, MRI.

[1]. Dunfee BL, Sakai O, Pistey R, Gohel A. Radiologic and pathologic characteristics of benign and malignant lesions of the mandible.
Radiographics 2006; 26:1751–1768
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[3]. Avery JK, Steele PF. Essentials of oral histology and embryology: a clinical approach. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2000:53–70
[4]. Abrahams JJ, Rock R, Hayt MW. Embryology and anatomy of the jaw and dentition. In: Som PM, Curtin HD, eds. Head and neck
imaging, 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2003:889–901
[5]. Weber AL, Kaneda T, Scrivani SJ, Aziz S. Jaw: cysts, tumors and nontumorous lesions. In: Som PM, Curtin HD, eds. Head and
neck imaging, 4th ed. St. Louis, MO: Mosby, 2003:930–994.

Abstract: Background:Squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck region is a common malignancy in India. To reduce the morbidity and mortality due to this malignancy newer prognostic markers are required. Pre-treatment rombocytosis is a poor prognostic marker. Material & Methods: Present study is a prospective, cross sectional, analytical 3 years study undertaken in Department of Pathology, Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, from June 2012 to May 2015. Pre- treatment platelet counts, age, gender site, tumor size, grade, stage, lymph node involvement, degree of penetration& vascular invasion were correlated and studied to find association between mean platelet count and individual parameters............

Keywords: .............

[1]. Bagan JV, Scully C. Recent advances in oral oncology 2007: epidemiology, aetiopathogenesis, diagnosis and prognostication. Oral
Oncol. 2008;44:103-108.
[2]. Hefler L, Mayerhofer K, Leibman B, Obermair A, Reinthaller A, Kainz C et al. Tumor anemia and thrombocytosis in patients with
vulvar cancer.Tumour Biol 2000;21:309-14.
[3]. Symbas NP, Townsend MF, El-Galley R, Keane TE, Graham SD, Petros JA. Poor prognosis associated with thrombocytosis in
patients withrenal cell carcinoma. BJU Int 2000;86:203-7.

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[5]. Wheler J, Tsimberidou AM, Hong D, Naing A, Jackson T, Liu S et al. Survival of patients in a Phase 1 Clinic: The M. D. Anderson
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Abstract: The aim of this research was to identify the elective surgeries suspension rate and investigate the causes of its cancellation in general surgery service in highly complex hospital. Method: A descriptive, exploratory, prospective and quantitative study was conducted in a university hospital using data from scheduled and canceled elective surgeries in the period from July 2015 to July 2016, which were extracted from MV System. Results: 984 elective surgeries oncology were scheduled during one year, of which 423 (43.4%) were canceled. 258 (32.3%) cancellations occurred in the morning. The main reason for cancellation was related with the patient seen in 269 cases (63.6%). Conclusion: The number of cancellations was high, and the suspensions can and should be controlled and restricted. It is recommended the awareness of everyone involved in such a situation to which seeks a reduction in suspension rates and subsequently joint efforts to implement measures to restrict the most of this event............

Keywords: Perioperative nursing; Quality indicators; health care; Hospital administration.

[1]. Hoff PMG, Chammas R, Novis Y, et al (2013) Princípios de Oncologia Cirúrgica. In: Feig BW, Hsu C. Tratado de Oncologia. 1ª edição. São Paulo: Editora Atheneu, Capítulo 39:525-36. [2]. Kowalski LP. Manual de condutas diagnósticas e terapêuticas em oncologia. 2. ed. São Paulo: Âmbito; 2002. [3]. Longo DL. Oncology and haematology. In: Braunwald E, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, editors. Harrison's - Principles of internal medicine. New York: McGraw-Hill; 2001. p. 43-58.
[4]. Shekelle PG, Pronovost PJ, Wachter RM, McDonald KM, Schoelles K, Dy SM, et al. The Top Patient Safety Strategies That Can Be Encouraged for Adoption Now. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2013;158 (5_Part_2):365-8.
[5]. Ronsmans C, Graham WJ. Maternal mortality: who, when, where, and why. Lancet. 368. England2006. p. 1189-200.

Abstract: 0bjective: The aim of this work is to evaluate the underlying causes, its complications, and effect of various DIC parameters on maternal outcomes. Method: This is prospective cum retrospective study.It included all Patients who developed DIC in pregnancy
and postpartum in period of 2 years. Statistical analysis: Mean and percentage were used for presentation of the data.............

Keywords: Disseminated intravascular coagulation, Fibrin degredation product.

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Abstract: Over the foregoing few decades we recurrently heard the word cancer. It is a foremost leaven of death globally. After a century of rapid approach, cancer research has gone through a rich and complex body of knowledge revealing cancer to be diseases involving dynamic changes in the cells. Although there are many types of cancers but the root of all cancers is the abnormal growth of cells which led the tissues out of control and when left untreated cause ailment. Cancer is to large extent escapable and can be interrupted, sheltered or healed. So, one should know the various risk factors which put life on the track of cancer. This paper describes
the conversion of normal cell to cancerous cell with the main focus on the risk aspects like progressive smoking, physical inactivity, obese or overweight etc. and the measures of control such as prevention, early detection, and palliative care.............

Keywords: Cancer,cancerous cell, physical motion, pudgy, early detection, palliative care.

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World Health Organization International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2007. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of
Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 89
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Abstract: It is a challenging endeavour for a prosthodontist to fabricate a maxillofacial prosthesis in cases exhibiting compromised tissue-bed conditions; and more so in an un-cooperative patient, who disbelieves and doubts a "dentist's competence" to make an eye which is traditionally not considered a dentist's area of expertise. This article explains the advantages of custom made ocular prosthesis over stock eye shells and importance of the approach taken by the clinician to find out the actual cause for the un-cooperation of the patient, in order to render an effective and efficient rehabilitative care..

Keywords: artificial eye, custom made ocular prosthesis, maxillofacial prosthesis.

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Abstract: Background: Hypertension is an important and often symptomless chronic condition yet implicated as an important cause of various cardiovascular complications; stroke, renal failure, blindness thereby reducing the quality of life and productivity of untreated hypertensives'. Risk factors for hypertension as revealed in literatures include the following- Age, Gender, family history of hypertension, race, high intake of alcohol, physical inactivity, smoking, obesity, high intake of saturated fat, diabetes mellitus etc. Objectives of the study: To assess the prevalence, risk factors for hypertension amongst rural dweller in Etsako West LGA of Edo State. Additionally, the study sought to determine the relationship between basal metabolic index (BMI ) and hypertension..........

Keywords: Hypertension, Risk factors, rural community, Etsako West, Edo State.

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Abstract: The treatment of keratocystic odontogenic tumour remains controversial. The aim of this article is to report the outcome of conservative treatment protocol for a large keratocystic odontogenic tumour crossing the midline treated with enucleation and open dressing. A 33 year old male patient with mandibular anterior swelling was referred to Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery. CBCTreports revealed a large radiolucent lesion extending from 37 to 46 region and associated with bilateral mandibular impacted canines. Histopathological evaluation suggested akeratocystic odontogenic tumour. To minimize the possibility of pathologic fracture and complex surgical intervention the patientwas treated by enucleation followed by open packing. This conservative treatmentwas selected since the patient was young.Postoperative results are encouraging..............

Keywords: keratocysts;bilateral impacted mandibular canines; cone beam computer tomography.

[1]. GülsünYildirim, HanifeAtaoglu, Abdullah Kalayci, BirkanTahaÖzkan, KorhanKucuk, AlparslanEsen, Conservative Treatment Protocol for Keratocystic Odontogenic Tumour: a Follow-up Study of 3 Cases, J Oral Maxillofac Res, 1(3), 2010, 1-11.
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Abstract: Back Ground-Appendicitis is the common surgical emergency in the world. in order to reduce pain, infection, hospital stay and excellent cosmetic end result patients are preferring laparoscopic appendicectomy. The aim of the present study is comparative analysis between open appendicectomy and laparoscopic appendicectomy. Methods-This study was done in Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Hospital warangal between October 2009 to October 2011 over 126 patients.............

Keywords: open appendicectomy, laparoscopic appendicectomy.

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