iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-12 ~ December-2017

Abstract: The purpose of the examination was to determine the effects of the BMI on the onset of dental caries in children with primary dentition, and their interdependent correlation with the intensity of the dental caries. Material and methodology: For the realization of our study, we randomly selected 74 pre-school children (35 female and 39 male) which were at the age of 4-6 years and were enrolled in the primary schools in the city of Stip, and then they were divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group. In all examinees the BMI values were calculated .The calculation of the body mass(BMI) in % was done using a scheme according to gender, using the scale given by the CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) and clinical trials were also carried out (dmf and intensity of dental caries............

Keywords: Body Mass Index (BMI), dmf, intensity of dental caries

[1]. Ivanović M., Carević M., Marković D., Vulićević Z., Stevanović R., Petrović V., Protocols in dentistry. Belgrade: School of Dentristry; 2009.
[2]. Timiş T., Dănilă I., Socioeconomic status and oral health, The Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005;13(1-2):116-121.

[3]. Sheiham A. Dental caries affects body weight, growth and quality of life in pre-school children. Br Dent J 2006;25:625–626.

[4]. Alm A. On dental caries and caries-related factors in children and teenagers. Swed. Dent. J.2008;195(Supp):7–63. [PubMed].
[5]. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Policy on a dental home. Pediatric Dent. 2011;(special issue) 33:24-5..

Abstract: Background & Objectives: As medical professionals, we are expected to recognize cardiac arrest and provide Basic life support anytime anywhere. The purpose of this study was to know if differences exist between clinical exposure and performance in the(Basic Life Support) BLS course training. Methods: A prospective, observational BLS study was conducted in CMC Hospital ,Ludhiana after obtaining Ethics approval from the CMC Ethics committee and the informed consent of the participating interns and post graduate entrants. The knowledge and skills were tested based on a validated questionnaire givenbefore and after the course. Result: The skills and knowledge.......

Keywords: Interns, Post graduate, Basic life support, Skills, Knowledge, Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

[1]. Narayan DPR, Biradar SV, Reddy MT, Bk S. Assessment of knowledge andattitude about basic life support among dental interns and postgraduatestudents in Bangalore city, India. World J Emerg Med. 2015;6(2):118–22.
[2]. Berden HJ, Bierens JJ, Willems FF, Hendrick JM, Pijls NH Knape JT. Resuscitation skills of lay public after recent training. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23: 1003–1008.
[3]. Leong BS, Chua GS. Quality of resuscitation in hospitals. Singapore: Med J 2011; 52: 616.
[4]. Luo XR, Zhang HL, Chen GJ, Ding WS, Huang L. Active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) versus standard CPR for cardiac arrest patients: a metaanalysis.World J Emerg Med 2013; 4: 266–272.
[5]. Zaheer H, Haque Z. Awareness about BLS (CPR) among medical students status and requirements. J Pak Med Assoc. 2009; 59(1):57–9.

Abstract: The aim of study is to evaluate the efficacy of collagen dressing over conventional dressings in superficial burns and second degree burns, in terms of pain, Infection, Rate of Healing and Resultant scar. Patients and methods :This randomized comparative study includes 60 patients with partial thickness burns who are salvageable (40% BSA) admitted in Burns unit of SiddharthaMedicalcollege/ Govt general hospital VijayawadafromSeptember 2015toSeptember 2017. They were randomised into equal groups of collagen and conventional dressings. Results : Mean Pain scores on day 1 was 4.53 and 5.87 for collagen and conventional dressings respectively. On day 7, the mean pain scores were 1.3 and 3.73 respectively. Mean rate of healing (in days) was 13.07 in collagen dressings, whereas.........

Keywords: Superficial burns, Collagen Dressings, Silver Sulphadiazine.

[1]. Singh O, Gupta SS, Soni M, Moses S, Shukla S, Mathur RK. Collagen dressing versus conventional dressings in burn and chronic wounds: A retrospective study. J CutanAesthetSurg 2011;4:12-6
[2]. Shani Shilo, Sigal Roth, Tal Amzel, Tamar Harel-Adar, EranTamir, Frida Grynspan, and OdedShoseyov. Tissue Engineering Part A. February 2013, 19(13-14): 1519-1526.

[3]. Choudhary D, Insen SG, Goyal S, et al. A comparative study of collagen dressings versus conventional dressings in wound healing in chronic ulcer. J. Evolution Med. Dent. Sci. 2017;6(5):361-363, DOI: 10.14260/Jemds/2017/82
[4]. Mukund B Tayade, Girish D Bakhshi, NabakishorHaobijam. A Comparative Study of Collagen Sheet Cover Versus 1% Silver Sulphadiazine in Partial Thickness Burns. Bombay hospital journal 2006; 48;2
[5]. DemlingRH. Desanti L. Managementof partial thickness facial burns (comparison of topical antibiotics and bioengineered skin substitutes). J Burn care and Rehabilitation 1999; 25: 256..

Abstract: Background: Pancytopenia is defined as presence of anemia, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia and it results from a number of disease processes. Aim:This study was carried out to investigate for and to identify the causes of pancytopenia, to find out the frequency of different causes especially fever and to determine the incidence of pancytopenia in relation to sex and age. Methods:This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Siddhartha Medical College, Vijayawada over a period of two years (October 2015 to November 2017). All the patients referred to the clinical laboratory for routine complete blood count and peripheral smear........

Keywords: Pancytopenia, Infections, Megaloblastic anemia,Dengue

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[2]. Williams DM: Pancytopenia, aplastic anemia and pure red cell anemia. In Wintrobe's clinical hematology. 10th edition. Edited by Richard GL, Bithel TC, John F, John WA, John NL. Philadelphia: Lea and Fabiger; 1998::1449-1489.
[3]. Osama I, Baqai HZ, Faiz A, Nisar H: Patterns of pancytopenia patients in a general medical ward and a proposed diagnostic approach. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2004, 16:3-7.
[4]. Tilak V, Jain R: Pancytopenia – a clinicohematologic analysis of 77 cases. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 1999, 42:399-404.
[5]. Kumar R, Kalra SP, Kumar H, Anand AC, Madan H: Pancytopenia – a six year study. J Assoc Physicians India 2001, 49:1078-1081...

Abstract: Curcumin is a compound possessing many pharmacological activities, but it has bad bioavailability and stability. Therefore modification should be conducted in curcumin structure. One of the results of curcumin analog modification is curcumin analog of Benzylidene acetone which is known as Gamavutton (GVT) series. The aim of this research is to determine the antituberculosis activity of curcumin compound analog on Benzylidene acetoneand Mycobacterium tuberculosis on sensitive strain (H37Rv). As well as determining the resistant strain (HE and SR). The anti-tuberculosis test used a method of agar dilution. The concentration used 0,125; 0,250; 0,500 and 1mg/mL; and the observation is done from the first week to the eighth week. Based on the test done, it can be seen that GVT-10 compound has an activity in inhibiting the M. Tuberculosis growth of HE and SR strains with the concentration of the media is 0,125 mg/mL

Keywords: Antituberculosis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Curcumin analogs, GVT.

[1]. WHO, 2014, Global Tuberculosis Report 2015, WHO Press, Geneva.
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Abstract: Platelet indices are a group of derived platelet parameters obtained as a part of the automatic complete blood count. Emerging evidence suggests that Platelet indices may have diagnostic and prognostic value in certain diseases. Hence, simultaneous measurement of all platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, PCT and PC) will provide a valid instrument for measuring disease. Aims & Objectives: To compare the parameters of platelet indices (MPV, PDW, P-LCR, PCT and PC) A] in patients with fever and B] in patients with sepsis leading to multiorgan dysfunction ,with control cases. Materials & Methods: Platelet indices of 100 consecutive hemograms with a clinical diagnosis of fever, 100 consecutive hemograms with a clinical diagnosis of MODS (Sepsis with Multiorgan dysfunction) were retrieved. The analysis was done on a Sysmex XN-1000 automated blood cell counter. The parameters of PIs were analyzed statistically using IBM SPSS version 22.........

[1]. Goldebiewska EM,Poole AW. Platelet Secretion: From hemostasis to wound heling and beyond. Blood Rev. 2015;29:153-62.10.1016/J.blre.2014.10.003.
[2]. Magwenzis,Woodward C, Wraith KS, Aburima A, Raslan Z, Jon H et al. Oxidized LDL activates blood platelets through CD 36/NOX 2- mediated inhibition of the cGMP/Protein kinase G signaling Cascade. Blood 2015; 125: 2693-703.16.1182/blood-2014-05-574491.
[3]. Karimi P, Rashtchizadeh N. Oxidative versus thrombotic stimulation of platelets differentially activates signaling pathway. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res. 2013; 5:61-5.
[4]. Machines IB.IBM SPSS statistics for windows, Version 22.0. IBM Corp Armonk NY; 2013.
[5]. Yasenin U Budak, Murat Polet, Kagan Huysal, The use of platelet indices, Plateletcrit, MPV and PDW in emergency non-traumatic abdominal surgery a systematic review. BiochemiaMedica 2016; 26(2): 178-93..

Abstract: Aim: To assess the reliable of cytological diagnosis of second deposits of Lymph node in compare with histopothology. Material And Methods: In a 3 year period 54 cases of secondary deposits of lymph nodes in cytology were reported and 41 cases were correlated with histopathology. Conclusion: Cytological study is most reliable ancillary study in case of secondary deposits in lymphnodes.

[1]. Jones AS, Cook JA, Phillips DE, Roland NR. Squamous carcinoma presenting as an enlarged cervical lymph node. Cancer 1993; 72:1756-61.
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[3]. Kazi R. Enigma of the unknown primary in head, neck cancers. IndianJ Cancer 2009;46:176-7.
[4]. Pavlidis N, Pentheroudakis G. Cancer of unknown primary site: 20 questions to be answered. Ann Oncol 2010;21(Suppl 7):vii303-7.
[5]. Waltonen JD, Ozer E, Hall NC, Schuller DE, Agrawal A. Metastatic carcinoma of the neck of unknown primary origin: Evolution and efficacy of the modern work up. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg2009;135:1024-9.

Abstract: A cross sectional study to find out the routes of infection, socio economic factors and HIV status of children of HIV infected women attending ART centres in Imphal, Manipur State, India, during April 2009 to October 2012. Study was carried out on 442 women on ART in 2 hospitals in Imphal City, RIMS & JNIMS, Manipur. Mean age of the women was 37.62 years in the age group of 35-40 years, 34.2% got married when they were 20-25 yrs, followed by those 15-20 years (29.9%). 55.7% were widows, 33.9% of the women were living with their husbands. Majority (57.9%) were Hindus. 57.7 % were from nuclear families. 26.0% had completed high school, while 8 women (1.8%)........

Keywords: AIDS, ART, HIV, JNIMS, RIMS, MACS, NACO.

[1]. USAID (2001): HIV/AIDS: a guide for nutrition, care and support. Washington DC.
[2]. Fenton M. & Silverman E (2004). Medical nutrition therapy for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Disease. In: Mahan, L.K. & Escott-Stump, S. (ed.) Krause's Food, Nutrition & Diet Therapy. Eleventh edition. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Company. pp. 1027-1057.

[3]. Fauci A S, Lane H C (2008): Human Immunodeficiency Virus Disease: AIDS and related Disorders. In: Fauci A S, Kasper D L, Longo D L, eds. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. 17th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1137-1204.

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[5]. Piwoz E G and Bently M E (2005): Women's voices, women's choices: The challenge of Nutrition and HIV/AIDS, The Am Soc for Nutr Sciences, J Nutr. 135:933-937.

Abstract: Introduction: Due to the increased prevelance of Tubeculosis and the practical acceptance of Trial Anti Tubercular Therapy (ATT), it is the first diagnosis that comes to our mind while anaplastic conditions are our last bet.On failure to respond to ATT, we go for Gene Xpert test, biopsy and other tests to check for Drug Resistance TB or anaplastics. Aim; To find the correct diagnosis of nonresponders to ATT Material and Methods:A retrospective study of the case records of 32 non responders on conventional ATT to find out the actual etiology was done.Anonresponder was defined as one who showed no improvement or actual deterioration after 4 weeks of conventional ATT. Among other investigations, biopsy, Gene Xpert test, work up for metastasis of unknown origin was found to be performed wherever needed for the correct diagnosis.Results: Out of 21, 15 of the nonresponders were anaplastics, 3 were MDR TB and 3 were miscellaneous. None were cases of drug sensitive TB.

Keywords: Anti tubercular Therapy, Drug resistant TB, Spinal Metastasis, Biopsy, gene Xpert

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Abstract: Chronic kidney disease is a common clinical condition and is associated with various complication and alteration in hormone homeostasis. Secondary hyperparathyroidism(SHPT) is a known complication which results in alteration in bone and mineral metabolism that occurs as a direct result of CKD. SHPT causes primarily cardiovascular calcification and is responsible for increase in morbidity and mortality. Identifying patients at risk and evaluating for SHPT is important because early intervention slows or arrests the progression of bone and cardiac disease in CKD patients. The aim is to evaluate the variation between iPTH and vitamin-D in various stages of CKD. A total of 154 CKD patients which are divided into stage I(n=13), stage II(n=18), stage III (n=19), stage IV ( n=27), stage V( n=77) are included in the study. Serum urea, creatinine, albumin, iPTH, 25(OH) D3, calcium........

Keywords: Secondary Hyperparathyroidism, CKD, iPTH, Vitamin D

[1]. Robert C. Atkins. The epidemiology of chronic kidney disease. Kidney International 2005; 67, Supplement 94 S14–S18.
[2]. Jha V, Garcia-Garcia G, Iseki K, Li Z, Naicker S, Plattner B, Saran R, Wang AY, Yang CWJ. Chronic kidney disease: global dimension and perspectives. Lancet. 2013; 382: 260-272.
[3]. Anand S, Shivashankar R, Ali MK, Kondal D, Binukumar B, Montez-Rath ME, et al. Prevalence of chronic kidney disease in two major Indian cities and projections for associated cardiovascular disease. KidneyInt. 2015 Jul;88(1):178-85.
[4]. Go AS, Chertow GM, Fan D, McCulloch CE, Hsu CY. Chronic Kidney Disease and the Risks of Death, Cardiovascular Events, and Hospitalization . N Engl J Med. 2004 Sep 23;351(13):1296-305.
[5]. Carrero JJ, Stenvinkel P. Inflammation in endstage renal disease--what have we learned in 10 years? Semin Dial. 2010 Sep-Oct;23(5):498-509...

Abstract: Background: Overt hyperthyroidism constitutes special risk to the mother including precipitation of hypertension, CCF & pre-eclampsia as well as higher rate of miscarriage, pre-term delivery & placental abruption. It can lead to neonatal & foetal hyperthyroidism with risk of IUGR & stillbirth. Objectives: This study was conducted to study various clinical & laboratory profile of pregnant patients with hyperthyroidism along with correlation of maternal & foetal outcome. Methods: This article reviews our experience with 40 hyperthyroid pregnant patients (IPD & OPD) who were included in the study after screening them on their first visit and after valid written informed consent. Patient's demographic data; symptoms; past medical & obstetric history.........

Keywords: Hyperthyroidism, CCF, Low birth weight (LBW), Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR).

[1]. Savitha S Konin, Gurleen Kaur Bhinder. Detection of thyroid functions in early pregnancy as a universal. Journal of Evaluation of Medical and Dental Sciences 2013; Vol 12, Issue 49, December 09: Pages 9457-9465.
[2]. Singh A, Reddy MJ. Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Pregnancy and its Implications. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2015: 1247-1250.
[3]. Dhara Singh Meena, Indra Bharti, Sumitra Bora, Saroj Meena. Study of Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy. Int J Curr Microbiod App Sci 2015; ISSN: 2319-7706; 4 (9): 91-97. Malgorzata Gietka-Czernel, Marzena Debska, Piotr Kretowicz, et al. Hyperthyroidism during Pregnancy-the role of measuring Maternal TSH Receptor Antibodies and Foetal Ultrasound Monitoring. Endokrynologia Polska November 2014; ISSN 0423-104X; Vol 65, Number 4: Pages 259-268.
[4]. Jayati Nath, S Dutta. A Clinical Study on Thyroid Dysfunction in Pregnancy and its Effect on the Fetomaternal Outcome. International Journal of Science and Research, September 2015; Volume 4, Issue 9: pages 2068-2070.

[5]. Forough Saki, Mohammad Hossein, Dabbagmanesh, et al. Thyroid Function in Pregnancy and its Influences on Maternal and Foetal Outcomes. Int J Endocrinol Metab Oct 2014; 12 (4); e19378...

Abstract: Aim: To assess the level of awareness regarding the interrelationship between periodontitis and systemic health among dental practioners in Raichur city. Materials and methods: This crossectional survey included participants from two dental colleges of Raichur (AME'S and Navodaya Dental College). Total of 108 participants were involved in the study. The data pertaining to their knowledge and awareness of association between periodontal health and general health was gathered using a self administered questionnaire containing 20 questions. Data were presented in proportion. Comparison between health care providers was done by using chi-square test.........

Keywords: Dental practitioners; Periodontal-medicine; Periodontal-systemic interrelations; Systemic complications;.

[1]. DeStefano F, Anda RF, Kahn HS, Williamson DF, Russel CM. Dental disease and risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. Br Med J 1993; 306(6879):688-691.
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[3]. Bosnjak A, Plancak D , Curilovic Z. Advances in the Relationship between Periodontitis and Systemic Diseases. Acta Stomat Croat 2001; 35(2):267-71.
[4]. Graves DT , Cochran D. The contribution of interleukin-1 and tumor necrosis factor to periodontal tissue destruction. J Periodontol 2003; 74(3):391-401.
[5]. Furugen R, Hayashida H, Yamaguchi N, Yoshihara A, Miyazaki H, Saito T. The relationship between periodontal condition and serum level of resistin and adiponectin in elderly Japanese. J Periodont Res 2008; 43(5):556-62..

Abstract: urinary tract infection is a commonly observed condition in clinical practice 1.urinary tract infection is due to an inflammatory response of urothelium to the invading pathogenic organisms 2. Presence of more than 105organisms per ml in a midstream sample of urine refers to significant bacteriuria and caused mainly by normal bowel flora, Escherichia coli 3,4. Other organisms such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis , Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sps and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are on rise5,6.UTI is less common in males as compared to females6. The prevalence and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogens are dependent on many factors and constantly changing with the ever increasing use of antimicrobials, continuous monitoring of the susceptibility pattern is of paramount importance for not only selecting appropriate drugs but also for rational choice of empirical therapy7. The present study was undertaken at Ggh, Guntur Medical College, Guntur..........

[1]. Loudon,I.S, and greenhalgh,G.P. urinary tract infection in general practice. Lancet,1962;2:1246.
[2]. NaliniR, Ramya J,Meenakshi B, Palniappan N, Poongodi S. Recent sensitivity pattern of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection RRJMB.2014;3(3),31-5.
[3]. 3.GoddardJ, Turner AN, Cumming AD, Stewart LH.Kidney and urinary tract disease. IN:BoonNA, Colledge NR, WalkerBR, HunterJAA, editors. Davidson's principles and Practice of Medicine 20THed. Edinburgh:hurchill Livingstone;2006.p.455-511.
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[5]. Dash M, Padhi S,Mohanty I,PandaP,Parida B. Antimicrobial resistance in pathogens causing urinary tract infections in a rural community of Odisha, India J Family Community Med.2013;20(1):20-6..

Abstract: Purpose 1. To find the incidence of preterm labor, preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) in relation with vaginal infection. 2. Use of high vaginal swab to detect the organism in relation with vaginal infection. 3. Role of an appropriate antibiotic therapy for vaginal infection. Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patientswith gestational age above 28 weeks till term were included in the study.Women who presented with signs of PROM, PPROM and preterm labor were enrolled in study.The diagnosis of spontaneous rupture of the membranes was confirmed by inspection of the cervix for flow of amniotic fluid from the cervical canal, if leakage is not present.........

Keywords: Vaginal infection, Preterm labour, PROM, PPROM, Antibiotic

[1]. Maternal and child health consortium.6th Annual report : confidential enquiries into stillbirth and death infancy. London,1999.
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[3]. Paneth NS, The problem of low birth weight. Future child 1995; 5: 19-34.
[4]. Stewart AL, Rifkin L, Amess PN et all. Brain structure and neurological and behavioural function in adolescence who were born very preterm. Lancet 1999; 353: 1653-1657
[5]. Wolke D, Meyer R. cognitive status, language attainment and prereading skills of 6year-old very preterm children and their peers: the Bavarian Longitudinal Study. Dev. Med Child Neurol1999; 41: 94-109.

Abstract: Objectives: to perform a systematic review to evaluate the effectiveness of different molar intrusion methods used in the treatment of anterior open bite patients, to explore the changes that occur in the vertical facial morphology and mandibular rotation. Search methods: Electronic databases were searched up to April, 2016 in (CENTRAL-Cochrane register of controlled trials, PubMed and LILACS). Grey literature was also searched electronically through Google Scholar. Hand searching was done in the central library in Cairo University and the Cairo Dental Journal (CDJ) as well as high impact factor journals in the field (AJODO, EJO and The Angle Orthodontist). Language was restricted to English.........

[1]. Artese, Alderico, Stephanie Drummond, Juliana Mendes do Nascimento, and FlaviaArtese. "Criteria for diagnosing and treating anterior open bite with stability." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 16, no. 3 (2011): 136-161.
[2]. Lentini-Oliveira, D., Fernando R. Carvalho, Y. Qingsong, L. Junjie, HumbertoSaconato, M. A. Machado, L. B. Prado, and Gilmar F. Prado. "Orthodontic and orthopaedictreatment for anterior open bite in children." Cochrane Database (2007).
[3]. Cozza, Paola, Manuela Mucedero, TizianoBaccetti, and Lorenzo Franchi. "Early orthodontic treatment of skeletal open-bite malocclusion: a systematic review."Angle orthodontist 75, no. 5 (2005): 707-713.
[4]. Karthick .D. Shetty, Vivek P .Soni. ―SKELETAL OPEN BITE : A NON SURGICAL APPROACHScientific Journal Vol. I (2007)
[5]. Medeiros, Raquel Bueno, Luiz Felipe Cardoso de Araújo, José Nelson Mucha, and AlexandreTrindade Motta. "Stability of open-bite treatment in adult patients: A systematic review." Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists 1, no. 3 (2012): e97-e101

Abstract: Aim: Undernutrition in childhood was observed one of the major factors for child mortality in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nutritional status of children living in urban slums of Jodhpur city in western Rajasthan. Material and methods: The study was cross-sectional and base in an urban slum. The study was conducted in urban slums of Jodhpur city. Children under 5 year of age were involved in the study. Total 416 participants were involved in the study. All data were analyzed with the help of SPSS Version 16. Results: Out of 416 participants 234 (56%) children found malnourished and remaining 182 (44%) of children were not in good health, most of them found in border line cases. Hygiene status was very bad, no proper sanitation and safe drinking water for them..........

Keywords: Urban slums; nutritional status; western Rajasthan, socio-economic status

[1]. Unger A (2017). Children's health in slum settings. [online] Adc.bmj.com. Available at: http://adc.bmj.com/content/98/10/799.short [Accessed 12 Oct. 2017].
[2]. Gupta V, Yadav K, Anand K. Patterns of tobacco use across rural, urban, and urban-slum populations in a North Indian community. Indian J Community Med 2010;35:245-51.
[3]. Srivastava A, Mahmood SE, Srivastava PM, Shrotriya VP, Kumar B. Nutritional status of school-age children - A scenario of urban slums in India. Arch Public Health 2012;70:8.
[4]. Parthasarathy A. Partha's fundamentals of pediatrics. 1st edn. Chap. 5. Protein-energy malnutrition: Assessment by history and clinical examination. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers; 2007;108.
[5]. Patel KA, Langare SD, Naik JD, Rajderkar SS. Gender inequality and bio-social factors in nutritional status among under-five children attending anganwadis in an urban slum of a town in Western Maharashtra, India. J Res Med Sci 2013;18:341-45.

Abstract: Backgound: Haematological malignancies are often associated with immunosuppression as a result of the disease and/or chemotherapy. This increases the risk of infections by pathogens as well as the reactivation of latent infections which may be associated with adverse prognosis. Hepatotrophic viruses may be reactivated in subjects with haematological malignancies. Objectives: To determine the seroprevalence of hepatitis B and C in patients with haematological malignancies. Methods: This is a hospital based case control study. Consecutive subjects with haematological malignancies were recruited into the study through the haematology clinics/wards while blood donors were recruited as controls from the donor clinic. Samples of study participants.........

Keywords:HBV, HBC, Haematologic malignancy, Calabar, Nigeria

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