iosr-JDMS   Volume-16 ~ Issue-7 ~ July-2017

Abstract: Introduction And Objectives: Fallopian tubes are the important part of female reproductive tract with long flexuous structures, beginning with the ovarian end each tube is divisible into four segments viz. infundibulum, ampulla, isthmus and intramural. Due to increasing rate of tubal block and infertility, fallopian tubes are gaining importance and have become a subject of research in present days. The aim of the study is to ascertain any differences of morphology, length and luminal diameter of the fallopian tube in different age groups and the research work could be utilized for investigation and treatment of diseases and infertility.............

Keywords: Prereproductive, reproductive, postmenopausal, luminal diameter, infertility

[1]. Gunasegaran J. P. Textbook of Histology Atlas and Practical Guide. 3rd Ed. (Reed Elsevier Pvt. Ltd . 2016). P-325
[2]. Sadler. T.W. Langman‟s Medical Embryology. 12th. Ed. (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2012). P-32
[3]. Singh, I. In : Textbook of Human Histology With Colour Atlas and Practical Guide. 7th Ed. (Jaypee, 2014). Chapter. 20. P-353.
[4]. Bodemer, C. W. History of the Mammalian Oviduct. In : The Mammalian oviduct Hafez. E. S. E. and Blandau, R.. J,,(eds) (The
University of Chicago Press, 1969). Pp. 3-21.
[5]. Fallopius, G. Observationes anatomicae. In : The Mammalian oviduct. Hafez, E.S.E. and Blandau, R.J (eds). Venice. (The
University of Chicago Press, 1561). pp. 3-21.

Abstract: Aim: Diabetes Mellitus is a heterogeneous group of diseases, characterized by a state of chronic hyperglycemia. Diabetes Mellitus has a number of long-term effects on the genitourinary system predisposing to Urinary Tract Infections and change in pH. This study focuses on the Urine pH analysis of Diabetic patients and its correlation with urine culture and duration of diabetes to assess if deviation from the normal range is a sensitive indicator of Urinary Tract Infection...............

[1]. Park's Textbook of Preventive And Social Medicine, K. Park.
[2]. Global Prevalence of Diabetes -Sarah Wild, MB BCHIR, PHD, GojkaRoglic, MD, Anders Green, MD, PHD, DR MED SCI, Richard Sicree, MBBS, MPH and Hilary King, MD, DSC.
[3]. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 18th Edition Volume 1

[4]. Complicated Urinary Tract Infections associated with Diabetes Mellitus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis and management- MounafekiMnif, Mahdi Kamoun, [...], and Mohamed Abid.
[5]. Urinary Tract Infections in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: review of prevalence, diagnosis, and management- OrnaNitzan, Mazen Elias, [...], and WalidSaliba..

Abstract: Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare intricate neoplasm affecting predominantly children. It can present as a single isolated lesion requiring no treatment or as a multisystem, life-threatening disorder necessitating aggressive therapy1. This disorder is characterized by abnormal, clonal proliferation of antigenpresenting cells, the Langerhans cells (LCs), associated with immunosurveillance and immune regulation. 2 It remains a debatable matter as to whether LCH represents a reactive or neoplastic process.3 The exact pathogenesis of the disease is, however, unclear.4The clinical presentation may be variable, with a clinical spectrum that ranges from an isolated bone lesion with a favorable natural history to a more aggressive disease with multisystem involvement (such as liver, lung, bone, spleen, lymph nodes, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, gastrointestinal tract).5..............

[1]. L. Buchmann, A. Emami, and J. L. Wei, "Primary head and neck Langerhans cell histiocytosis in children," Otolaryngology, vol.
135, no. 2, pp. 312–317, 2006.
[2]. Chandekar SA, Shah VB, Kavishwar V. Cytological diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with cutaneous involvement. J Cytol
2013;30:81-3.
[3]. Kumar N, Sayed S, Vinayak S. Diagnosis of Langerhans cell histiocytosis on fine needle aspiration cytology: A case report and
review of the cytology literature. Patholog Res Int 2011;2011:439518.
[4]. Yoon JH, Park HJ, Park SY, Park BK. Langerhans cell histiocytosis in non-twin siblings. Pediatr Int 2013;55:e73-6.
[5]. Yi X, Han T, Zai H, Long X, Wang X, Li W. Liver involvement of Langerhans' cell histiocytosis in children. International Journal
of Clinical and Experimental Medicine. 2015;8(5):7098-7106..

Abstract: The treatment of rotator cuff tears has evolved from an open procedure to an arthroscopic-assisted (mini-open) technique to an all-arthroscopic technique. With advances in arthroscopic techniques, complete rthroscopic repairs has become the standard of treatment. The potential advantages of this procedure include less pain, more rapid rehabilitation, the ability to treat intra-articular lesions, smaller skin incisions and an extremely low risk of deltoid detachment. Purpose of the study is to evaluate the functional outcome of arthroscopic repair of full thickness rotator cuff tears..............

Keywords: Rotator cuff, ucla score, double row and single row

[1]. DePalma AF, Callery G, Bennett GA: Variational anatomy and degenerative lesions of the shoulder joint. Instr Course Lect. 1949, 6: 255-281.Google Scholar

[2]. Codman EA: The Shoulder; Rupture of the Supraspinatus Tendon and Other Lesions in or About the Subacromial Bursa. Boston: Thomas Todd. 1934Google Scholar

[3]. Hijioka A, Suzuki K, Nakamura T, Hojo T: Degenerative change and rotator cuff tears. An anatomical study in 160 shoulders of 80 cadavers. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 1993, 112(2): 61-64. 10.1007/BF00420255.Google Scholar

[4]. Jerosch J, Muller T, Castro WH: The incidence of rotator cuff rupture. An anatomic study. Acta Orthop Belg. 1991, 57(2): 124-129.Google Scholar

[5]. Gerber C, Fuchs B, Hodler J: The results of repair of massive tears of the rotator cuff. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000, 82(4): 505-515.Google Scholar

Abstract: The present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of various Candida spp. infecting the neonates, and the virulence markers viz., proteinase, phospholipase, hemolytic activity and biofilm production expressed by the isolates. Out of the 243 blood culture samples, thirty five (35, 14.4%) showed growth of candida spp., of which thirty two (32) were Non candida albicans candida spp.(NCAC) & three (3) Candida albicans. Most common isolate among the NCAC spp. was C.krusei (19) followed by C.tropicalis (6), C.glabrata (5) & C.parapsilosis (2)...............

Keywords : Biofilm, Candida, haemolysin, Neonate, Phospholipase, Proteinase

[1]. I. Ahmad et al. (eds.), Combating Fungal Infections, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-12173-9_2, © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2010
[2]. Weese-Mayer DE, Fondriest DW, Brouillette RT, Shulman ST. Risk Factors associated with Candidemia in the neonatal intensive care unit: a case control study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 1987;6:190-196.
[3]. Nelson WE. Nelsons textbook of Pediatrics. 15th edition, (Prism Books Pvt. Ltd.), 1996:536-537.
[4]. Hube B, Naglik J. Candida albicans proteinases: resolving the mystery of a gene family. Microbiology 2001; 147: 1997–2005.
[5]. Odds, F. C. (1998). Candida and candidosis: a review and bibliography. London: Bailliere Tindall

Abstract: Conducting deliveries in unhygienic places or not properly disinfected labor rooms increases the risk of spreading infections form mother to baby or from one person to another person. The aim of the study is to prevent spreading of infections in labor room by implementation of policies and procedures related to infection control. To assess the efficacy of infection control practices various factors were considered and analyzed before and after implementation of infection control policies and practices. Various aspects observed were environmental surveillance reports, clinically suspected or confirmed infections of patients in labor, needle stick injuries incidence, puerperal infections rate, neonatal infections, hand hygiene compliance. These infection control indicator rates were collected and analyzed..............

Key words: Labor room, Infection Control.

[1]. Mary T caserta, Oct 2015, "Overview of neonatal infections". Merck Sharp & Dohme corporation. Retrieved Jan 16, 2015.
[2]. AAM Ahmed, Assessment of measurements of infection control in the labor room at Omdurman Maternity hospital in 2014-2015, Alzaeim Alazhari University, 2015.
[3]. World Health Organization, Trends in maternal mortality: 1990-2008, Estimates developed by WHO, UNFPA, UNICEF and the World Bank, Geneva, 2010.
[4]. MC Hogan, KJ Foreman, M Naghavi, S Ahn, J Wang, SM Makela, AD Lopez, R Lozano, CJL Murray, Maternal mortality for 181 countries, 1980-2008: a systematic analysis of progress towards Millennium Development Goal 5, Lancet, 375, 2010, 1609–1623. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)60518-1.
[5]. TI Puwar, PS Raman, DV Mavalankar, Situational analysis of reporting and recording of maternal deaths in Gandhi Nagar District, Gujarat State, Working Paper No. 2009-06-01, Ahmadabad: Indian Institute of Management, 2009.

Abstract: The introduction of platelet rich plasma (PRP) as a possible adjunct to conservative and operative treatment has motivated significant research into this topic. PRP is a set of autologous platelet products used to accelerate recovery from injury by bringing to the site of injury a set of molecules that will accelerate the functional recovery of the tissue by trying to regenerate it rather than merely repair with scar tissue. In this prospective study, we evaluate the results of PRP in tennis elbow and plantar fasciitis

............

Abstract: Objectives: This study of Conventional sinus surgery vs FESS was done in the Department of ENT, Government General Hospital, Guntur from 2011 to 2015 to compare conventional sinus surgery with FESS. Materials and methods: The present clinical study has been carried out from 2011 – 2015 after getting informed consent from the patients. This study was conducted in 100 patients of nasal polyposis aged between 10 – 60 years, 50 patients undergoing conventional sinus surgeries and 50 patients undergoing FESS at Government General Hospital, Guntur. Inclusion criteria: All patients with nasal polyposis from aged 10 – 60 years of both the sexes. Exclusion criteria: patients with chronic sinusitis, patients with bronchial asthma, patients with allergy to any of the drugs and pregnant patients...............

Keywords: DNE (Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy), CT PNS (Computed Tomography of Para Nasal Sinuses), FESS (Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery).

[1]. Stammberger H. Endoscopic sinus surgery-concepts in treatment of recurring rhinosinusitis. Part-I. Anatomic and pathophysiologic considerations. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, Feb 1986; 29(2): 143-147.
[2]. Stammberger H. Endoscopic sinus surgery-concepts in treatment of recurring rhinosinusitis. Part-II. Surgical technique. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, Feb 1986; 29(2):147-156.
[3]. George G Browning et al., scott- Brown's otorhinolaryngology, Head and neck surgery,Nasal Endoscopy, 7th edition ,vol 2, chapter 105,1344-1354.
[4]. Kennedy DW. Prognostic factors , outcomes and staging in ethmoid sinus surgery.laryngoscope.1992 ;102:1-18.
[5]. Nghi L , Mc Caig LF. National Hospital ambulatory medical care survey: 2000 outpatient department summary. National Center for Health Statistics. Vital Health Stat 2002; 327.
[6]. Blackwell DL, Collins JG, Coles R. Summary health statistics for US adults: National Health Interview Survey. Vital Health Stat 2002; 10: 205.

Abstract: Nutritional anaemia is recognized as a public health problem throughout the world. Infants and young children, who are the most vulnerable groups of the society, are especially affected. According to the global prevalence of anaemia 2011, it is estimated that in India 59% of under-five children have anaemia. The prevalence is seen more in rural areas than in urban areas. The consequences of anaemia are widely ranging and even mild anaemia due to micronutrient deficiencies affects growth, development and immunity. To keep in view the severity of this problem the present study was planned...............

Key words: Anaemia, Meerut, Rural, Under-Five Children

[1]. Hereberg S., Galan P., Nutritional anaemias in Baillirs clinical haematology. ED Flemming A.F., Baillieres Tindall, W.B. Saunders London. 1995 (1); 143–16.
[2]. Guideline: Daily iron supplementation in infants and children. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2016.
[3]. WHO, Theglobal prevalence of anaemia 2011, Geneva: world health organization; 2015.
[4]. National family health survey. NFHS- 3(2005-06): 288-90.
[5]. Guidelines for control of iron deficiency anaemia, National iron plus initiative; 2013.

Abstract: Enterolithiasis or formation of gastrointestinal concretions is an uncommon medical condition that develops in the setting of intestinal stasis in the presence of the intestinal diverticula, surgical enteroanastomoses, Cholecysto-enteric fistulas, intestinal kinking from intra-abdominal adhesions, Crohn's diseaseand intestinal tuberculosis.We present a case of sub-acute small intestinal obstruction owing to a large impacted stone in the terminal ileum in a 65 years old man. The diagnosis was made by computed tomography. Laparotomy revealed grossly dilated small bowel with a 6cm intraluminal stone impacted in the terminal ileum. Resection and Anastomosis of the involved segment was done .

Keywords: Enterolithiasis; Cholecysto-enteric fistulas; impacted ileum stone; enterolithotomy,

[1]. Ruiz Marín M, Tamayo Rodríguez ME, González Valverde FM, Méndez Martínez M, Sánchez Cifuentes Á, MaestreMaderuelo M, et al. Non-obstructive enterolithiasis: Report of two cases. GastroenterolHepatol 2012;35:247-50.
[2]. Batra RK, Sandhu NS. Jejunal diverticulosis with enterolithpresenting as acute intestinal obstruction. Indian J Surg2005;67:219-21.
[3]. Tan WS, Chung AY, Low AS, Cheah FK, Ong SC. Enterolithformation in the roux limb hepaticojejunostomy. DigDis Sci 2007; 52: 3214-3216
[4]. Wilson I, Parampalli U, Butler C, Ahmed I, Mowat A. Multiplelarge enteroliths associated with an incisional hernia:a rare case. Ann R CollSurgEngl 2012
[5]. Lassandro F, Romano S, Ragozzino A, Rossi G, Valente T,Ferrara I, Romano L, Grassi R. Role of helical CT in diagnosisof gallstone ileus and related conditions. AJR Am J Roentgenol2005; 185: 1159-1165

Abstract: Our objective was to study clinical profile and comparatively evaluate surgical and medical management of otitis media with effusion (OME). Fifty cases of OME were treated at department of ENT, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences, Imphal (Manipur) during a two years period between June 2015 and May 2107. They were evaluated for the clinical profile, laboratory findings and results of medical and surgical managements. Diagnosis was made from findings of pure tone audiometry (PTA) and the impedance audiometry. 23 cases (46%) were treated medically while 27 cases (54%) were managed surgically. The surgical treatment included myringotomy, Grommet insertion and adenotonsillectomy...............

Keywords: Otitis media with effusion, Grommet, Myringotomy,

[1]. Merchant SN and Rosowski JJ: Auditory physiology, Glasscock-Shambaugh Surgery of the Ear, BC Decker: Elsevier, Ontario, 5th
Edition, 59-82, 2005.
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children, Laryngoscope; 95: 428-436, 1985.
[3]. Maw RA: Otitis media with effusion, Scott-Brown Paediatric otolaryngology, Alan G Kerr: Butterworth-Heinemann, London, 6th
Edition, 6/7/1-23, 1997.
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Diagnostic or Therapeutic? J Korean Med Sci; 19: 739-743, 2004.
[5]. Deka RC: Middle ear effusion on children, Indian Journal of Otology: Vol. 2, No. 1: 1-3, 1996

Abstract: Introduction: acute appendicitis occurs due to obstruction of appendix lumen followed by vascular compromis e and bacterial overgrowth. Our study is aimed at recognizing the common bacterial strains present in appendix during the attack of acute appendicitis and to find if there is any association between a particular bacterial stra in and incidence of acute appendicitis. Material and methods: in 60 consecutive operated cases of acute appendicitis, appendix was sent for- a) histop athologic exmination and b) culture of luminal content from excised appendix...................

Keywords: acute appendicitis, histopathological examination, intraluminal pressure, bacterial translocation

[1]. Pieper R, Kager L, Tidefeldt U (1982). "Obstruction of appendix vermiformis causing acute appendicitis. One of the most
common causes of this is an acute viral infection which causes lymphoid hyperplasia and therefore obstruction. An experimental
study in the rabbit". Acta Chirurgica Scandinavica. 148 (1): 63–72.
[2]. Longo, Dan L.; et al., eds. (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. Chapter 300.
ISBN 978-0-07174889-6. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
[3]. Tintinalli, editor-in-chief Judith E. (2011). Emergency medicine : a comprehensive study guide (7. ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill.
p. Chapter 84. ISBN 978-0-07-174467-6. Retrieved 6 November 2014.
[4]. Varadhan KK, Neal KR, Lobo DN (2012). "Safety and efficacy of antibiotics compared with appendicectomy for treatment of
uncomplicated acute appendicitis: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials". The BMJ. 344: e2156. PMC 3320713 .
PMID 22491789. doi:10.1136/bmj.e2156
[5]. Addiss DG, et al. The epidemiology of appendicitis and appendectomy in the United States. Am J Epidemiol. 1990;132(5):910–
25.

Abstract: Background: Despite an overall caries decline in children, still 50-60% of carious primary teeth of 6-year-olds remain untreated, in 3-year-olds 13%. There are an increasing number of poli-caries patients with insufficiently treated primary teeth. Therefore, early treatment is fundamental. The goal is to treat caries and inflammation of the dental pulp in one visit to the day's surgery of the child by applying analgesia with general and local anesthesia............... .

Keywords: caries, cavitated lesions, general anestesia, invasive treatment

[1]. Stoilova R, Batashka Z. Evaluation of literature data on the prevalence of dental caries and oral hygiene status in
children with cerebral palsy. International Congress of II International Scientific Conference, 25-28 Oct. 2012, Novi
Sad, Sarbia. Poster.
[2]. Wicht MJ, Haak R, Kneist S, Noack MJ. A triclosan-containing compomer reduces Lactobacillus spp. predominant
in advanced carious lesions. Dent Mater. 2005 Sep; 21(9):831-6.
[3]. Krämer N, Lohbauer U, Frankenberger R. Restorative materials in the primary dentition of poli-caries patients. Eur
Arch Paediatr Dent. 2007 Mar; 8(1):29-35. Review.
[4]. Cehreli ZC, Cetinguc A, Cengiz SB, Altay AN. Clinical performance of pulpotomized primary molars restored with
resin-based materials. 24-month results. Am J Dent. 2006 Oct;19(5):262-6.
[5]. Han L, Cruz E, Fukushima M, Okamoto A, Okiji T. An ultrastructural analysis of the prototype single-step adhesive
applied on enamel and dentin surfaces. Dent Mater J. 2004 Sep;23(3):321-8.

Abstract: Clear cell carcinoma of ovary comprises 5-12% of ovarian cancer. These are usually large tumors ranging from 10 to 30 cm in diameter with solid and partly cystic nodular lesion on their surfaces. It is usually associated with endometriosis, but paraneoplastic syndrome, hypercalcemia, venous thrombosis may occur occasionally. Prognosis of clear cell carcinoma of ovary is poor comparable to other common epithelial tumors as it does not respond to chemotherapy. Here we are reporting a case of clear cell carcinoma of ovary with distinct clinic-pathological and histological pattern in a 38 year old lady presented with pain abdomen and mass in lower abdomen underwent hysterectomy with bilateral salpingoophorectomy.

Keywords: clear cell adenocarcinoma, endometriosis, hypercalcemia, oophorectomy, ovary

[1]. Czernohilsky, B. el al.: Clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer 25:762-772, 1970.
[2]. Kurman, R. J., and Craig, ,J. M.: Endometrioid and clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Cancer 29:1653-1664, 1972
[3]. Silverberg,' S. G.: Ultrastructure and histogenesis of clear cell carcinoma of the ovary. Am. 3. Obstet. Gynecol.115:394-400, 1973..
[4]. Norris, H. .J., and Robinowitz, M.: Ovarian adenocarcinomaofmesonephric type. Cancer 28: 1074-1081. 1971.
[5]. Scully, R. E.. and Barlow, J. F.: "Mesonephroma" of the ovary: Tumor of ,Mullerian nature related to the endometrioidcarcinoma.
Cuncer 20: 1405-1417, 1967.

Abstract: Morphometric measurements of the corpus callosum (CC) are important to have normative values according to gender, age and race/ethnicity. The present study examined the correlation between age, gender, and CC morphometrical data, across ages ˂10˃60 years old to characterize normal developmental alternations in order to be as standard local reference for Sudanese. At issue; the objectives are also to examine whether CC index continues to increase throughout life, whether there are regional differences in measurements of CC maturation, and whether these outlines are sexually dimorphic.............. .

Keywords: corpus callosum, morphometry, MRI

[1]. Timothy J. Herron, Xiaojian Kang and David L.Woods Automated measurement of the human corpus callosum using MRI Frontiers in Neuro informatics www.frontiersin.org September2012|Volume6|Article25 | 1-15
[2]. DiPaola,M.,Spalletta,G., and Caltagirone,C.(2010). In vivo structural neuro anatomy of corpus callosum in Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment using different MRI techniques: a review. J. AlzheimersDis. 20, 67–95.
[3]. Frederiksen, K.S.,Garde,E., Skimminge, A.,Ryberg,C., Rostrup,E.,Baaré,W.,Siebner, H.,Hejl, A.M.,Leffers,A.M.,and Waldemar,G.(2011b).Corpuscal- losum atrophy in patients with mild Alzheimer's disease. Neurodegener. Dis. 8, 476–482
[4]. Hasan,K.M.,Walimuni,I.S.,Abid, H.,Wolinsky,J.S.,and Narayana,P. A. (2012b).Multi-modal quantitative MRI investigation of brain tissue neuro degeneration in multiple sclerosis. J.Magn.Reson.Imaging. 35, 1300–1311.
[5]. Bearden,C.E.,VanErp,T.G.M., Dutton,R.A.,Boyle,C.,Madsen, S., Luders,E., Kieseppa,T., Tuulio- Henriksson,A., Huttunen,M., and Partonen,T.(2011).Mapping cor- pus callosum morphology in twin Pairs discordant for bipolar disorder. Cereb.Cortex 21, 2415–2424

Abstract: Introduction: Injuries at the forearm and wrist are a common cause of morbidity and are often associated with incomplete recovery of hand function, especially when the nerves are involved. Spaghetti wrist injury is commonly seen amongst the trauma patients visiting our hospital, yet it is not reported. These devastating injuries require urgent and prompt attention by a dedicated hand surgery team. Aim: The study is to determine the local epidemiological data and stating our management protocol............

Keywords: spaghetti wrist injury .hand injury, spaghetti hand injury

[1]. Weinzweig N ,chin G, Mead M and Gonzale M. Spaghetti wrist: Management and Results. Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 1998; 102[1]:96-102. Pubmed
[2]. Hudson DA. and de Jager LT . The spaghetti wrist : Simultaneous laceration of the median and ulnar nerves with flexor tendons at the wrist British J Hand Surg, 1993. April. 18(2):171-3.Pubmed
[3]. Karim K, El-Lamie M.D. , Takwa B , Younes M.D. Spaghetti Wrist : Good Prognosis with Adequate Surgical Technique and Early Physiotherapy . Egypt. J . Plast. Reconstr. Surg. 2010; 34[2]:161-166.Pubmed
[4]. Jacquet J.B, Van der jagt I , Kuyper P.D, Schreuders T.A, Kalmin A.R and Hovius S. Spaghetti Wrist Trauma : Junctional Recovery, Return to Work and Psychological Effects. Plast. and Reconstr. Surg . 2005; 115[6]:1609-1617.Pubmed
[5]. Kabak S, Halici M and Tuck CY. Results of Treatment of the extensive volar wrist lacerations:The Spaghetti Wrist . Eur. J. Emerg. Med .2002; 9:71- 76.Pubmed

Abstract: Hernia is defined as an abnormal protrusion of a viscous or part of a viscous through an abnormal opening in the wall of its containing cavity1. Approximately 75% of all abdominal wall hernias are seen in the groin. Femoral hernias comprise only 3% of all groin hernias. The lifetime risk of developing a groin hernia is approximately 27% in males and 3% in females. Of inguinal hernia repairs, 90% are performed in males and 10% in females. The primary aetiology behind the indirect inguinal hernia is believed to be a patent processus vaginalis, which in essence represents a hernia sac.........

Keywords:Lichtenstein tension free mesh repair, Trans abdominal pre peritoneal (TAPP), laparoscopic hernia repair, indirect inguinal hernia

[1]. Sultan B, Qureshi Z, Malik MA. Frequency of external hernias in Ayub teaching hospital Abbottabad. J Ayub Med Coll
2009;21(3):57-8.
[2]. Fitzgibbons Jr RJ, Forse RA. Groin hernias in adults. N Engl J Med 2015;372(1):756-63.
[3]. Kulacoglu H. Current options in inguinal hernia repair in adult patients. Hippokratia 2011;15(3):223-5
[4]. Klinge U, Binnebösel M, Mertens PR. Are collagens the culprits in the development of incisional and inguinal hernia disease?.
Hernia 2006;10(6):472-7.
[5]. Bekker J, Keeman JN, Simons MP, Aufenacker TJ. A brief history of the inguinal hernia operation in adults. Ned Tijdschr
Geneeskd 2007;151(16):924-31.

Abstract: Objective: Treatment with intranasal mometasone furoate spray is proposed as alternative to surgery in adolescents with adenoidal hypertrophy. Hence we compared the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal mometasone furoate as an add-on therapy with existing standard treatment in a randomized, open label comparative study. Design: A Prospective, randomized, open label, comparative study in patients with grade I and II adenoidal hypertrophy. Patients were divided into two groups to receive intranasal mometasone therapy and intranasal saline plus existing standard treatment with amoxycillin, paracetamol and levocetrizine ................

Keywords: Adenoid hypertrophy, Intranasal steroids, Mometasone furoate, Adolescents

[1]. Peter J.Robb, Scott – Brown's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and neck surgery, 7th ed, vol.I, Edward Arnold Publishers ©2008; 84:
1094
[2]. Kenny H.Chan, Vijay R.Ramakrishnan, Ballenger's Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, 17th ed, BC decker Inc ©2009;
64: 775.
[3]. Hamdan AL, Sabra O, Hadi U(2008) Prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy in adults with nasal obstruction. J Otolaryngol Head Neck
Surg 37:469-473.
[4]. Rutkow IM (1986) Ear, nose and throat operations in the United States, 1979-1984. Arch Otolaryngol N
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Abstract: Background : Nutritional Anemia is one of the major public health problems in the developing countries having not only an adverse impact on the overall efficiency of individuals, but also imposing an enhanced risk of morbidity due to infectious diseases. Adolescents are at a higher risk because of the gaps between the enhanced requirement of nutrients for their overall development and the actual intake. In the female adolescents, this is further aggravated due to regular loss of blood during menstruation. It affects adversely their adulthood and child bearing. ...............

Keywords: Adolescent girls, Anemia, Junk food, Line List, Menarche.,

[1]. World Health Organization, Programming for adolescent health and development, WHO Tech Rep Ser No. 1996:2.
[2]. Meenal Vinay Kulkarni, P M Durge, and N B Kasturwar. Prevalence of Anemia Among Adolescent Girls In An Urban Slum.
National
[3]. Journal of Community Medcine Vol 3 Issue Jan-March 2012; 108-110.
[4]. Control of Nutritional Anemia with special reference to Iron Deficiency: WHO Tech. Rep. Ser. No. 580;1975.
[5]. YiSW, Han YJ, and Ohrr H. Anemia before pregnancy and risk of pre term birth, low birth weight and small for gestational age
birth in

Abstract: Background: Mechanical ventilation and sedation are inextricably linked components of critical care that represent, what we do for the patients during their vulnerable course in ICU. Aims: The aim of the present study is to evaluate the use of BIS for monitoring sedation in mechanically ventilated ICU patients and correlation of BIS with Sedation Agitation Scale. Settings and Design: Prospective Observational study ..............

Keywords: Propofol, Midazolam, Sedation Agitation Scale, Bispectral Index, ICU sedation

[1]. Mehta S, McCullagh I, Burry L. Current sedation practices: lessons learned from international surveys. Crit Care Clin 2009; 25: 471–88
[2]. Aitken LM, Bucknall T, Kent B, Mitchell M, Burmeister E, Keogh SJ. Protocol directed sedation versus non-protocol directed sedation to reduce duration of mechanical ventilation in mechanically ventilated intensive care patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; 4: CD009771
[3]. Hynes-Gay P, Leo M, Molino-Carmona S, et al. Optimizing sedation and analgesia in mechanically ventilated patients–an evidencebased approach. Dynamics 2003; 14: 10–13
[4]. Regan K, Boyd O. Sedation practice: is it time to wake up and embrace change? Crit Care 2008; 12: 102
[5]. CL Gurudatt. Sedation in Intensive Care Unit patients: Assessment and awareness. Indian J Anaesth. 2011; 55(6): 553–5