iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-8 ~ August-2019

Abstract: Background:Pre-eclampsia remains the leading cause of maternal and perinatal mortality and morbidity which complicates 2-8% of all pregnancies. Leptin is described as a major placental protein which exhibits metabolic and physiological functions in a normal pregnancy. In preeclampsia, placental production of leptin is increased under hypoxic conditions, so it is used as a marker of placental ischemia. Objectives: The objective of the present study is to compare the serum leptin levels in normal pregnancy and in patients with preeclampsia and define the role of leptin as a marker for prediction of preeclampsia. Serum uric acid and proteinuria were also estimated. Methods: A case control study was done........

Keywords: Preeclampsia, serum leptin, hyperuricemia.

[1]. Abo-Elmatty, D., Badawy, E., Hussein, J., Elela, S. and Megahed , H.:Role of Heme Oxygenase, Leptin, Coenzyme Q10 and Trace Elements in Pre-eclamptic Women : Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 2012, vol 27(4), pp.379-384
[2]. UzmaIftikhar, Akbar Khoja, Mehjabeen, Azhar Iqbal, Khemomal A. Karira Evaluation Of Serum Leptin Levels During Normal Pregnancy And In Pre-Eclampsia ; J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad 2008;20(4)
[3]. H.Laivuori, M.J.Gallaher, L.Collura, W.R.Crombleholme, N.Markovic, A.Rajakumar, et al .,: Relationships between maternal plasma leptin, placental leptin mRNA and protein in normal pregnancy,pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction without pre-eclampsia : 2006 : Molecular Human Reproduction Vol.12, No.9 pp. 551–556
[4]. Hiroko Mise, Norimasa Sagawa, Tsunekazu Matsumoto, Shigeo Yura, Hidetaka Nanno, Hiroaki Itoh, et al.,: Augmented Placental Production of Leptin in Preeclampsia: Possible Involvement of Placental Hypoxia; Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism : 1998 September : Vol. 83, No. 9. Page 3225 - 3229
[5]. Anim-Nyame N, Sooranna SR, Steer PJ, Johnson MR:Longitudinal analysis of maternal plasma leptin concentrations during normal pregnancy and pre-eclampsia. Human Reproduction 2000:15:2033–6.

Abstract: Background: Cervical cancer is a major cause of death in women world wide especially in the developing countries. Lack of universal and effective screening programme using Pap smear is one of the reasons for delayed diagnosis. Objective: The study aims to identify and analyze abnormal Pap smear reports to plan treatment. Methods: It is a prospective observational study conducted over a period of 2 years from June 2016 to May 2018 at Government Victoria Hospital, Visakhapatnam. The study included all women attending the Gynaecology OPD between the ages 15 -70 years who were sexually active. A total of 4200 women were screened using Pap......

Keywords: Pap smear, cervical cancer, Bethesda system

[1]. Dr.Samar Ghazal/Musmar, Pattern and factors affecting Pap smear test in Nablus, a retrospective study. Middle East Journal of family medicine. 2004;4:1-11.
[2]. 2.Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Challenge Ahead: Progress in Breast and Cervical Cancer. Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation. 2011.

[3]. Pap smear. By Healthline medical review team. www. healthline.com/health/pap-smear#Overview1/2015/11.

[4]. Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Dikshit R, Eser S, Mathers C, Rebelo M, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality worldwide: Sources, methods and major patterns in GLOBOCAN 2012. Int J Cancer. 2015;136:E359–86.

[5]. Bruni L, Barrionuevo-Rosas L, Albero G, Aldea M, Serrano B, Valencia S, et al. ICO Information Centre on HPV and Cancer (HPV Information Centre) Human Papillomavirus and Related Diseases Reports

Abstract: Nosocomial infections occur worldwide and affectboth developed and resource-poor countries. Infections acquired in health care settings are among the major causes of death and increased morbidityamong hospitalized patients. They are a significantburden both for the patient and for public health. These infections are caused by any microorganisms (bacteria, viruses or parasites) that originate from the hospital environment, contaminated equipment, staff, or other patients.The WHO study,and others, have also shown that the highest prevalence of nosocomialinfections occurs in intensive care units and in acute surgical and orthopedicwards. Infection rates are higher among patients withincreased susceptibility because of old age, under-lying disease, or chemotherapy.Among all the........

Keywords: Hospital Acquired Infections (HAI), nursing students

[1]. Haley RW et al. The efficacy of infection surveillance and control programs in preventing nosocomial infections in US hospitals. Am J. Epidem,1985, 121:182–205.
[2]. Weber, D.J., Raasch, R. and Rutala W. A. (1995, March). Nosocomial infections in the ICU: The growing importance of antibiotic resistant pathogens. CHEST Journal of the American College of Chest Physicians, 115 (Suppl_1).
[3]. HemaGogia, Jayanta K. Das. Awareness and practice of infection control amongst doctors and nurses in two ICUS of a tertiary care hospital in Delhi.Health and Population Perspectives and Issues. 1- 11, 2013, 36 (1 & 2),p-1-6.
[4]. Ducel, G., Fabry, J., and L. Nicolle, "Prevention of hospital acquired infections: A Practical Guide, 2nd Edition," World Health Organization 2002.
[5]. Deoine Reed, PhD* and Sandra A. Kemmerly, MD Infection Control and Prevention: A Review of Hospital-Acquired Infections and the Economic Implications. Ochsner J. 2009 spring; 9(1): 27–31..

Abstract: Thalassemia and other hemoglobinopathies are genetic disorders of hemoglobin, which can be prevented by population screening and offering genetic counselling. It is a preventable disease as proved by countries like Italy, Greece and Cyprus by establishing successful national programs resulting in significant reduction in the births of affected children. The main prevention strategies comprise of targeted screening of thalassemic families, extended family screening, screening before marriage and prenatal diagnosis for Thalassemia. . Pre natal diagnoses of single gene disorders and chromosomal abnormalities by CVS is now known and well established procedure. Early diagnosis is important to prevent any possible complications. With this scientific background, the........

Keywords: Chorionic villus sampling(CVS),Prenatal diagnosis, Thalassemia

[1]. Cao A, Rosatelli MC, Galanello R (1996) Control of beta-thalassaemia by carrier screening, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis: the Sardinian experience. Ciba Found Symp 197(137–51): 151–155
[2]. 2.Sandra Ann Carson (2004) b-Thalassemia minor associated with pregnancy complications. J Watch Women's Health
[3]. Nishi Madan, Satendra Sharma, S. K. Sood, Roshan Colah, (Late) H. M. Bhatia. Frequency of β-thalassemia trait and other hemoglobinopathies in northern and western India. Indian J Hum Genet. 2010 Jan-Apr;16(1):16-25.
[4]. Rueangchainikhom W, Sarapak S, Orungrote N. Chorionic Villus Sampling for Early Prenatal Diagnosis at Bhumibol Adulyadej Hospital. J Med Assoc Thai 2008;91(1): 1-6.
[5]. Michael R, Baun D, Vichinsky E. Thalassemia syndromes. In: Behrman RE, Kliegman RM, editors. Nelson textbook of paediatircs. 18th ed. New York: WB Saunders; 2007; 2033-7...

Abstract:Overeruption of maxillary molar(s) because of loss of the opposing teeth creates occlusal interference and functional disturbances. To restore proper occlusion, intrusion of the overerupted molars becomes essential before reconstruction can be initiated. A plausible procedure is orthodontic intrusion, which demands calibrated anchorage support from intraoral & extraoral units.
The purpose of this case report is to demonstrate the use of orthodontic mini implants in the intrusion of overerupted molars. The purpose of using implants as anchorage was to eliminate the need for patient compliance for headgear wear and to overcome the difficulty resulting from the shortage of anchor units. The results showed that the biological responses of the teeth and the surrounding bony structures to the intrusion appeared normal and acceptable. Furthermore, the periodontal health and vitality of the teeth were well maintained even after one-year follow-up.

Keywords: Overeruption, intrusion,implants, anchorage, maxillary molar

[1]. Gazit E, Ausker Y, Lieberman M. A conservative orthodonticprosthetic approach for a difficult clinical situation: a case report. Int J Adult OrthodOrthog Surg. 1993;8:135–138.
[2]. Yao CC, Lee JJ, Chen HY, Chang ZC, Chang HF, Chen YJ. Maxillary molar intrusion with fixed appliances and mini-implant anchorage studied in three dimensions. Angle Orthod. 2005 Sept; 75 (5): 754-60.
[3]. Ng J, Major PW, Flowers-Mir C. True molar intrusion attained during orthodontic treatment: a systematic review. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2006 Dec; 130 (6): 709-14.
[4]. Chen CH, Chang CS, Hsieh CH, Tseng YC, Shen YS, Huang IY, et al. The use of microimplants in orthodontic anchorage. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006 Aug; 64 (8): 1209-13.
[5]. Crismani AG, Bertl MH, Celar AG, Bantleon HP, Burstone CJ. Miniscrews in orthodontic treatment: review and analysis of published clinical trials. Am J OrthodDentofacialOrthop. 2010 Jan; 137 (1): 108-13.

Abstract: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the destruction of alveolar bone, and the loss of the connective tissue supporting the teeth. Increase in the number of white blood corpuscles (WBCs) in response to LPS and bacteria are considered a strong independent predictor of future coronary heart diseases. It has been hypothesized that platelets and leukocytes being more sensitive to stimulation by periodontal pathogens, might contribute to procoagulant state of blood. AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on procoagulant state in chronic periodontitis patients. Material and method:........

Keywords: procoagulant ,periodontitis , total leucocyte count , coronary heart disease

[1]. Abdulaziz Al-Rasheed; Elevation of white blood cells and platelet counts in patients having chronic periodontitis. The Saudi Dental Journal. 2012 ;24: 17–21
[2]. Loos, B.G.Systemic markers of inflammation in periodontitis. J Periodontol 2005;76: 2106 2115.
[3]. Mann KG, Nesheim ME, Church WR, Haley P, Krishnaswamy S. Surface-dependent reactions of the vitamin K-dependent enzyme complexes. Blood. 1990;76 (1):1–16.
[4]. Sahingur, Sharma, Fibrinogen and the −455G/A Fibrinogen Polymorphism with Periodontitis. J Periodontol ;2003 ;74 ; 3
[5]. Li, X., Kolltveit, K.M., Tronstad, L, Olsen, I. Systemic diseases caused by oral infection. ClinMicrobiol Rev 2000; 13: 547-558
[6]. Hutter JW, Van der Velden U, Lower numbers of erythrocyte and lower levels of hemoglobin in periodontitis patients compared to control subjects. J Clin Periodontol 2001; 28: 930–936.

Abstract: Chronic lymphocytic ( Hashimotos ) thyroiditis ( HT ) is a common autoimmune disease in which the thyroid follicles are destroyed by a marked lymphoid infiltrate . Almost 95 % of HT occurs in women, with a peak incidence between ages 40 and 60. HT is the most common cause of goiter and hypothyroidism. Chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis can be graded based on cytomorphology. In this study an attempt has been made to correlate the grades with clinical findings, biochemical levels and ultrasonography findings. A total of 70 patients diagnosed on FNAC as Hashimoto's thyroiditis were included in the study done at the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Ongole .. The various parameters like patient's clinical presentation, biochemical levels and thyroid ultrasound were studied. Fine needle aspiration of thyroid gland and grading of thyroiditis was........

Keywords):Thyroiditis, Lymphocytic, Hypoechoic nodules

[1]. E. S. Cibas, ―Thyroid,‖ in Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates, E. S. Cibas and B. S. Ducatman, Eds., pp. 264–265, Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier, Philadelphia, Pa, USA, 3rd edi [2]. A. Bhatia, A. Rajwanshi, R. J. Dash, B. R. Mittal, and A. K. Saxena, ―Lymphocytic Thyroiditis—is cytological grading significant? A correlation of grades with clinical, biochemical, ltrasonographic and radionuclide parameters,‖ CytoJournal, vol. 4, article 10, 2007. tion, 2009.
[3]. Sood N, Nigam JS. Correlation of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Findings with Thyroid Function Test in Cases of Lymphocytic Thyroiditis. Journal of thyroid Research 2014:1-5.
[4]. Singh N, Kumar S, Negi VS, Siddaraju N. Cytomorphologic study of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and its serologic correlation: a study of 150 cases. Acta Cytol 2009; 53: 507-516.
[5]. Uma P, Karteek BVS, Himaja S, Chandra LJ, Babu AK, Laxmi B. Lymphocytic thyroiditis: a correlation of cytological grades with clinical, biochemical and ultrasound findings. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 2013;1(4):523-31..

Abstract: Elevated serum uric acid concentration is a common laboratory finding in subjects with metabolic syndrome/obesity, hypertension, kidney disease and cardiovascular events. Hyperuricemia has been attributed to hyperinsulinemia in metabolic syndrome and to decreased uric acid excretion in kidney dysfunction and is not acknowledged as a main mediator of metabolic syndrome, renal disease, and cardiovascular disorder development. However, more recent investigations have altered this traditional view and shown by providing compelling evidence to support an independent link between hyperuricemia and increased risk of metabolic syndrome, diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease and cardiovascular disorders. However, despite these new findings, controversy regarding the exact role of uric acid in inducing these diseases remains to be unfolded. Furthermore, recent data suggest that the high-fructose diet in the United State, as a major cause of hyperuricemia, may be contributing.........

Key Words : serum uric acid, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, kidney disease, hyperinsulinemia

[1]. Zou H, Wang H, Liu T, Li X, Zhu X, Wang Z. Protective role of α-lipoic acid in hyperuricemiainduced endothelial dysfunction. Exp Ther Med. 2017;13:3047–3054.
[2]. Chen C, Lü JM, Yao Q. Hyperuricemia-related diseases and xanthine oxidoreductase (XOR) inhibitors: an overview. Med Sci Monit. 2016;22:2501–2512.
[3]. Tuven B, Soysal P, Unutmaz G, Kaya D, Isik AT. Uric acid may be protective against cognitive impairment in older adults, but only in those without cardiovascular risk factors. Exp Gerontol. 2017;89:15–19.
[4]. Muka T, de Jonge EA, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, Dehghan A, Zillikens MC, Franco OH, Rivadeneira F. The influence of serum uric acid on bone mineral density, hip geometry, and fracture risk: the rotterdam study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101:1113–1122.
[5]. Taghizadeh N, Vonk JM, Boezen HM. Serum uric acid levels and cancer mortality risk among males in a large general population-based cohort study. Cancer Causes Control. 2014;25:1075–1080..

Abstract: Fine needle aspiration cytology(FNAC) has been debated in diagnosis of adult renal tumors. However its role is accepted in radiologically indeterminate lesions. There were four distinct indications for renal FNAB18: (1) solid renal masses with atypical radiological features or poorly characterized on imaging studies due to lack of intravenous contrast or body habitus. (2) confirmation of radiologically suspected renal cell carcinoma in inoperable patients (advanced stage disease or poor surgical candidate status)..........

[1]. Porter B, Karp W, Forsberg L. Percutaneous cytodiagnosis of retroperitoneal masses by USG guided FNAB. Acta Radiol. 1981;22:663–8.
[2]. Mankin HJ, Lange TA, Spanier SS. The hazards of biopsy in patients with malignant primary bone and soft-tissue tumours. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1982;64:1121–7.
[3]. Kedar RP, Patel VH, Merchant SA, Aggarwal V, Pandit AA. Ultrasound guided aspiration cytology—a valuable diagnostic aid. J Postgrad Med. 1991;37:84–7.
[4]. Miralles TG, Gosalbez F, Menéndez P, Astudillo A, Torre C, Buesa J. Fine needle aspiration cytology of soft-tissue lesions. Acta Cytol. 1986;30:671–8.
[5]. Nagira K, Yamamoto T, Akisue T, Marui T, Hitora T, Nakatani T, et al. Reliability of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in the initial diagnosis of soft-tissue lesions. Diagn Cytopathol. 2002;27:354–61.

Abstract:Introduction:The term breast lump encompasses a heterogenous clinical and pathological condition which range from inflammatory to neoplastic conditions. There is increasing interest in breast lumps due to high incidence, patients demanding investigations and treatment for symptoms and the question of premalignant disorder where surveillance is beneficial. Material & Methods:A descriptive study conducted in Guntur medical college, Hospital, Guntur.All patients diagnosed breast disease are histo pathologically confirmed irrespective of age. Once the patients are admitted, a detailed history was taken and they were subjected to routine blood and urine examination and specific relevant investigations like FNAC, ultrasonography and mammography of the breast. Results: A total of 125 cases.........

Keywords: breast lump, clinic pathological, carcinoma, treatment

[1]. Wagner Jr. Frederick B., Martin Sr. Richard G., Bland Kirby I., ― History of thetherapy of breast disease‖, chapter 1, the breast comprehensive management ofbenign and malignant diseases, 2nd Edn, vol. 1, Bland Kirby I., Copeland III edward M., W.B. Saunders company, Philadelphia, 1998 ; 1-18pp.
[2]. Mansel E. Robert, Fenn J. Nell, Davies L. Eleri, ―Benign breast disease anditsmanagement ―, Chapter 5, recent advances in surgery, No. 21, Johnson C.D.,Taylor I., Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, 1998 : 71-73 pp
[3]. Lange R. Julie Md., ―Benign breast disease‖, current surgical therapy, 6th Edn,Cameron John L., Mosby, Philadelohia, 1998 : 624-626 pp.
[4]. Ranabhat S, SubediM,BhandariA,Tiwari M, Maharjan S, Kshetri J, OstiBP. Clinico-pathologic profile of women withpalpable breast lumps in Chitwan Medical College,Nepal. Int J Res Med Sci 2015;3:1611-6.
[5]. Sheela N Kulkarni,NarsinhaV.Kulkarni, PritiKatkade. Clinicopathological Study of Benign Breast Lesions. ScholarsJournal of Applied Medical Sciences (SJAMS) Sch. J. App. Med. Sci., 2016;4(12A):4203-4207...

Abstract: Introduction: Child health in a population has traditionally been assessed by monitoring two key rates- Infant mortality rate and neonatal mortality rate.There is lack of data in respect to morbidity and mortality pattern in NICU of the state of Assam . Hence, this study was undertaken to know the morbidity and mortality profile of newborns admitted in NICU of a tertiary care hospital. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit, Tezpur Medical College Hospital over a period of two years. All newborns who were admitted in neonatal intensive care unit during study period were included in the study......

Keywords: neonatal morbidity, neonatal mortality, NICU, birth asphyxia, low birth weight, sepsis.

[1]. Lawn JE, Cousens S, Zupan J; Lancet: Neonatal Survival Steering Team: 4 million deaths: When? Where ? Why ? : The Lancet ,5 March 2005; 365:891-900.
[2]. UNICEF data:2018 : www.data.unicef. org
[3]. UNICEF Global databases; child mortality estimates, country specific neonatal mortality rate; Estimates generated by the UN Inter-agency group for child mortality estimation (UNIGME) in 2018; www.http// data.unicef.org
[4]. Source: Neonatal Health- Unicef India; www.unicef.in

[5]. Mani Kant Kumar, Thakur S, Singh B : Study of morbidity and the mortality pattern in the neonatal intensive care unit at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Rohtas district, Bihar, India: Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research,2012,April 6(2): 282-5..

Abstract: In a prospective hospital based study ,during the period from1st Jan 2017 -30th June 2018 ,3110 consecutively delivered live newborns werestudied for the incidence of low birth weight neonates and to evaluate the associated risk factors. Eleven hundrednewbornswere classified as low birth weight babies. The incidence expressed per 1000 live births was 353.7 (35.37%). Of these, 850 (77.27%) weresmall for gestational age neonates and 250 (22.72%) were preterm neonates. Five hundred eighty small for gestational age neonates (68.23%) were weighing between 2001 to 2500 gms. Mothers belonging to the age group of 19-24 years delivered the maximum newborn of low birth weight babies (600/1100) and of (510/600) these 86.33% were small for gestational age neonates.......

Keywords: Incidence, primiparous, Newborns,small for gestational age

[1]. Singh Mehrban. Disorders of weight and gestation. In: Singh Mehrban (ed). Care of the newborn. 4th edn. New Delhi, Sagar Publication 1991 : 112-25.

[2]. Glass HC, Costarino AT, Stayer SA, Brett CM, Cladis F, Davis PJ: Outcomes for extremely premature infants. Anesthesia and analgesia 2015, 120(6):1337–1351.
[3]. Hivre SS, Gantra BR. Determinants of low birth weight A community based prospective cohort study. Indian Pediatr 1994; 31: 1221-5
[4]. Park JE. Preventive medicine in obstetrics, pediatrics andgeriatrics. In: Park K (ed). Park's textbook of Peventive andSocial Medicine. 14th edn Jabalpur, BanarsidasBhanot.1994 : 313-43.
[5]. WHO expert committee. Nutrition in pregnancy and lactation; report of a WHO expert committee. World Health OrganTech Rep Ser 1965; 305: 5-19..

Abstract: Introduction: The chronic viral hepatitis B is a public health problem and remains a global challenge with 350 million carriers of HBs antigen (HBsAg). The prevalence of HBsAg varies from one country or continent to another. There is no data on the prevalence of hepatitis B in the general population in Morocco. Our aim is to estimate the prevalence of HBsAg among women who have recently given birth in 2019 at the maternity of regional hospital center (RHC) Hassan II of Agadir-Morocco. Patients and methods: This is a single center observational prospective study on the prevalence of HBsAg in pregnant women at the Hassan II hospital in Agadir, conducted over a period of 03 months (February-March and April 2019).......

Keywords: HBs Antigen; Prevalence; Pregnancy The authors disclose no conflict of interest.

[1]. Stanislas Pol. L'hépatite B demeure un problème de santé publique en FranceArchives de Pédiatrie 2010;17:1-5
[2]. Denise Antona. L'hépatite B aiguë en France : aspects épidémiologiques. Hépato-Gastro, vol. 13, n° 1, janvier-février 2006
[3]. François Denis et all. Dépistage de l'Ag HBs chez les femmes enceintes : quel taux de couverture ? Enquête en Haute-Vienne, 1 BEH n° 33/2003
[4]. S Ezzikouri et al. Genotype determination in Moroccan hepatitis B chronic carriers. Infection, Genetics and Evolution 8 (2008) 306–312
[5]. N. Hannachi a et all. Hépatite virale B chez les femmes enceintes tunisiennes : facteurs de risque et intérêt de l'étude de la réplication virale en cas d'antigène HBe négatif Pathologie Biologie 57 (2009) e43–e47.