iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2020

Abstract: INTRODUCTION:. Arising from the urothelial lining of the urinary tract from the renal calyces to the ureteral orifice, the incidence of upper tract urothelial carcinoma(UTUC) has been increasing over the past 2 decades. UTUC currently comprises 10% of all renal tumors and 5% of urothelial malignancies overall . The clinic-epidemiological profile of this disease have been extensively studied in many countries, data regarding this in West Bengal is limited. AIMS: To describe the clinico-epidemiological characteristics of upper tract urothelial carcinoma and its primary treatment modalities in a single tertiary care centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively from patients diagnosed with upper tract urothelial carcinoma and managed in urology......

[1]. Jemal A, Siegel R, Ward E, Murray T, Xu J, Thun MJ. Cancer statistics, 2007. CA Cancer J Clin. 2007;57:43-66.
[2]. Munoz JJ, Ellison LM. Upper tract urothelial neoplasms: incidence and survival during the last 2 decades. J Urol.2000;164:1523-1525.
[3]. Hall MC, Womack S, Sagalowsky AI, Carmody T, Erickstad MD, Roehrborn CG. Prognostic factors, recurrence, and survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: a 30-year experience in 252 patients. Urology. 1998;52:594-601.
[4]. Langner C, Hutterer G, Chromecki T, Winkelmayer I, Rehak P, Zigeuner R. pT classification, grade, and vascular invasion as prognostic indicators in urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract. Mod Pathol. 2006;19:272-279.
[5]. Novara G, De Marco V, Gottardo F, et al. Independent predictors of cancer-specific survival in transitional cell carcinoma of the upper urinary tract: multi-institutional dataset from 3 European centers. Cancer. 2007;110:1715-1722..

Abstract: Varicose vein surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgery in the modern practice. Varicose vein is defined as a superficial vein of the lower limb which has permanently lost its valvular efficicency, as a result of venous hypertension in standing position becomes dilated, tortuous and thickened. Traditional method was stripping of GSV with incompetent saphenofemoral junction. With advent of endovascular therapy such as LASER ablation, Radiofrequency ablation and sclerotherapy, the practice of stripping of GSV has reduced. In modern practice, newer methods have gained popularity with promising results. Stripping of GSV still remains the mode of treatment for large varicose veins. Varicose vein surgeries are associated with recurrence due to recanalisation. Stripping of varicose vein is associated with least recurrence compared to other techniques.

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[5]. Negus D" Should the incompetent saphenous vein be stepped to the ankle? " phlebology 1986;1:33-6

Abstract: Pneumoperitoneum is usually seen secondary to hollow viscus injury following any blunt abdominal trauma but in rare cases, it may be seen without any injury to the hollow viscera. In such cases, pneumoperitoneum can be due to some other causes like thoracic, gynecologic and other intraabdominal pathologies. Here we report the case of 52year male who presented to accidental and emergency department with alleged history of roadside accident. Patient was in respiratory distress and was managed with immediate tube thoracostomy. His CECT-Abdomen revealed pneumo-hemoperitoneum for which patient underwent laparotomy. Intra-operatively, pneumoperitoneum was confirmed but no hollow viscus injury was seen. We suspect the patient developed pneumoperitoneum as a result of traumatic pneumothorax. Patient was kept in surgical ward for post-operative management and made a satisfactory recovery and was discharged without any complications.

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Abstract: Aim: To study the efficacy of obturator nerve block for Transurethral resection of bladder tumor using ultrasound guided technique versus ultrasound guided with nerve stimulator. Material and methods: Study included 60 patients with lateral bladder wall tumor of ASA grade 1 and 2 undergoing TURBT were divided into 2 groups 30 each. Group A(n=30) received 5ml of 0.5%bupivacaine in the anterior and posterior division of obturator nerve under USG guidance. Group B (n=30) received the same amount of drug under USG+PNS guidance. we used two sample independent t-test, Pearsons chi-square test Results: Onset of motor block was faster in Group B than Group A, success of block was 90%in Group B when compared to 75%in Group A. But the block performance time was prolonged in Group B compared to Group A. Surgeon satisfaction was better in Group B than Group A..........

Keywords: Bladder tumor, Peripheral nerve stimulator, Obturator nerve block, Obturator reflex, Ultrasound.

[1]. Dr Rajesh V Nagmothe, Dr L. F. Vali . To study the efficacy of Obturator Nerve blocks using nerve stimulator in Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor (TURBT) under spinal anaesthesia. JMSCR, 2017:August, vol 5 issue 8, 26391-26395. [2]. Recai Dagli; Mumtaz Dadali; Levent Emir; Sahin Bagbanci; Hakan Ates. Comparison of classic and inguinal obturator nerve blocks applied for preventing adductor muscle contractions in Bladder Tumour Surgeries: A prospective randomized trial. Urol J. 2019 Feb 21;16(1):62-66.

Abstract: Background: Ocular changes are seen after the age of 40 in human beings. Therefore, ability to identify color shade and matching it becomes less as compared in their younger age. Also, in previous studies, it has been proven that females have better ability to appreciate color shade as compared to males. Hence, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the shade matching ability of dental practitioners for matching two commonly used light cure composite materials, in variable thickness with standard Vitapan shade guide after curing and polishing.........

Keywords: color matching, Vitapan shade guide, chi-square test, composite shade tabs.

[1]. Pavithra K Ramanna Standardizing shade matching with technology-based shade matching systems and color formulation. International Journal of Preventive and Clinical Dental Research, January-March 2018; 5(1):83-86
[2]. Ragain JC. A review of color science in dentistry: Colorimetry and color space. J Dent Oral Discord Ther. 2016; 4(1):1-5.
[3]. Ballal et al. Evaluation of the color matching ability of three light cure composite materials, in variable thickness with their respective shade guides and the standard vitapan shade guide using CIE Lab spectroscopy - an in vitro study Journal of Conservative Dentistry, Vol. 10, No. 3, May-June, 2007, pp. 77-82.
[4]. Vadavadagi et al. Prevalence of Tooth Shade and its Correlation with Skin Colour - A Cross-sectional Study. J Clin Diagn Res. 2016 Feb; 10(2): ZC72–ZC74.
[5]. Bayindir et al. Coverage Error of Three Conceptually Different Shade Guide Systems to Vital Unrestored Dentition. J Prosthet Dent. 2007 Sep; 98(3): 175–185.

Abstract: Aim: To identify the trend of ocular trauma in pediatric age-group and evaluate final visual outcome. Materials and Methods: Prospective interventional study at JLN medical College Ajmer from November 2018 to October 2019, patients up to age 16 years attended the casualty department of eye and undergone intervention with follow-up period of 1to 3 months till better recovery. Results: Total 118 eyes of 115 patients were enrolled. The age-group more affected was above 5 year (67.80%, i. e., 80 eyes) than and below 5 year (32.20%, i. e., 38 eyes). Boys (62.71%) were affected more than girls (37.29%). Most of children reported to casualty within 24 hours (80.50% eyes), remaining patients reported later days to weeks (19.50% eyes).........

Keywords: Ocular trauma, open and closed globe injuries, pediatric age-group.

[1]. MacEwen CJ, Baines PS, Desai P. Eye injuries in children: The current picture. Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:933-6. Back to cited text no. 1
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[3]. Kaur A, Agrawal A. Paediatric ocular trauma. Curr Sci 2005;89. Back to cited text no. 3
[4]. Burgueño Montañés C, Colunga Cueva M, González Fernández E, Cienfuegos García S, Díez-Lage Sánchez A, Diab Safa M. Eye injuries in childhood. An Esp Pediatr 1998;48:625-30. Back to cited text no. 4
[5]. Desai T, Vyas C, Desai S, Malli S. Pattern of ocular injuries in paediatric population in western India. NHL J Med Sci 2013;2:37-40. Back to cited text no. 6

Abstract: In more than 90% of cases, IHD is a consequence of reduced coronary blood flow secondary to obstructive atherosclerotic vascular disease. Abnormalities in plasma lipoproteins and derangements in lipid metabolism rank among the most firmly established and best understood risk factors for atherosclerosis. A diet high in sodium increases the risk of hypertension in people with sodium sensitivity, corresponding to an increase in health risks associated with hypertensions including cardiovascular disease. A decrease in serum potassium (K) level has been suggested to be a fairly common observation in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), which has been shown to increase the risk of cardiac events, including lethal ventricular arrhythmias. The aim of this study was to see if there is any.........

Key Word: Ischemic Heart Disease, lipid profile, High density lipoprotein(HDL), Low density lipoprotein(LDL), Serum Sodium and Potassium

[1]. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Heart. In: Mitchell RN, editor. Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2013. p. 365-406.
[2]. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Blood vessels. In: Mitchell RN, editor. Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2013. p. 327-64.
[3]. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Heart. In: Mitchell RN, editor. Robbins Basic Pathology. 9th ed. Canada: Elsevier; 2013. p. 365-406.
[4]. Adrogue HJ, Madias NE. Hyponatremia. N Engl J Med 2000 May 25;342(21):1581-9.
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Abstract: Iron deficiency anaemia is the most common health issue among the women and children in India. Women in the fertile age group and children are more susceptible to be affected by this disorder. It is described as "Veluppu Noi" in Siddha literatures. It is classified as a type of "Azhal‟ humour disorder wherein pallor of the conjunctiva, nailbed, skin, tongue is the chief clinical feature. Untreated anaemia leads to serious consequences of health issues among them and hence management of this disorder is of paramount importance. "Madhulai Manappagu", a Siddha herbal syrup formulation found in Siddha literatures has been in practice for a quiet long period. Scientific evidences favouring its therapeutic efficacy have to be established.......

Key words: Iron deficiency anaemia, veluppu noi, pandu noi, Madhulai Manappagu, Siddha.

[1]. Ross and Wilson: Anatomy and Physiology in health and illnes Elsevier Churchill Livingstone London New York Oxford, 9th edition: 60-75.
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[3]. Anonymus, Anemia, http://www.who.int/topics/anaemia/en
[4]. Layeeq S, Thakar AB. Clinical efficacy of Amalaki Rasayana in the management of Pandu (Iron deficiency anemia). Ayu 2015;36:290-7.
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Abstract: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a series of life-saving actions that improve the chances of survival, following cardiac arrest. Cardio- pulmonary resuscitation is a war against death and return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is the victory, but what if someone told that there is lot of battle left ahead. This study aims at discussing the post war scenario which is coagulation changes in body after post Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. Derangements in the coagulation and fibrinolytic systems changes play a significant role in the spectrum of conditions classified as "post–cardiac arrest syndrome(PACS). The aim of this study is to sensitize the health care system about the change in the coagulation profile in post CPR and its effect in outcome of CPR in terms of survival of the patients.

Keywords: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), Fibrinolytic, Post –cardiac arrest syndrome(PACS).

[1]. Kwangha Lee, M.D et.el. Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea. 2012 May 10.4046/trd.2012.72.5.401. [2]. Nolan, JP, Neumar, RW, Adrie, C, Aibiki, M, Berg, RA, Böttiger, BW, Callaway, C, Clark, RS, Geocadin, RG, Jauch, EC, Kern, KB, Laurent, I, Longstreth, WT, Merchant, RM, Morley, P, Morrison, LJ, Nadkarni, V, Peberdy, MA, Rivers, EP, Rodriguez-Nunez, A, Sellke, FW, Spaulding, C, Sunde, K, Hoek, TV Post-cardiac arrest syndrome: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognostication. A Scientific Statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation; the American Heart Association Emergency Cardiovascular Care Committee; the Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; the Council on Cardiopulmonary, Perioperative, and Critical Care; the Council on Clinical Cardiology; the Council on Stroke.. Resuscitation. (2008). 79 350–79 [Article] [PubMed].

Abstract: "Can a machine think and behave as humans do? Though this was a general thought, its curiosity leads to the development of artificial intelligence (AI).Artificial intelligence (AI) in healthcare is the use of complex algorithms and software assisted techniques in the analysis of complicated medical data. AI does this through machine learning algorithms. These algorithms can recognize patterns in behavior and create its own AI programs have been developed and applied to practices such as diagnosis processes, treatment protocol development, drug development, personalized medicine, and patient monitoring and care. Medical institutions such as The Mayo Clinic, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center and National Health Service, have developed AI algorithms for their departments.

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Abstract: The term non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was first coined by Ludwig J et al1 in 1980. It indicates fatty infiltration of the liver, defined as a fat concentration > 5–10 % of the liver weight in the absence of excessive alcohol consumption and other causes of chronic liver disease such as viral hepatitis or drugs. The prevalence of NAFLD in Indian population ranges from 5-28 % which is comparable to the West. NAFLD is the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with obesity, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia. The present study is designed to study the lipid profile of patients with NAFLD diagnosed by Ultrasonography and evaluate the relationship between the non alcoholic fatty liver disease and various metabolic abnormalities.

[1]. Ludwig J, Viggiano TR, McGill DB, Ott BJ. Nonalcoholicsteatohepatitis. Mayo Clinic experiences with a hitherto unnamed disease. Mayo Clinic Proc1980;55(7):434-38.
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[4]. Lopez-Suarez A, Guerrero JMR, Elvira-González J, Beltran RM, Canas-Hormigo F, BascuñanaA. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with blood pressure in hypertensive and nonhypertensive individuals from the general population with 11;23(1):1011–17.
[5]. Kalra S, Vithalani M, Gulati G, Kulkarni CM, Kadam Y, Pallivathukkal J, et al. Study of prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD) in type 2 diabetes patients in India (SPRINT). J Assoc Physicians India 2013;21(7):448-53.

Abstract: The pure anterior dislocation of the hip in its obturating variety is exceptional. It always translates a traumatism of high energy and can compromise the functional forecast of the hip by necroses secondary femoral head. One reports the observation of two patients who, following an accident of the public highway, presented a pure obturator dislocation of the hip. Dislocation was reduced in urgency under general anaesthesia. In post- re- duction the hip be stable, an articular discharge was recommended during 6 weeks then rehabilitation. After a 2 year retreat one did not note of sign of necroses femoral head and there is no gene functional.

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Abstract: Aim- To know the dermatoglyphic pattern of patients who were consuming tobacco but did not have any associated lesions. Material and method- A total of 25 patients were included in the study. These patients gave positive history of tobacco consumption, however, there were no associated lesions. Fingerprints of both right and left hand were recorded using ink method and the fingerprints were analysed. Results- Loops was found to be the most common finding followed by whorls and arches.

[1]. Madan N, Rathnam A, Bajaj N. Palmistry: A tool for dental caries prediction! Indian J Dent Res 2011;22:213-8.
[2]. Venkatesh E, Bagewadi A, Vaishali K, Arvind S. Palmar dermatoglyphics in oral leukoplakia and oral squamous cell carcinoma patients. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2008;20:94-9.
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[4]. Stosljevic M, Adamovic M. Dermatoglyphic characteristics of digito-palmar complex in autistic boys in serbia. Vojnosanit Pregl. 2013;70:386-90.
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Abstract: Background & Objectives: Supraclavicular brachial plexus block is a popular technique for providing anesthesia for upper extremity surgeries. Perineuraladministration of dexmedetomidine and magnesium sulphate are known to enhance the effect of local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of perineuraldexmedetomidine and magnesium sulfate on the onset and duration of supraclavicular brachial plexus block using ropivacaine.......

Keywords: Brachial plexus block; Ropivacaine; Dexmedetomidine; Magnesium sulfate

[1]. Kathuria S, Gupta S, Dhawan I. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant to ropivacaine in supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Saudi J Anaesth 2015;9:148-54.
[2]. Butterworth JF IV. Clinical pharmacology of local anesthetics. In: Cousins MJ, Horlocker TT, Bridenbaugh PO, Carr DB (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and pain medicine,4th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2009:96-113.
[3]. Brummett CM, Norat MA, Palmisano JM, Lydic R. Perineural administration of dexmedetomidine in combination with bupivacaine enhances sensory and motor blockade in sciatic nerve block without inducing neurotoxicity in rat. Anesthesiology 2008;109:502-11
[4]. Crews JC, Vincent WSC. Perioperative management of patients and equipment selection for neural blockade. In: Cousins MJ, Horlocker TT, Bridenbaugh PO, Carr DB (eds) Neural blockade in clinical anesthesia and pain medicine,4th ed. Philadelphia:Lippincott Williams & Wilkins;2009:160-80.
[5]. Esmaoglu A, Yegenoglu F, Akin A, Turk CY. Dexmedetomidine added to levobupivacaine prolongs axillary brachial plexus block. AnesthAnalg 2010;111:1548-51.