iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-7 ~ JuLy 2020

Abstract: The primary target of aging in body is skin, amongst other organs, hence the aging sequence need special attention. Chronologic age and solar damage are the most important intrinsic and extrinsic factors associated with skin aging. Skin aging characteristics vary ethnically among races. In this study we tried to summarize various quantification parameters used in different scales of aging across different races.Scoring and assesement of aging can provide us with the knowledge about the amount of damage done so far , as to devise treatment protocols that can increase the quality of elderly life and to prevent age related diseases

Keywords: aging, intrinsic aging, extrinsic aging, aging parameters, scoring system

[1]. Vashi NA, de Castro Maymone MB, Kundu RV. Aging diferences in ethnic skin. J ClinAesthetDermatol. 2016;9:31–8.
[2]. Tigges, J.; Krutmann, J.; Fritsche, E.; Haendeler, J.; Schaal, H.; Fischer, J.W.; Kalfalah, F.; Reinke, H.; Reifenberger, G.; Stühler, K.; et al. The hallmarks of fibroblast ageing. Mech. Ageing Dev. 2014, 138, 26–44.
[3]. Arseni, L.; Lombardi, A.; Orioli, D. From structure to phenotype: Impact of collagen alterations on human health. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19, 1407.
[4]. López-Otín, C.; Blasco, M.A.; Partridge, L.; Serrano, M.; Kroemer, G. The hallmarks of aging. Cell 2013, 153, 1194–1217
[5]. Krutmann, J.; Bouloc, A.; Sore, G.; Bernard, B.A.; Passeron, T. The skin aging exposome. J. Dermatol. Sci. 2017, 85, 152–161

Abstract: Precise application of orthodontic forces is one of the most important aspects for successful orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic dynamometer for measuring orthodontic forces often leads to visual errors and takes more valuable chair side time. In this article, we advocated the use portable digital weight measuring gauge for orthodontic force measurement to avoid the demerits of orthodontic dynamometer.

Key words: orthodontic force, dynamometer, orthodontic treatment

[1]. Dinesh SP, Arun AV, Sundari KK, Samantha C, Ambika K. An indigenously designed apparatus for measuring orthodontic force. J Clin Diagn Res. 2013;7(11):2623-6.
[2]. Patel A, Thomas B. In vivo evaluation of the force degradation characteristics of four contemporarily used elastomeric chains over a period of 6 weeks. Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists; 7: 141–145

Abstract: Introduction: Hydroxyapatite is the crystalline form of calcium and phosphorus found in the enamel, dentin, cementum, and bone. Bleaching is a common procedure and has been known to alter the enamel matrix because of the strong oxidizing effect of hydrogen peroxide and can cause significant mineral loss and decrease in surface hardness. It creates surface porosities making it more susceptible to stains. The microscopic loss of tooth structure resulting from this procedure is reversible, and remineralization can be attempted. The study aimed to compare the effectiveness of four different remineralising toothpastes in increasing enamel microhardness and making the enamel less susceptible for stains. Materials and method: Freshly....

Keywords: Bleaching, Novamin , Bioactive glass, Casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate, Calcium sucrose phosphate, Vickers microhardness testing machine, Spectrophotometric analysis.

[1]. Rajesh AG, Ranganath LM, Kumar KS, Rao BS. Surface morphological changes in human enamel following bleaching: An in vitro scanning electron microscopic study. J Contemp Dent Pract. 2012;13:405‑15
[2]. Cavalli V, Arrais C A G, Giannini M, Ambrosano G M B. High-concentrated carbamide peroxide bleaching agents effects on enamel surface. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation.2004;31:155-159
[3]. Kaur G, Sanap AU, Aggarwal SD, Kumar T. Comparative evaluation of two different remineralizing agents on the microhardness of bleached enamel surface: Results of an in vitro study. Indian J Dent Res. 2015;26:176-9
[4]. Darshan HE, Shashikiran ND. The effect of McInnes solution on enamel and the effect of Tooth mousse on bleached enamel: An in vitro study. J Conserv Dent 2008;11:86‑91
[5]. Gade V. Comparative evaluation of remineralization efficacy of GC tooth mousse plus and enafix on artificially demineralized enamel surface: An in vitro study. Indian J Oral Health Res. 2016;2:67‑71.

Abstract: The success of root canal treatment depends on the proper diagnosis, chemomechanical preparation and three dimensional obturation, in order to prevent reinfection. Teeth with open apices, such as in immature teeth or those with apical root resorption are clinical cases with difficult immediate resolution. So the treatment for these immature apex teeth, will differ from routine. Major challenges associated with endodontic treatment of immature teeth with necrotic pulp, achieving complete debridement, canal disinfection and most important optimal sealing of the root canal system. Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has emerged as a reliable bioactive material with extended applications in endodontics....

Keywords: Apexification, Calcium hydroxide, Mineral Trioxide Aggregate, Open apex

[1]. Buch A. MANAGEMENT OF OPEN APEX :TREATMENT STRATEGIES REVISITED! Journal of Dental Sciences 2(1):24-26.
[2]. Anil Kumar G, Kavitha A. Single visit apexification with mineral trioxide aggregate.Indian J Dent Adv 2010;2:122–24.
[3]. Seltzer S. Biologic considerations in endodontic procedures. In: Seltzer S, Pain In.Endodontology. 2nd edn. Philadelphia: Lea &Febiger, 1998:471–99.
[4]. Rafter M: Apexification: a review. Dent Traumatol 2005; 21, 1-8.
[5]. Sheehy EC, Roberts GJ: Use of calcium hydroxide for apical barrier formation and healing in non-vital immature permanent teeth: a review. British Dental Journal 1997; 183, 241-246..

Abstract: Introduction: The fluoroquinolones are effective against host of Gramnegative,Gram-positive microorganisms and anaerobes. Due to misuse, inappropriate dosing and schedule, Incidence ofin vitro resistance to older Fluoroquinolone is increasing. Methodology: 200 pateints suspected of bacterial ocular infections were choosen for study. Bacterial Cultures were performed and sensitivitytesting done by disc diffusion method. They were graded as sensitive, intermediate,resistant by comparing the diameters of inhibition zone according to CLSI guidelines.Eyes were treated by eye drops of older group including ciprofloxacin 0.3%,ofloxacin 0.3%, and newer group including gatifloxacin 0.3%, moxifloxacin 0.5%, besifloxacin0.6%......

[1]. Blondeau JM. Expanded activity of the new fluoroquinolones: a review. Cin Therapeu, 1999; 3-40.
[2]. Zechiedrich EL, Cozzarelli NR. Roles of topoisomerases IV and DNA gyrase in DNA unlinking during replication in E. Coli. Genes Dev, 1995; 9: 2859-69.
[3]. Hooper DC. Mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance . Drug Resist Updates, 1999; 2: 38-55.
[4]. Baurer AW, Kirby WMM, Shersis JC, Turck M. Antiviotic susceptibility testing by a standardized single disk method. Am J Clinical Pathology 1996; 45: 493-496.
[5]. Goldstein MH, Kowalski RP et al Emerging fluoroquinolone resistance in bacterial keratitis: a 5 year review. Ophthalmology, 1999; 106:1313-8.

Abstract: Intertrochanteric fractures are the commonest fractures in elderly. Due to the increase in life expectancy and sedentary life we are coming across more and more of such fractures in our daily practice. Surgery is almost always recommended treatment as morbidity and mortality associated with non-operative treatment is very high. Patients always have pre-existing comorbidities that dictate the ultimate outcome. Our study aims at assessing the surgical management of intertrochanteric fractures using proximal femoral nail......

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Abstract: A male patient of age 40 years , who was on anti- leprosy treatment for 2 months presented with exfoliative dermatitis. On withdrawal of drugs, symptoms of dermatitis subsided but on reintroduction of individual drugs from MDT, symptoms reappeared with both rifampicin and Dapsone. He had no past history of similar episodes.

[1]. WHO[webpage on the internet] Leprosy Elimination 2015. [Accessed September 24,15]
[2]. Richardus JH, Smith TC. Increased incidence in leprosy of hypersensitivity reactions to dapsone after introduction of multidrug therapy. Lepr Rev 1989;60:267-73.
[3]. Smith H, Are hypersensitivity to dapsone becoming more frequent? Lepr Rev 1988;59:53-8

Abstract: STRUCTURED ABSTRACT AimThe aim of this systematic review is to assess the studies on the marginal discrepancy of zirconia based fixed dental prosthesis reproduced by various CAD CAM milling systems and to evaluate which CAD CAM milling system produced zirconia based fixed dental prosthesis with least marginal discrepancy. Data sources and search methods A comprehensive electronic search was done in online databases, 'Pubmed'and 'Google Scholar' and 'Cochrane' based on pre-determined eligibility criteria. In-vitro studies assessing the marginal discrepancy of zirconia based fixed dental prosthesis were selected after thorough screening. The search strategy covered all studies published until February 2019 and yielded a total of 7 articles out of which 4 studies were determined to fulfil the inclusion criteria and were selected for this review.......

Key words: Computer aided design, Computer aided manufacturing, optical scanning, marginal discrepancy, Zirconia based fixed dental prosthesis

[1]. Alghazzawi TF, Liu PR, Essig ME. The effect of different fabrication steps on the marginal adaptation of two types of glass‐infiltrated ceramic crown copings fabricated by CAD/CAM technology. Journal of Prosthodontics: Implant, Esthetic and Reconstructive Dentistry. 2012 Apr; 21(3):167-72.
[2]. Andersson M, Carlsson L, Persson M, Bergman B. Accuracy of machine milling and spark erosion with a CAD/CAM system. The Journal of prosthetic dentistry. 1996 Aug 1; 76(2):187-93.
[3]. Aoki T, Kimura T, Momozaki K, Suzuki A. Graphical site simulation using an object oriented CAD model. PRISM. 1993 May; 1:i3.
[4]. Beuer F, Aggstaller H, Richter J, Edelhoff D, Gernet W. Influence of preparation angle on marginal and internal fit of CAD/CAM-fabricated zirconia crown copings. Quintessence International. 2009 Mar 1; 40(3).
[5]. Davidowitz G, Kotick PG. The use of CAD/CAM in dentistry. Dental Clinics. 2011 Jul 1; 55(3):559-70.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION-peptic ulcers are erosions in the gastric or duodenal mucosa that extends through the muscularis mucosae [13]. Ulcer perforation is among the common complications of PUD. H. Pylori is associated with 80-95 % of duodenal ulcers % 75% of gastric ulcers [13]. Lifetime prevalence of PUD in india is 8.8%. PPU is being a surgical emergency, is associated with significant mortality and morbidity even with surgical intervention. In this study we aimed at evaluating the role of Boey's scoring system in prediction of mortality and morbidity in patients of peptic ulcer perforation. MATERIAL AND METHOD--this was a prospective randomised study where we observed 50 patients of perforated peptic ulcer.Each patients observed......

Key word: boey's score, PPU-perforated peptic ulcer, PUD- peptic ulcer disease.

[1]. Mehmet Yildirim MD, Omer Engin MD et al Risk factors and Mannheim peritonitis index for the prediction of morbidity and mortality in patients with peptic ulcer perforation ; Nobel Med 2009;5(3): 74-81
[2]. Shah DhrubaNarayan ;Boey score in predicting outcome in perforated peptic ulcer from tertiary referral center in Nepal; ARC journal of surgery.2019;5(1);9-14
[3]. Mishra, Sharma, Raina et al , A simplified priognostic scoring system for peptic ulcer perforation in developing countries ; indian journal of gastroenterology 2003 vol 22 march-april
[4]. Singh V et al Epidemiology of helicobacter pylori and peptic ulcer in india . J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2002 jun;17(6);659-65
[5]. Abhishek Agarwal, Sanchit Jain (2015)Validation of Boey's score in predicting morbidity and mortality in peptic perforation peritonitis in Northwestern India;Tropical Gastroenterology 2015;36(4):256–260.-

Abstract: Objective: To detect and characterise breast lesions by mammography and ultrasonography of the breast. To compare the mammographic and ultrasonographic findings of the breast lesions and to correlate their findings with FNAC/HPE. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 100 patients with breast lesions, who were referred to MediCiti Hospital, Telangana, India during January 2018 to September 2019 Results: Maximum number of cases are seen between 31-40yrs(35%) followed by 41-50yrs (26%). The youngest patient was aged 16 years, the oldest being 82 years. Maximum number of benign cases were seen between 31-40yrs(30%). All the cases below 30 years were found out....

Key word: Ultrasonography, mammography, breast lesions.

[1]. Tiwari P, Ghosh S, Agarwal VK. Evaluation of breast lesions by digital mammography and ultrasound along with fine-needle aspiration cytology correlation. J Can Res Ther [serial online] 2018 [cited 2019 Oct 28]:14:1071-4. Available from: http://www.cancerjournal.net/text.asp?2018/14/5/1071/191053.
[2]. American Cancer Society. Statistics for 2009. Available from: http://www.cancer.org/docroot/STT/STT_0.asp.
[3]. Shetty MK, Shah YP, Sharman RS. Prospective evaluation of the value of combined mammographic and sonographic assessment in patients with palpable abnormalities of the breast. J Ultrasound Med 2003;22:263-8.
[4]. Tiwari M. Role of FNAC in diagnosis of breast lumps. Kathmandu University Medical Journal. 2007;5:215-17.
[5]. Stein L, Chellman-Jeffers M. The Radiologic Workup of a Palpable Breast Mass. CCJM 2009 March; 76: 175-180.

Abstract: Background: In Bangladesh incidence of LSCS has been escalating day by day. Many studies were conducted on the subject but most of them were hospital based study. There is a scarcity of field based study particularly at city slum areas. To cover up that gap we have conducted the study. Methodology: A retrospective study that was conducted among Chattogram city slum dwelling mothers. About 400 mothers were interviewed about their last child birth and their records were studied. Collected data were managed by a professional data manager. SPSS version 20 was used. Results: A total of 400 mothers from 400 families were interviewed. Mean age of respondents was 32±11 years. About 40% of them were literate and 70%....

Key word: LSCS, Incidence, Indications, City slum

[1]. Barua A. Text book of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 1st edition. Chattogram. Shailiprokashan, 2000: 377.
[2]. Bhuiyan N. Clinical guide to Obstetric and Gynaecology. 3rd edition.
[3]. Chattogram.Anubikkonprokashani, 1999: 619
[4]. Uddin J. Selected works of Dr. Mohammad Jalal Uddin. 1st edition. Chattogram. Rakin and Fardin, 2000: 93
[5]. https://bdnews24.com/health2017/07/30/new-campaign-to-stop-unnecessary-c-section-launched-in-bangladesh
[6]. Personal communication with patient.

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the currency of apical periodontitis (AP) and root canal treatment in instance of type II diabetic patients and control subjects. Materials and Methods: In this study, the radiographic inscription of 60 patients reporting a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) (study group) and 60 subjects who reported no history of DM (control group) were tested. Periapical status and root canal treatment success were radiographically investigated. Results: The DM patients ranged 27–82 years of age with a mean age of 51 years, and a small majority being males (26,20%). The control patients ranged 15–64 years of age with a mean age of 34 years, and a small majority being males (36,70%) The average number of teeth in the diabetic patient and control groups was 22.9 and 28.6 teeth, respectively (P<0.001). AP with root-filled....

Key word: Apical periodontitis, diabetes mellitus, endodontics.

[1]. Lima, S., et al., Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: a review. 2013. 46(8): p. 700-709.
[2]. Ricucci, D. and J.F.J.J.o.e. Siqueira Jr, Biofilms and apical periodontitis: study of prevalence and association with clinical and histopathologic findings. 2010. 36(8): p. 1277-1288.
[3]. Van der Veken, D., et al., Prevalence of apical periodontitis and root filled teeth in a Belgian subpopulation found on CBCT images. 2017. 50(4): p. 317-329.
[4]. López‐López, J., et al., Frequency and distribution of root‐filled teeth and apical periodontitis in an adult population of Barcelona, Spain. 2012. 62(1): p. 40-46.
[5]. Gulsahi, K., et al., Frequency of root‐filled teeth and prevalence of apical periodontitis in an adult Turkish population. 2008. 41(1): p. 78-85..

Abstract: Background: The aim of this study was to make a research about the antibiotic prescribing practices and knowledge of dentists in Kahramanmaras province and to reach some information that can shed some light on the solution of the problems related to excessive antibiotic use and irration use of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: In this study, a survey was conducted with 80 dentists (Female: 44; Male: 36) working in Kahramanmaras. Data were gathered through a questionnaire adapted to evaluate the sociodemographic characteristics (e.g. age, gender, length of professional experience etc.) and dentists' knowledge of antibiotic use. Their responses to the questionnaire items were statistically analysed. Results: The results of our study....

Key word: Dental, antibiotic usage, prescribing practice..

[1]. Organization, W.H., Promoting rational use of medicines: core components. 2002, Geneva: World Health Organization
[2]. Kaptan, R.F., et al., Treatment approaches and antibiotic use for emergency dental treatment in Turkey. 2013; 9: 443.
[3]. Koyuncuoglu, C.Z., et al., Rational use of medicine in dentistry: do dentists prescribe antibiotics in appropriate indications. 2017;73(8): p. 1027-1032.
[4]. Aydin, M., et al., DişHekimliğindeAkılcıAntibiyotikKullanımı. 2017; 23(1).
[5]. Patel, N.N., et al., Drug utilization pattern of analgesics in various departments of a tertiary care teaching rural dental hospital. 2014; 3: p. 804-806..