iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2020

Abstract: Fifty cases of Colles' fractures were treated by Below Elbow functional brace of Plaster of Paris (simple and economical) All cases showed union by 6 weeks. Functional reses, was excellent good, or satisfactory in 94 percent cases, despite the loss in position of volar tilt, radial deviation and length in brace, In 80 percent cases. Early mobilization and functional bracing is an effective procedure for colles' fractures. Colles' fracture is one of the commonest injuries seen in orthopaedic services. Since its description by Sir Abraham Colles' (1814) various methods of treatment have been described from time to time. Multiplicity of available treatment is itself the testimony for the fact that none of these methods offer excellent result. Augusto introduced functional bracing of Colles' fracture in supination position because his electromyographic study have revealed that brachioradialis acts as deforming force in pronation and causes displacement, of distal fragment and reported very functional result by treating Colles' fracture with Above Elbow brace in supination. We have studied result of a simple Below elbow functional bracing of Plaster Of Paris of Colles' fracture in supination position as described by Dias et Al (1987).

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Abstract: In current years, clinical photography has grown to become a very important diagnostic aid and proper permanent time-linked clinical record which are not only used for diagnosis and treatment planning but also for communicating with the patients about the existing problems, available treatment options and visualization of end results by using various software meant for showing predictable changes with the treatment¹. When captured correctly, dental photographs will provide more correct evidence about malocclusion and possible treatment options than any other clinical record. The errors most often encountered in clinical photographs can be distributed into two groups. The first group comprises of errors that result from an inappropriate selection of photographic equipment-the camera, lens, flash, backdrop, and auxiliary equipment such as mirrors and retractors. The second group of errors comprises incorrect patient-operator positioning¹.

[1]. Ningombam Robinson Singh, Dinesh Kumar Bagga ,HitenKalra ,Poonam Agrawal, DishaSirohi and Ritika Gupta, An update on Techniques to Improve clinical photography while controlling errors in orthodontics. IJSRR, 2019.
[2]. The need for dental digital photography education, Australian Dental Journal 2016; 61: 125
[3]. Phillips C: Photocephalometry: errors of projection and landmark location Am J Orthod. 1984 Sep;86(3):233-43.
[4]. Claman L., Patton D., Rashid R.: Standardized portrait photography for dental patients, AJO-DO 1990;98:197-205.
[5]. DrShadiSamawi, A Short Guide to Clinical Digital Photography in Orthodontics - 2nd Edition | 2011.

Abstract: Background: Ultrasound is the modality of choice for evaluation of scrotal lesion. This a prospective observational study to evaluate the role of ultrasound and Doppler in various scrotal pathologies. Material And Method: 30 patients were scanned with linear probe (7.5-11 MHz) on the GE logiq P5 ultrasound machine at GCS Medical College,Hospital and Research Center,Ahmedabad,a Tertiary care center providing hospital in Ahmedabad,Gujarat. Brief clinical history with detailed clinical examination finding were recorded over a period of six months........

Key Words: ColorDoppler,Epididymo-orchitis,Scrotum,UltrasoundVaricocele

[1]. Middleton WD, Kurtz AB. Ultrasound. Mosby. (2004) ISBN:0323017029.
[2]. SommersD, Winter T. Ultrasonography Evaluation of Scrotal Masses. Radiol. Clin. North Am. 2014;52 (6): 1265-1281.
[3]. DograVS, Gottlieb RH, Oka M et-al. Sonography of the scrotum. Radiology. 2003;227 (1): 18-36.
[4]. Langer JE. Ultrasound of the scrotum. SeminRoentgenol. 1993;28 (1): 5-18.
[5]. Rathi R, Gothecha LK, Gujjar R. Role of high resolution ultrasonography and Color Doppler in scrotal pathology. Indian Journal of Basic and Applied Medical Research. 2016 June; 5 (3): 461-465.

Abstract: Leprosy, also referred to as Hansen's disease is an ancient disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It could be debilitating if attention is delayed.In 1998, Nigeria had harmoniously achieved thenational elimination benchmark of ≤ 1 case of leprosy per 10,000 population as set by WHO but soon after resurgence of the disease set in, for lack of sustained infection prevention and control structures and grassroots sensitization.This study is aimed at finding the knowledge of leprosy among the people of Ikun community in Biase –West Development Area of Cross River State of Nigeria. The outcome will dictate appropriate interventions with a view to enhancing knowledge and curtailing myths and misconceptions towards leprosy in Ikun community...........

Key Words: Assessment, knowledge, Hansen's disease, Biase-West, Cross River, Nigeria.

[1]. Walker SL , Lockwood DNJ . Leprosy. Clin Dermatol.2007; 25:165–172.
[2]. Graham A , Furlong S , Margoles LM , Owusu K , Franco-Paredes C . Clinical management of leprosy reactions. Infect Dis Clin Pract.2010; 18:235–238.
[3]. PolycarpouA,Walker SL , Lockwood DNJ . New findings in the pathogenesis of leprosy and implications for the management of leprosy. CurrOpin Infect Dis. 2013; 26:413–419.
[4]. World Health Organization. 2003. The final push strategy to eliminate leprosy as a public health problem. Questions and answers, 2nd ed. World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland; 2003.
[5]. Federal Ministry of Health Abuja.Department of Public Health. National TB & Leprosy Control program, Annual report(b);2008

Abstract: Background: The patients with significant left main stem (LMS) stenosis have a very high risk of major cardiovascular events because of the extent of ischemic myocardium. Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is considered the gold standard for the treatment of complex significant LMS stenosis, especially if it is associated with multivessel coronary disease. In this study, main focus was to ascertain the impact of significantLMS disease on early outcome of CABG surgery. Objective: The main goal of this study was to assess the impact of significant LMS stenosis on the early outcome of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Methods: A retrospective non-randomized analytical study was conducted in Cardiac Surgery Department of a Tertiary Cardiac Care Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh........

Key Words: Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting; Significant Left Main Stem Disease; IHD; CKMB

[1]. Proudfit WL, Shirey EK, Sones FM. Distribution of arterial lesions demonstrated by selective cinecoronary arteriography. Circulation. 1967;36(1):54-62. DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.36.1.54
[2]. Keogh B, Kinsman R. Fifth national adult cardiac surgical database report 2003: improving outcomes for patients: Dendrite Clinical Systems; 2004.
[3]. Tanabe K, Hoye A, Lemos PA, Aoki J, Arampatzis CA, Saia F, et al. Restenosis rates following bifurcation stenting with sirolimus-eluting stents for de novo narrowings. The Am J Cardiol. 2004;94(1):115-118. DOI: 10.1016/j. amjcard.2004.03.040.
[4]. Keogh B, Kinsman R. The Society of Cardiothoracic Surgeons of Great Britain and Ireland. Fifth national adult cardiac surgical database report. 2003.
[5]. Hillis LD, Smith PK, Anderson JL, Bittl JA, Bridges CR, Byrne JG, et al. 2011 ACCF/AHA guideline for coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association task force on practice guidelines developed in collaboration with the American Association for Thoracic Surgery, Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am CollCardiol. 2011;58(24):e123-e210. DOI:10.1161/CIR.0b013e31823c074e.

Abstract: Xerostomia is a subjective sensation of dry mouth with objective evidence of decreased salivary flow. It is the most common, long-standing, multifactorial condition which increases the risk of oral diseases and affects 1–29% of the population, mostly women.It is observed in geriatric patients and in individuals using certain medications, those subjected to radiotherapy of the head and neck region or affected with autoimmune or systemic conditions. The main signs of xerostomia include dry mouth, problems with food ingestion and dryness of the oral mucosa and skin.So, these patients need special care for maintenance of oral and general health.Diagnosis of xerostomia is dependent upon a careful and detailed history and thorough oral examination. Management is multidisciplinary and multimodal: salivary stimulants, topical agents, saliva substitutes, and systemic sialogogues.

Keywords: Saliva, Xerostomia, Dry Mouth, Salivary Substitutes, Sialogogues.

[1]. Marta Tanasiewicz, Tomasz Hildebrandt, Izabela Obersztyn: Xerostomia of Various Etiologies: A Review of the Literature.AdvClinExp Med 2016, 25, 1, 199–206.
[2]. Jitender Reddy Kubbi, LokaRavali Reddy, Lakshmi SrujanaDuggi, HarishaAitha: Xerostomia: An overview. Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology, 2015, Vol 27, Issue 1.
[3]. Sue P. Humphrey, Russell T. Williamson: A review of saliva: Normal composition, flow and function. The journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, 2001, Vol 85, Issue 2, P162‒169.
[4]. S. R. Porter, C. Scully, A. M. Hegarty: An update of the etiology and management of xerostomia. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine Oral Pathology, 2004, Vol 97, No. 1.
[5]. James Guggenheimer, Paul A. Moore: Xerostomia Etiology, recognition and treatment. JADA, 2003, Vol. 134, P61‒69.

Abstract: Since its outbreak in December-2019, in Wuhan-China, the corona virus disease (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus-2 (SARS- CoV-2) has become a global threat to human health with confirmed cases exceeding 24 Million and nearly 8,22,000 deaths reported worldwide as of August 27, 2020. During previous SARS epidemic, as per studies around 60% patients suffered with various degrees of liver damage. Most of the studies on COVID-19 focused on the lung injury of COVID-19, however recent studies are unfolding the fact that liver injury is also a major effect of COVID-19 in patients. This review summarizes the available data on liver abnormalities related to COVID-19 and critically evaluates the possible causes of livery injury and provide recommendations and references for clinical treatment and management.

Key Words: COVID-19, SARS-CoV2, Liver Injury, Cholangiocytes, Ace-2.

[1]. de Groot, R. J., Baker, S. C., Baric, R., Enjuanes, L., Gorbalenya, A. E., Holmes, K. V., ... & Woo, P. C. Y. (2012). Family coronaviridae. Virus taxonomy, 806-28. [2]. Chau, T. N., Lee, K. C., Yao, H., Tsang, T. Y., Chow, T. C., Yeung, Y. C., ... & Lai, C. L. (2004). SARS‐associated viral hepatitis caused by a novel coronavirus: report of three cases. Hepatology, 39(2), 302-310. [3]. Chai, X., Hu, L., Zhang, Y., Han, W., Lu, Z., Ke, A., ... & Cai, J. (2020). Specific ACE2 expression in cholangiocytes may cause liver damage after 2019-nCoV infection. biorxiv. [4]. Chen, N., Zhou, M., Dong, X., Qu, J., Gong, F., Han, Y., ... & Yu, T. (2020). Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of 99 cases of 2019 novel coronavirus pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. The Lancet, 395(10223), 507-513. [5]. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., ... & Cheng, Z. (2020). Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. The lancet, 395(10223), 497-506.

Abstract: Background: As of 28 August 2020, there was a total of 369,911 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) cases reported in the Islamic Republic of Iran that consisted of 21,249 deaths, 318,270 recovered cases, and 30,392 active cases. This study aimed to estimate the total present value of human lives lost due to COVID-19 in Iran as of 28 August 2020 (TPVHLL). Materials and Methods: TPVHLL of the 21,249 human lives lost in Iran was estimated using the human capital approach (HCA), assuming the national life expectancy at birth of 77.33 years and a 3% discount rate. Subsequently, the HCA model was re-calculated with 5% and 10% discount rates, and the world average and highest life expectancies of 73.2 years and 88.17 years, holding all other parameters constant, to determine the impact on the TPVHLL........

Key Words: Coronavirus Disease; COVID-19; Iran; Gross domestic product; Value of life.

[1]. World Health Organization (WHO). World health statistics 2020: monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. Geneva: WHO; 2020.
[2]. International Monetary Fund (IMF). World Economic Outlook Database. [Online]. https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2019/02/weodata/index.aspx. Accessed 10 August 2020.
[3]. Worldometer. COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic (Last updated: August 28, 2020, 12:59 GMT). [Online]. https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/? Accessed 28 August 2020.
[4]. United Nations Development Programme [UNDP]. Human Development Report 2019: Beyond income, beyond averages, beyond today: inequalities in human development in the 21st century. New York: UNDP; 2019.
[5]. WHO and The World Bank. Tracking universal health coverage: 2017 global monitoring report. Geneva/Washington DC: WHO and The World Bank; 2017.

Abstract: Background: To evaluate and compare depth and percentage of penetration of Sure Seal Root sealer and AH Plus sealer into dentinal tubules with cold lateral condensation (CLC) and single cone (SC) obturation techniques. Materials and methods: Human freshly extracted 40 maxillary anterior teeth were prepared and assigned to 4 experimental groups (n =10), designated as group I: (AH Plus + CLC), group II: (AH Plus + SC), group III: (Sure Seal Root + CLC) and group IV: (Sure Seal Root +SC). Teeth were sectioned at three root canal levels (coronal, middle, and apical) and examined by confocal laser scanning microscopy. Then, the depth of sealer penetration in dentinal tubules and percentages of the penetrated sealer into dentinal tubules in each section were measured. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA in a level of confident at 95% followed by post hoc tukey test for comparisons..............

Key Words: AH Plus; cold lateral condensation; confocal laser scanning microscopy; Rhodamine B; single cone; Sure Seal Root.

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