iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-2 ~ February 2021

Abstract: BACKGROUND: Depression is an important yet most neglected mental disorder among medical students. Depression if not diagnosed and treated early may lead to serious consequences like suicides. Poor sleep quality is also rampant among medical students. This study has been taken up to study the association between depression and sleep quality among medical undergraduates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study has been carried out on 379 medical undergraduates from first year to final year. Beck's Depression Inventory – II and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index questionnaires were utilized to estimate the prevalence of depression and sleep quality and the association between them was analyzed using Chi-square test..........

Key Word: Depression, sleep quality, medical students.

[1]. Vaidya PM, Mulgaonkar KP. Prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress in undergraduate medical students and its correlation with their academic performance. Indian J of Occup Ther. 2007; 39:7-10.
[2]. Dahlin M, Joneborg N, Runeson B. Stress and depression among medical students: A cross-sectional study. Med Educ. 2005; 39:594-604.
[3]. Zoccolillo M, Murphy GE, Wetzel RD. Depression among medical students. J Affect Disord. 1986;11:91-96.
[4]. Azad MC, Fraser K, Rumana N, Abdullah AF, Shahana N, Hanly PJ, et al. Sleep disturbances among medical students: A global perspective. J Clin Sleep Med. 2015;11(1):69-74. [5]. Arroll B, Fernando A 3rd, Falloon K, Goodyear-Smith F, Samaranayake C, Warman G. Prevalence of causes of insomnia in primary care: Across-sectional study. Br J Gen Pract. 2012;62:99–103.[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Abstract: Introduction: ROLE OF NEUROSONOGRAPHY IN PRETERM INFANTS IN PREDICTION OF POSTNATAL MORTALITY AND OUTCOME IN NICU SETUP. Aims and objectives: To assess the role of cranial ultrasound in preterm infants in NICU setup and to determine the correlation and significance between the mortality of the premature babies in NICU and the various abnormalities. Material and Methods: 100 preterm infants admitted in NICU ward in government medical college, Amritsar were included for neurosonographic examination in the department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, Government Medical College, Amritsar. The abnormal findings were statistically tabulated. Results: 100 preterm infants were grouped on basis..........

Keywords: preterm infants, cranial ultrasonography, germinal matrix haemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia.

[1]. Quinn JA, Munoz FM, Gonik B, Frau L, Cutland C, Mallett-Moore T et al. Preterm birth: Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunisation safety data. Vaccine. 2016 Dec 1;34(49):6047-56. [2]. Howson CP, Kinney MV, Lawn JE. March of Dimes, PMNCH, Save the children, WHO. Born too soon: the global action report on preterm birth. Geneva: World Health Organization. 2012, p. 247-9 [3]. Villar J, Papageorghiou AT, Knight HE, Gravett MG, Iams J, Waller SA et al. The preterm birth syndrome: a prototype phenotypic classification.Am J of Obst Gynecol. 2012;206(2):119-23. [4]. Mack LA, Wright K, Hirsch JH, Alvord EC, Guthrie RD, Shuman WP et al. Intracranial hemorrhage in premature infants: accuracy in sonographic evaluation. American Journal of Roentgenology. 1981 Aug 1;137(2):245-50. [5]. Greisen G. Autoregulation of cerebral blood flow in newborn babies. Early human development. 2005 May 1;81(5):423-8.

Abstract: Background: A wide variety of functional appliances has been introduced to treat developing class II malocclusions by stimulation of mandibular growth. The available researches showed that short-term evidence indicates that the activator (monobloc) appliances are effective in correcting Class II malocclusion. Trainer for kids (T4K) was introduced by farell as a simple treatment system that combines the easiness of use and the possible positive effects of myofunctional training appliances in the early treatment of Class II malocclusions. Although abundant information is available on preorthodontic trainer, only few reports show their actual benefits have been reported. This study was directed to assess and compare the efficacy of preorthodontic trainer versus monobloc in treatment of developing class II division 1........

Key Word: Preorthodontic Trainer; activator; developing class II division 1; mixed dentition.

[1]. Bittencourt Neto ACd, Saga AY, Pacheco AAR, Tanaka O. Therapeutic approach to Class II, Division 1 malocclusion with maxillary functional orthopedics. Dental press journal of orthodontics. 2015;20(4):99-125.
[2]. Gökçe B, Kaya B. Current approaches in myofunctional orthodontics. Journal of Musculoskeletal Disorders Treatment. 2016;2:022.
[3]. Cozza P, Baccetti T, Franchi L, De Toffol L, McNamara Jr JA. Mandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. American Journal of Orthodontics Dentofacial Orthopedic. 2006;129(5):599. e1-. e12.
[4]. Stüber P. Comparison of treatment of mandibular retrognathia by functional regulators and activators. Stomatologie der DDR. 1989;39(7):446-51.
[5]. Sari Z, Goyenc Y, Doruk C, Usumez S. Comparative evaluation of a new removable Jasper Jumper functional appliance vs an activator-headgear combination. The Angle Orthodontist. 2003;73(3):286-93.

Abstract: Background: The use of percutaneous pins fixed to the bone and anchored to a scaffold is the mainstay in the management of open fractures(1,2,3).There is an increase in the number of patients requiring external fixation in our setting (4,5). We present a review of our experience of this device in our center. Method: This is a retrospective study of patients who were treated for Gustillo and Anderson type III open fractures of the tibia & fibula with external fixation in Jos University Teaching Hospital during the period 2004 to 2013.We treated open fractures by immediate resuscitation (ATLS protocol), operative debridement and stabilization with external fixation devices.........

Key Word: Open fractures, external fixation, Gustilo and Anderson

[1]. Fragoment AT, Rozbruch SR. The mechanics of external fixation. HSS J 2007;3:13-29.
[2]. Martin VT,Yu Bo. Etiology and outcome of open fractures of the extremities: A single center , Retrospective study of 287 patientsJ of Bone Research. Vol. 6 issue 2019 32-5
[3]. Grote S,PolzerH,PrallWC,GillS,Shafizadeh et al, 2012.Prevention of infection in current treatment of open fractures: An evidence based systematic analysis.Orthopede 41:32-42
[4]. Lawal YZ ,Ejagwulu FS, Salami SO, Mohammed S. Monolateral frames external fixators in definitive management of open limb fracture in North Western Nigeria.Sub-Saharan African Journal Of Medicine. 2016 vol 3 issue 3 137-141
[5]. . Udosen AM, OguduS.The use of external fixators: A review of literature & experiences in a developing world. Niger J med 2006 Apri-June:15(2):116-8.

Abstract: Fourniers gangrene is rapidly progressive synergistic polymicrobial necrotising fasciitis involving perineum,scrotum and penis. Its leads to obliterative endarteritis leading to gangrene of subcutaneous and overlying skin[1]. The anaerobic bacterial overgrowth in subcutaneous plane leads to formation of hydrogen and nitrogen giving a crepitus feeling[2].The first author who described this disease was Baurienne in 1764[3].Risk factors include diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic alcoholism, malignant neoplasms and HIV[4]. FG affects all ages and both genders[5]with a male preponderance (male: female is 10:1)[6]and although.....

[1]. nE,YeniayL,Erdog!anO, et al. Outcome analysis in patients with F ie 's gangrene. Report of 45 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46(5):649e52.
[2]. Smith GL, Bunker CB, Dinneen MD. F ie 's gangrene. Br J Urol 1998;81:347e55.
[3]. Baurienne H. Sur une plaie contuse qui s'est terminee par le sphacele de le scrotumi. J Med Chir Pharm. 1764:251-6.
[4]. Morpurgo E, Galandiuk S. Fournier's gangrene. Surg Clin North Am. 2002;82:1213-24.
[5]. Sorensen MD, Krieger JN, Rivara FP, Klien MB, Hunter W. Fournier's gangrene: population based epidemiology and outcomes. J Urol 2009;181:2120e6..

Abstract: Introduction: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are known to be one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections worldwide and account for nearly 20% to 25% of all nosocomial infections. Surgical site infection rates are reported to range from 2.5% to 41.9% globally resulting in high morbidity and mortalit. Aims: Tofindtheincidenceand risk factors, bacteriological profile, and antibiogram for SSI in General Surgery departmentof a tertiary care hospital in Western Rajasthan. Methods: Culture and sensitivity of wounds of all the clinically suspected cases of SSI were taken. Bacterial identificationandantimicrobialsusceptibility were performed according to standard CLSI guidelines. Results........

Key Word: Surgical Site Infection, Surgical Wound.

[1]. WHO. Surveillance, control and prevention of hospital acquired (nosocomial) infections. Report of an advisory group. 1981 BAC/NIC/81.6.
[2]. Anusha S, Vijaya LD, Pallavi K, ManavalanR. An Epidemiological Study of Surgical Wound Infections in a surgical unit of Tertiary care Teaching Hospital. Indian Journal of Pharmacy Practice. 2010;4:8-13.
[3]. Martone WJ, Nicholas RL. Recognition, prevention, Surveillance and Management of SSI. Clin Infect Dis. 2001; 33:67-8.
[4]. Leaper DJ, Vangoor H, Reilly J, Petrosillo N, Geiss HK, Torres AJ et al. Surgical site infection a European perspective of incidence and economical burden. Int Wound J 2004; 1: 247-73.
[5]. Sampson P. Postoperative wound sepsis rate can be cut by simple measure. JAMA. 1998; 239:9-10.

Abstract: Background: Increasing number of women face the issue of mode of delivery in their subsequent pregnancy between a vaginal birth after prior caesarean and elective repeat caesarean delivery. The objective of this study was to determine the feto-maternal outcome and also to find out the maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality following vaginal birth after CS. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Regional Institute of Medical Science, Imphal, Manipur. Data was collected using a self-administered structured interview questionnaire. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Research Ethics Board to carry out the study. Data were entered in IBN SPSS version 21 software for Windows.......

Key Word: VBAC, Cross-sectional, Pregnant women, Ventouse

[1]. Betrán AP, Ye J, Moller AB, Zhang J, Gülmezoglu AM, Torloni MR. The increasing trend in caesarean section rates: global, regional and national estimates: 1990-2014. PloS one [serial online] 2016 Feb 5;11(2):e0148343.
[2]. Liu S, Liston RM, Joseph KS, Heaman M, Sauve R, Kramer MS. Maternal mortality and severe morbidity associated with low-risk planned cesarean delivery versus planned vaginal delivery at term. Canadian Med J Assoc [serial online] 2007 Feb 13;176(4):455-60.
[3]. Silver RM, Landon MB, Rouse DJ, Leveno KJ, Spong CY, Thom EA, et al. Maternal morbidity associated with multiple repeat cesarean deliveries. ObstetGynecol [serial online] 2006 Jun 1;107(6):1226-32.
[4]. Guise JM, Eden K, Emeis C, Denman MA, Marshall N, Janik R et al. Vaginal birth after cesarean: new insights. Evid Rep Technol Assess [serial online] 2010 Mar; 10-E003:1-397.
[5]. Marshall Ne, FU R, Guise JM. Impact of multiple caesarean deliveries on maternal morbidity: a systematic review. Am J Obstet and Gynecol [serial online] 2011Sep 30;205(3):262-71.

Abstract: Dental enamel erosion is a prevalent dental condition that arises as a result of the immense consumption of soft drinks among children. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the erosive potential of four types beverages: cola carbonated beverage, orange juice, milk and tap water (control beverage) on human primary molars. Four test human primary molars were sectioned into 16 specimens that were immersed for 8 hours in one of the test and control beverage. The specimens were gold plated and scanned using scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 5000X. The results revealed the highest erosive effect of carbonated beverages among the investigated soft drinks. It is recommended to reduce the consumption and exposure time to acidic beverage and to postpone brushing of teeth after rinsing to prevent erosion and wearing of dental enamel.

[1]. Harnack L, Stang J, Story M. Soft drink consumption among U. S. children and adolescents: Nutritional consequences. J Am Diet Assoc 1999;99:436-441.
[2]. west NX, Hughes JA, Addy M. Erosion of dentin and enamel in vitro by dietary acids: The effect of temperature, acid character, concentration and exposure time. J Oral Rehabil 2000;27:875-880.
[3]. Moazzez R, Smith BG, Bartlett DW. Oral PH and drinking habit during ingestion of acarbonated drink in agroup of adolescents with dental erosion. J Dent 2000;28:395-397.
[4]. Dale K. Heavy Mountain Dew consumption leads to challenging restorative case. Dental Town 2002;3:52-54.
[5]. Bartlett DW, Bureau GP, Anggiansah A. Evaluation of the PH of anew carbonated soft drink beverage: An in vivo investigation. J Prothodont 2003;12-21-25..

Abstract: Superomedial pedicle with T inverted scar can be safely utilized in large size breast reduction without an expanded danger of NAC. The modified Hall- Findlay technique has aesthetic results and low complication rates in patients underwent breast reduction. Between January 2014 and January 2020, a total of 77 consecutive patients underwent superomedial pedicle breast reduction in Plastic Surgery Unit from the Mohammed Vth Teaching Armed Forces Hospital in Morocco. The mean age of the participants was 40 years, The overall complication rate using an inverted-T approach was 17%. The advantages of the superomedial pedicle included superior vascularity; shorter pedicle length; less de-epithelialization; favorable arc of rotation; no need to use parenchymal suturing techniques; providing superomedial fullness; and reduced incidence of bottoming-out.

Key Word: Breast reduction, superomedial pedicle, nipple areoalr complex, Hall-Findlay

[1]. Maurice Y. Nahabedian. Reduction mammaplasty with inverted-T techniques. Aesthetic Breast Surgery. 2018 ; 136-159
[2]. Hall-Findlay E (1999): A simplified vertical reduction mammaplasty: Shortening the learning curve. Plast Reconstr Surg; 104:748–759.
[3]. Davison SP, Mesbahi AN, Ducic I et al. (2007): The versatility of the superomedial pedicle and various skin reduction patterns. Plast Reconstr Surg; 120:1466–1476.
[4]. Abd El-Latif TE , Abd El-Al MH, Ali AM ,Shahout AM. Breast Reduction with a Superomedial Pedicle (Hall-Findlay's Technique): Zagazig University Hospital Experience. ZUMJ 2019;25(5);520-528,DOI: 10.21608/zumj.2019.8133.10570.
[5]. Alexandre A, Leão F, Álvaro F et al. (2011): Comparative analysis of mammaplasty techniques based on the long-term effect on the nipple-areolar-complex to inframammary crease distance. Rev. Bras. Cir. Plást. 2011; 26(4): 664-9