iosr-JDMS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2021

Abstract: Background:- Colonoscopy is a simple, safe and well tolerated procedure, the visualization of the mucosa of the entire colon and terminal ileum to detect intestinal abnormalities and obtain biopsy leads to the early detection of the pathologic process. Colonoscopy is considered gold standard for cancer surveillance, which is the third prevalent cancer in men and women. Objective:- (1)To determine the spectrum of histopathological lesion of lower gastrointestinal tract. (2) To establish colonoscopic biopsies as an effective tool in proper diagnosis of various lower gastrointestinal tract lesions. Materials and methods:- A retrospective study was conducted at the Department of Pathology, Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College. All 213 colonoscopic biopsies were examined and recorded clinical data using pre-designed proforma. These biopsies were examined by routine histopathology methods......

Keywords: colonoscopy, biopsy, histopathology, adenocarcinoma

[1]. Singh H, Turner D, Xue L, Targownik LE, Bernstein CN. Risk of developing colorectal cancer following a negative colonoscopy examination: evidence for a 10-year interval between colonoscopies. JAMA. 2006;295(20):2366-73. doi: 10.1001/jama.295.20.2366, PMID 16720822.
[2]. Levin B, Lieberman DA, Mc Farland B, Andrews KS, Brooks D, Bond J, Dash C, Giardello FM, Glick S, Johnson D, Johnson Cd, Levin TR, Pickhardt PJ, Rex DK, Smith RA, Thorson A, Winawer SJ; American Cancer Society Colorectal Cancer Advisory Group; US Multi-Society Task Force; American College of Radiology Colon Cancer Committee. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps,2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. Gastroenterology.2008 May; 134(5): 1570-95.
[3]. Guidelines for the initial biopsy diagnosis of chronic inflammatory bowel disease. BSG- A structured approach to colorectal biopsy assessment. Guidelines in gastroenterology August 1997.
[4]. R R, R S, B.v S, K.n P, S.b R. Clinico-colonoscopic and histo morphological spectrum of colonic diseases in an academic tertiary Care Centre. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2014;3(1, January 06):1-9. doi: 10.14260/jemds/1780.
[5]. Magro F, Langner C, Driessen A, Ensari A, Geboes K, Mantzaris GJ, Villanacci V, Becheanu G, Nunes PB, Cathomas G, Fries W, Jouret-Mourin A, Mescoli C, de Petris G, Rubio CA, Shepherd NA, Vieth M, Eliakim R. European consensus on the histopathology of inflammatory bowel disease. J Crohns Colitis. 2013;7(10):827-51. doi: 10.1016/j.crohns.2013.06.001...

Abstract: La méningoencéphalocèle orbitaire est une maladie rare qui est définie comme une hernie kystique du cerveau et des méninges par un défaut osseux orbitaire ou par un foramen naturel.(1) Les méningoencéphalocèles peuvent être subdivisées en groupes occipital, pariétal, basal et syncipital. Ce dernier groupe a été en outre classé en fentes frontoéthmoïdales (naso-frontales, naso-ethmoïdales, naso-orbitales), inter-frontales, cranio-faciales. (2) Les méningoencéphalocèles se manifestent généralement dans la petite enfance sous forme d'exophtalmie ou de masse, selon l'emplacement du défaut osseux.(3) La masse est généralement située dans le canthus médial au-dessus du tendon canthal médial ou sur l'aile du nez. Si la masse est assez grande, il déplacera le globe en inféro-latéral. Le globe ou la masse peuvent pulser de manière synchrone avec le rythme cardiaque. La masse........

[1]. Terry A, Patrinely JR, Anderson RL, Smithwick W. Orbital Meningoencephalocele Manifesting as a Conjunctival Mass. Am J Ophthalmol. janv 1993;115(1):46‑9.
[2]. demir , asaog lu , Ekinciler ÖF, Selçuklu A, Karaküçük S, Öktem IS. Unilateral naso-orbital meningocele and bilateral congenital fistulae of the lacrimal passages. Acta Ophthalmol (Copenh). 27 mai 2009;69(5):680‑3.
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[5]. Benharbit M, Rifi L L, El Khamlichi A, Mohcine Z. La méningo-encéphalocèle orbitaire. J Fr Ophtalmol. juin 2004;27(6):613‑6.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION: Oesophageal leiomyomas vary in their presenting size from a few centimetres to greater than 5 cm which are rare. The preferred surgical technique for leiomyomas is video-assisted thoracoscopic enucleation without opening the mucosa, which is easier, faster and safer compared to resection. In our patient, due to the size and location of the tumour, it was resected in toto using a thoracoscopic approach. ABSTRACT Benign tumours of the oesophagus are rare. However, amongst them, leiomyomas are common. Tumours larger than 5 cm are rare and may present as dysphagia or epigastric pain. Combined esophagoscopy and video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery or laparoscopic.......

Keywords: leiomyoma, VAT-video assisted thoracoscopy

[1]. H. Xu, Y. Li, F. Wang, et al., Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for oesophageal leiomyoma: a ten-year single institution experience, J. Laparoendosc. Adv. Surg. Tech. A 28 (2018) 1105–1108.
[2]. L.S. Lee, S. Singhal, C.J. Brinster, et al., Current management of oesophageal leiomyoma, J. Am. Coll. Surg. 198 (2004) 136–146.
[3]. W. Jiang, T.W. Rice, J.R. Goldblum, Oesophageal leiomyoma: experience from a single institution, Dis. Oesophagus 26 (2013) 167–174.
[4]. Q.X. Shang, Y.S. Yang, W.P. Wang, W.P. Hu, L.Q. Chen, Missed diagnosis of oesophageal leiomyoma leading to esophagectomy: a case report and review of literatures, J. Thorac. Dis. 10 (2018) E65–9.
[5]. S. Xuefei, W. Jiabang, Y. Guotao, Surgical treatment of esophageal leiomyoma larger than 5 cm in diameter: a case report and review of the literature, J. Thorac. Dis. 4 (2012) 323–326.

Abstract: Chylopericardium is a rare clinical entity that is characterized by the presence of chyle in the pericardial cavity [1]. Its association with lymphangiomas, cystic hygromas, thoracic and cardiac surgery, trauma, radiation and malignancy is well reported [2, 3]. However, primary chylopericardium, in which there is absence of known precipitating factors, is rarely encountered in clinical practice. The severity of clinical manifestations of chylopericardium is varied and may range from the complete absence of symptoms to cardiac tamponade, and thus a high index of suspicion is required......

[1]. Hasebrock K. Analyse einer chylosen pericardialen Flussigkeit (Chylopericardium). Ztschr Physiol Chemie 1888; 12:289–94.
[2]. Chan BB, Murphy MC, Rodgers BM. Management of chylo- pericardium. J Pediatr Surg 1990;25:1185–9.
[3]. Dib C, Tajik AJ, Park S, Kheir ME, Khandieria B, Mookadam F. Chylopericardium in adults: a literature review over the past decade (1996–2006). J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2008;136: 650–6.
[4]. Pitol R, Pederiva JR, Pasin F, Vitola D. Isolated chylopericardium after cardiac surgery. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2004;82(4):384-9. doi: 10.1590/s0066-782x2004000400010 pmid: 15320559
[5]. Sagrista-Sauleda J, Angel J, Permanyer-Miralda G, Soler-Soler J. Long-term follow-up of idiopathic chronic pericardial effusion. N Engl J Med. 1999;341(27):2054-9. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199912303412704 pmid: 10615077.

Abstract: Caroli's syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive inherited disorder and it is the involvement of small biliary ducts and congenital hepatic fibrosis. Both Caroli disease and syndrome share similar clinical features include abdominal pain, hepatomegaly, steatorrhoea, portal hypertension and hematuria, renal stones, infection, azotemia, and hypertension if there is renal involvement. Diagnosis is made by ultrasonography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP), and treatment is medical and surgical in severe cases. Our case is a 15 years old girl with abdominal pain, fever, hematemesis, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly, and imaging was suggestive of Caroli's syndrome. Non-pediatric clinicians should not ignore this rare kind of congenital liver disorder when they encounter unexplained portal hypertension, abdominal pain, hepatomegaly.

Keywords: Caroli disease, Caroli's syndrome, congenital hepatic fibrosis, Rare disease, childhood, polycystic disease, liver disease, recurrent bacterial infections, congenital bile duct dilatation )

[1]. Mittal D, Mandela A, Bajpai M, Pandey RK., Dash NR. Unilobar Caroli's disease and its management in an 8-year-old girl. Journal of Indian Association of Pediatric Surgeons, 2013; 18(2): 90–91.
[2]. Janowski K., Goliszek M, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Jankowska I, Pawłowska J. Congenital hepatic fibrosis in a 9-year-old female patient - a case report. Clinical and experimental hepatology 2017; 3(3): 176–179.
[3]. Liang, JJ, Kamath PS. Caroli syndrome. Mayo Clinic proceedings 2013; 88(6): e59.
[4]. Narsanská A, Treska V, Mírka H, Mukensnabl P, Chlumská A. Caroliho nemoc--dilatace intrahepatálních zlucových cest . Caroli disease--dilatation of intrahepatic bile ducts. Rozhl Chir. 2011; 90(5):281-284.
[5]. Tan K., Liu P, Pang L, Yang W, Hou F. A human ciliopathy with the polycystic ovarian syndrome and multiple subcutaneous cysts: A rare case report. Medicine 2018; 97:50-51.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION : Rupture uterus is a rare but life threatening obstetric complication. This is a one year (May 2019 - May 2020) retrospective study of cases of uterine rupture in labor room in tertiary care centre . AIM : The aim of our study was to evaluate the incidence of uterine rupture, obstetric risk factor, cause of uterine rupture, management modalities & associated maternal & fetal outcome MATERIAL AND METHOD : Retrospective analytical study of 19 cases of uterine rupture in A.N.M.M.C.H, GAYA, BIHAR was collected from case record of 1,490 deliveries during one year span (May 2019 – May 2020) . Parameter like age , gravida and parity, cause of rupture, type of rupture, site of rupture, surgical management & fetal outcome were recorded. Statistical analysis : categorical......

Keywords: Rupture of uterus, cesarean section, fetal mortality , maternal morbidity

[1]. WHO systematic review of maternal mortality and morbidity : the prevalence of uterine rupture BJOG: an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology September 2005, vol. 112, pp.1221-1228.
[2]. Smith JG, Mertz HL, Meril DC. Indentifying risk factors for uterine rupture. Clin Perinatol.2008;35:38-99.(PUBMED )(GOOGLE SCHOLAR)
[3]. Omole- Ohons i A ,Attah R. Risk factors for ruptured uterus in a developing country. Gynecol Obstet.2011;1:102 (GOOGLE SCHOLAR)
[4]. Rupture uterus : a prospective observational study of 25 consecutive cases in a tertiary referral centre in south India Rashmi Desai , Amitha V. Kamat. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017 jun ;6960: 2601-2606.
[5]. American college of obstetrician and gynaecologist. ACOG practical bulletin no .115: vaginal birth after previous cesarean delivery. Obstet gyneacol.2010;116:450-63. (PUBMED ) (GOOGLE SCHOLAR)

Abstract: Résumé Introduction Le Choriocarcinome est une tumeur rare due à la prolifération anarchique d'une cellule germinale gonadique ou extra-gonadique. Observation Une femme de 47 ans, en péri ménopause, présente d'une méno-métrorragies, dans un contexte d'observation d'état général. Le diagnostic de Choriocarcinome affirmé après résultat Anapath de pièce d'hystérectomie et dans bilans d'extension découverte des métastases pulmonaire. Une poly-chimiothérapie a permis, d'obtenir une rémission de bonne qualité......

Keywords:Choriocarcinome • Trophoblastic neoplasm • hydatidiform mole • Chorionic gonadotropin

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[3]. Regis C, Taieb S, Lesoin A, Baranzelli MC, Blehaut T, Leblanc E : Présentation inhabituelle d'un choriocarcinome gestationnel.
Gynecol Obstet Fertil 2006 ; 34 : 716-9.
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Abstract: Background Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common psychiatric problem in about 30 to 50% children who are referred to child psychiatric clinic. ADHD is by far common in males and Conduct Disorder is the most common comorbidity. Inattentive type of ADHD are most likely to have comorbidity. Materials and Methods 1. Specially designed proforma for recording socio-demographic & clinical information. 2. Conners' Abbreviated Rating Scale (CARS)(Conners,1973) for assessing severity of ADHD. 3. Kiddie-SADS Present and Lifetime version(K-SADS-PL) scale for assessment of comorbid psychiatric conditions. Results First born children showed higher propensity to develop......

Keywords: ADHD, DSM-4, K-SADS-PL, IQ Score, Conners Abbreviated Rating Scale, co-morbidity

[1]. Goldman LS, Genel M, Bezman RJ, Slanetz PJ. Diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Council on Scientific Affairs, American Medical Association. JAMA. 1998;279:1100–1106
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[3]. Hechtman L. ADHD and bipolar diorder. ADHD Report. 1999;7:1–4.
[4]. Applegate, B., Lahey, B. B., & Hart, E. L., et al. (1997). Validity of age-of-onset criterion for ADHD: A report from the DSM-IV field trials. Journal of American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 36, 1211-1221.
[5]. Staller, J. &Faraone, S.V. (2006). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in girls:Epidemiology and management. CNS Drugs, 20, 107-123.

Abstract: Fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue is a rare disease. Ectopic breast tissues are found along milk line. Malignancy is more common than fibroadenoma in ectopic breast tissue. Ectopic breast tissue can be present with nipple or without nipple areola complex. Here we report a case of 40 years old patient having fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue in right axilla without nipple areola complex. Patient underwent excision and biopsy. Histopathology confirmed it as fibroadenoma of the ectopic breast tissue. This case has been reported for its rarity and to reemphasise the importance of screening of EBT for any pathology during routine screening of breast.

Keywords: Ectopic breast tissue, Fibroadenoma, Milk line

[1]. Harun C, Ertan B, Ozer A, Rana C. Fibroadenoma of the ectopic breast of the axilla - a case report. Pol J Pathol. 2006;57(4):209-11.
[2]. Coras B, Landthaler M, Hofstaedter F, Meisel C, Hohenleutner U. Fibroadenoma of the axilla. Dermatol Surg. 2005;31:1152-4.
[3]. Burdick AE, Thomas KA, Welsh E, Powell J, Elgart GW. Axillary polymastia. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2003;49:1154-6.
[4]. Rizvi G, Pandey H, Gupta MK. Fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue in axilla. J Case Reports. 2012;2(2):13–5.
[5]. Balmiki P, Mourya K. Fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue in chest wall: a rare case report and review of the literature. Int Surg J 2019;6:3389-92..

Abstract: Background: Early orthodontic treatment in mixed dentition period is important to develop dentitions in such a way that they should have functional and morphological occlusion. Anterior crossbite and thumb sucking habits are two conditions which are required immediate attention and correction irrespective of other associated contraindications. These conditions can be treated by interceptive orthodontic treatment modalities. This will help to guide the dentition from malocclusion to a normal occlusion.....

Keywords: mixed dentition, Interceptive orthodontics, anterior crossbite, thumb sucking, Z spring, palatal crib..

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