iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2022

Abstract: Purpose – To report a case series of eight patients presenting with decrease or sudden loss of vision after surgery for Rhino-orbital mucormycosis who were previously infected with Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed COVID-19. Method –We analysed visual complications and causes of decrease or loss of vision in nine eyes of eight patients undergoing surgical interventions. Detailed ophthalmic examination was done. Patients were analysed for clinical features, findings of nasal endoscopy, laboratory and radiological investigations, surgical intervention and visual complications. Result -Age ranged from 40 to 70 years. Ophthalmic examination revealed compressive optic neuropathy, partial and total optic atrophy as main causes of post operative decrease in vision, other causes being central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) and branched retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Conclusion- Post operative decrease in vision was most commonly found after FESS surgery in patients of 40-50 years aged males, most common cause being partial optic atrophy..

Keywords: Rhino-orbital mucormycosis, Optic nerve injury, Optic nerve compression, Functional Endoscopic sinus surgery, COVID 19, Mucormycosis

[1]. Sachdeva K. Rhino-oculo cerebral mucormycosis with multiple cranial nerve palsy in diabetic patient: review of six cases. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2013 Dec 1;65(4):375-9
[2]. Nien CW, Lee CY, Wu PH, Chen HC, Chi JC, Sun CC, Huang JY, Lin HY, Yang SF. The development of optic neuropathy after chronic rhinosinusitis: A population-based cohort study. PloS one. 2019 Aug 7;14(8):e0220286
[3]. Lund VJ, Wright A, Yiotakis J. Complications and medicolegal aspects of endoscopic sinus surgery. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine. 1997 Aug;90(8):422-8
[4]. May M, Levine HL, Mester SJ, Schaitkin B. Complications of endoscopic sinus surgery: analysis of 2108 patients—incidence and prevention. The Laryngoscope. 1994 Sep;104(9):1080-3
[5]. Hosemann W, Draf C. Danger points, complications and medico-legal aspects in endoscopic sinus surgery. GMS current topics in otorhinolaryngology, head and neck surgery. 2013;12

Abstract: Background: Correct inhaler technique is strongly associated with disease control, exacerbations, and healthcare costs. The objective of the study is to determine real life predictors of correct technique of pMDIs in obstructive airway disease patients. Materials and methods: 100 diagnosed patients of obstructive airway diseases, aged ≥18 years from respiratory outpatients were recruited for this cross-sectional study. A questionnaire containing 14 real life predictors was administered and the pMDI technique (with or without spacer) was observed by a trained researcher on a 12-point checklist, of which 4 were considered critical. Results: 22% patients did ≥10 steps correctly and....

Keywords: Obstructive airway disease, critical error, inhalation technique..

[1]. Maricoto T, Santos D, Carvalho C, Teles I, Correia-de-Sousa J, Taborda-Barata L. Assessment of Poor Inhaler Technique in Older Patients with Asthma or COPD: A Predictive Tool for Clinical Risk and Inhaler Performance. Drugs Aging. 2020 Aug;37(8):605–16.
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[3]. 2021 GINA Main Report - Global Initiative for Asthma - GINA [Internet]. [cited 2022 Feb 22]. Available from: https://ginasthma.org/gina-reports/
[4]. Rogliani P, Calzetta L, Coppola A, et al. Optimizing drug delivery in COPD: the role of inhaler devices. Respir Med 2017;124:6–14.
[5]. Virchow JC, Crompton GK, Dal Negro R, Pedersen S, Magnan A, Seidenberg J, et al. Importance of inhaler devices in the management of airway disease. Respiratory Medicine. 2008 Jan;102(1):10–9.

Abstract: A case of 23-year-old female with 3-year history of intense desire to pull her hair from scalp which relieved after pulling resulted in diffuse hair loss over the scalp. This behaviour started as a result of anxiety and boredom caused by lockdown of COVID 19. The patient was treated for Alopecia areata multiple times without any results referred from dermatology clinic was diagnosed with Trichotillomania. She had co morbid moderate anxiety and depression. patient was treated with a combination of Fluoxetine and psychotherapy in the form of Habit reversal Therapy aided with Jacobson's Progressive Muscle Relaxation (JPMR) exercise and diaphragmatic breathing. The combined approach has reduced the debilitating behaviour of the patient..

Key Word: COVID-19, Alopecia areata, Trichotillomania, Habit Reversal Therapy, JPMR

[1]. Gerstenblith TA, Jaramillo-Huff A, Ruutiainen T, Nestadt PS, Samuels JF, Grados MA. et al., Trichotillomania comorbidity in a sample enriched for familial obsessive-compulsive disorder. Compr. Psychiatry. 2019 Oct 1;94:1521-23. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2019.152123.
[2]. Grant JE, Peris TS, Ricketts EJ, Lochner C, Stein DJ, Stochl J.et al., Identifying subtypes of trichotillomania (hair pulling disorder) and excoriation (skin picking) disorder using mixture modeling in a multicenter sample. J.Psychiatr.Res. 2021 May 1;137:603-12. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.001
[3]. American Psychiatric Association. DSM 5 diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. In DSM 5 Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders 2013 (pp. 947-p).
[4]. Grant JE, Chamberlain SR. Salivary sex hormones in adolescent females with trichotillomania. Psychiatry research. 2018 Jul 1;265:221-3. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.05.012
[5]. Pathulos JT, Olson SJ, Idnani A, Farah RS, Hordinsky MK, Widge AS. Cross-sectional survey examining skin picking and hair pulling disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2021; 84:771-773. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2020.11.011. Epub 2020 Dec 3..

Abstract: Gestational gygontomastia is an exaggerated and pathological breast enlargement occurring during pregnancy in a patient with previously normal breasts. It is a rare disease, the etiology remains unknown, and causes a problem in the management of pregnancy. The treatment is surgical based on bilateral mastectomy then a breast reconstruction because of frequent recurrences after breast reduction.
We report the case of a patient who presented with bilateral gigantomastia of pregnancy, who was received at the mother-child radiology department at CHU HASSAN II in Fez, for radiological assessement in order to plan treatment. This article discusses the physiopathological mechanisms, the etiopathogenic aspects, the radiological results of the various examinations and the therapeutic strategy.

Keywords: Gigontonastia, pregnancy, biopsy, imaging

[1]. Chargui R, Houimli S, Damak T, Khomsi F, Ben Hasouna J, Gamoudi A, et al. Relapse of gigantomastia after mammoplasty. Ann Chir 2005;130:181—5.
[2]. Boufettal H, Khalkane L, Dlia H, Mahdaoui S, et al. Gigantomastie gravidique bilatérale: à propos d'un cas. Jour Gyn Obs Biol Reprod. 2009;38, 3:254–257.
[3]. Dem A, Wone H, Faye M, Dangou JM, Touré P. La gigantomastie gravidique bilatérale. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod 2009;38:254—7.
[4]. Mangla M, Singla D. Gestational Gigantomastia: A Systematic Review of Case Reports. J Midlife Health. 2017;8, 1:40-44.
[5]. Türkan H, Gökgöz MŞ, Taşdelen, Dündar HZ. Gigantomastie gestationnelle. J Santé du sein. 2016; 12, 2: 86-87..

Abstract: Introduction Tempromandibular joint (TMJ) internal derangement (ID) is one of the most common forms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD). This term used to denote a mechanical fault in the joint interfering with its smooth movement, such as an abnormal positional relationship of the articular disc to the mandibular condyle and the articular eminence. Thus, the term has been used synonymously with disc displacement. The disorders have been associated with characterisitic clinical findings, including pain, joint sounds, headache, and irregular or deviated jaw functions.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of botulinum toxin type A injection in the lateral pterygoid muscle on temporomandibular joint clicking versus occlusal splint therapy and botulinum toxin type.....

Key Word: Botilinium toxin, Lateral pterygoid muscle, Occlusal splint.

[1]. Young AL. Internal derangements of the temporomandibular joint: A review of the anatomy, diagnosis, and management. J Indian Prosthodont Soc. 2015 Jan-Mar; 15(1):2-7.
[2]. Stelzenmueller W, Umstadt H, Weber D, Goenner-Oezkan V, Kopp S, Lisson J. Evidence - The intraoral palpability of the lateral pterygoid muscle - A prospective study. Ann Anat. 2016 Jul; 206:89-95.
[3]. Madani AS, and Mirmortazavi A. Comparison of three treatment options for painful temporomandibular joint clicking. J of Oral Science. 2011; 53:349-54.
[4]. Al-Belasy FA, Dolwick MF. Arthrocentesis for the treatment of temporomandibular joint closed lock: a review article. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2007; 36:773–82.
[5]. Bakke M, Møller E, Werdelin LM, Dalager T, Kitai N, Kreiborg S. Treatment of severe temporomandibular joint clicking with botulinum toxin in the lateral pterygoid muscle in two cases of anterior disc displacement. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2005 Dec; 100(6):693-700..

Abstract: Iliopsoas abscess is a rare condition that carries a risk of mortality when not treated appropriately. There is a paucity of high-level evidence concerning the management of this abscess and very sparse data is available in the literature regarding treatment options. We present here a 67 years old obese, malnourished woman with a giant primary psoas abscess. A retroperitoneoscopic drainage of the abscess was found beneficial reducing morbidity..

Key Word: Psoas abscess, Retroperitoneoscopic drainage, primary psoas abscess, extraperitoneal

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[5]. Walsh TR, Reilly JR, Hanley E, Webster M, Peitzman A, Steed DL. Changing etiology of iliopsoas abscess. Am J Surg. 1992 Apr;163(4):413–16.

Abstract: Anal disorders are one of the most commonly encountered diseases in a regular surgical out-patient clinic. However, the understanding of this entity remains obscure amongst the patients and evaluation by the clinician is mainly restricted to the relief of symptoms only. This group of disorders affects most of the population with a wide range from younger to elderly and across the gender. The process of defecation is complex, reflex dependent and the synchronous action of various sphincter mechanisms. Straining during defecation is against physiological principles and causes structural damage to soft tissue structures situated in and around the anal canal. This is an attempt to focus on developing a basic understanding of the complex process of defecation, explain the effect of individual response to symptoms and stress.......

Key Words : Constipation; Straining; Defecation; Internal Anal Sphincter; Anal manometry

[1]. Cor G.M.I. Baeten and Wim Hameeteman, Chapter 36, Chronic Constipation, Anorectal and colonic disorders: A Practical Guide to Their Management, Third edition 2009.
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[3]. Stelzner F, Staubesand J, Machleidt H (1962) Das Corpus cavernosum recti – die Grundlage der inneren Hamorrhoiden. Langenbecks Arch Chir 299:302–312
[4]. Yamada S, Uwabe C, Nakatsu-Komatsu T, et al. (2006) Graphic and movie illustrations of human prenatal development and their application to embryological education based on the human embryo specimens in the Kyoto collection. Dev Dyn 235:468–477.
[5]. Felix Aigner and Helga Fritsch, Section 1 Chapter 1.3 Anorectal and Colonic Diseases; A Practical Guide to Their Management, Third Edition, 2009.

Abstract: BACKGROUND Echocardiography is a non-invasive assessment tool for the assessment of pulmonary artery pressures. The prevalence of Pulmonary hypertension is higher in HIV patients than in the general population. The pathogenesis of HIV associated PHT is still uncertain however it has been associated chronic chest infection, thromboembolism and right sided heart disease. Few African studies have evaluated the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in this group of patients.This study seeks to contribute to knowledge with regards to this subject area and to understand the impact of right heart disease on the prevalence of pulmonary hypertension in HIV and AIDs.....

[1]. Anthony SF, Lane HC, Human Immunodeficiency Virus disease, AIDS and related disorders, Harrison principles of internal medicine, 17th edition. McGraw Hill Companies, 2008, 1076-1139.
[2]. Shavadia J,Das S, Yonga G, HIV associated Pulmonary Hypertension: Case Report. East Afri Med J,2008:85: 564-567.
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[4]. Pellicelli A, Barbaro G, Palmieri F et al. Primary pulmonary hypertension in HIV disease: a systematic review. Angiology;2001; 52:31-41.
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Abstract: Introduction: Nutritional problems are a global epidemic in developed and developing countries. Poor nutrition can lead to obesity. Obesity is a state that exceeds the relative body weight of a person as a result of the accumulation of nutrients, especially carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Saliva is an exocrine fluid that is released into the oral cavity through the salivary glands. Poor nutritional status can affect the secretion and composition of saliva, which involves an increase in the viscosity of saliva, which is it can affect the digestion of food and a person's quality of life. This study aims to determine the effect of body weight on salivary viscosity. Methods: This study used a descriptive....

Key Word: Salivary, salivary viscosity, obesity

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[3]. Wirawan E, Puspita S. Hubungan pH saliva dan kemampuan buffer dengan dmf-t dan def-t pada periode gigi bercampur anak usia 6-12 tahun. Insisiva Dental Journal 2017; 6(1): 25-30.
[4]. Arpa S, Jubhari EH. Sifat saliva dan hubungannya dengan pemakaian gigi tiruan lepasan. Makassar Dent J 2017; 6(2): 78-82.
[5]. Fernanda V, Pangemanan DHC, Khoman JA. Hubungan indeks massa tubuh dengan laju aliran saliva pada mahasiswa program studi pendidikan dokter gigi universitas sam ratulangi. Jurnal E-Gigi 2018; 6(1): 22-6..