iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-6 ~ June 2022

Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 was declared pandemic by WHO in 2020 march. Apart from the varied clinical features and laboratory diagnosis, HRCT of lungs played a major role in diagnosis, grading the severity of the disease, associated complications and sequelae changes. Here, we present a study done at our institute showing the imaging findings of covid pneumonia, safety and efficacy of covid vaccination. Also, how High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) of lungs played a major role in conducting and analyzing this study.

Keywords: Covid vaccine, safety and efficacy, HRCT covid pneumonia.

[1]. Kohli A. HRCT Surrogate for Vaccine Efficacy?.Indian J Radiol Imaging. 2021;31(2): 243-244. DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1736127
[2]. Liaoyi Lin, Gangze Fu, et.al. CT manifestations of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pneumonia and influenza virus pneumonia: A comparative study. American journal of Roentgenology vol. 216 issue-1: pages 71-79 (issue publication date: January 2021) https://doi.org/10.2214/AJR.20.23304
[3]. Vikram raoBollineni, Koenraad Nieboer, et.al. The role of CT imaging for management of COVID-19 in epidemic area: early experience from a university hospital. December 2021. Insights into imaging 12(1) DOI: 10.1186/s13244-020-00957-5
[4]. Spectrum of CT appearance and CT severity index of COVID-19 pulmonary infection in correlation with age, sex, and PCR test : an Iraqi experience. Ammar Mosa AI-Mosawe et.al. Egypt J Radiol Nucl Med. doi: 10.1186/s43055-021-00422-3
[5]. The CT scan lung severity score and vaccination status in COVID-19 patients in India: Perspective of an independent radiology practice. Revat T. Lakhia, Jaimin R. Trivedi https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.15.21260597

Abstract: Background: Management Endodontic with lesion periapical on teeth that will be used as anchorage must be able to remove lesion therefore periodontal tissue and alveolar bone are strong enough to withstand the pulling force of teeth from orthodontic appliance. Aim: To describe case which manage periapical lesion in ortodontic patient by anchorage. Case Report. A 25- year-old women patient referred from Orthodontic department for root canal treatment. Patient came with a chronic painless swelling in mandibullary posterior gingivae parallel with apical teeth # 36, the patient had a tooth filling in 2017 with resin composite, initially there was a dull pain in tooth but after taking medicine dull pain disappeared until now it never hurts again.. The Clinical examination in Teeth 36 has composite restoration in occlusal with test percusion positive........

Keywords: Periapical lesion, Endodontic-Ortodontic consideration, Anchorage

[1]. Ghorbanzadeh S, Ashraf H, Hosseinpour S, Ghorbanzadeh F. Nonsurgical Management of a Large Periapical Lesion: A Case Report. Iran Endod J. 2017;12(2):253-6.Doi: 10.22037/iej.2017.49.
[2]. Eldaya R; Eissa O; Herrmann S; Pham J; Calle S; Uribe T. Mandibular Lesions: A Practical Approach for Diagnosis Based on Multimodality Imaging Findings. Wolters Kluwer Health. 2017: 1-8
[3]. Karamifar K, Tondari A, Saghiri MA. Endodontic Periapical Lesion: An Overview on the Etiology, Diagnosis and Current Treatment Modalities. Eur Endod J 2020; 2: 54-67
[4]. Sakly EH; Al-Hawwaz ZMA; Zokkar N; Douki N. Healing of periapical lesion after root canal treatment: A case report. IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 2021;6(4):228–232
[5]. Kanmaz F; Altunbas D; Zan R; Akpinar KE. Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of a large periradicular lesion. Turk Endod J 2017;2(1):21–24

Abstract: Background: AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is a life-threatening disease that completely damages the immune system of a human. HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) is the leading cause of AIDS. AIDS is going to be a terrible problem for our nation in the near future. To prevent the spread of AIDS, every person needs to have proper knowledge about HIV/AIDS and a positive attitude towards HIV/AIDS The purpose of the study is to construct a standardized tool to assess the Knowledge level regarding HIV/AIDS among undergraduate students.
Methods: An item analysis was conducted to construct a standardized knowledge scale (questionnaire) for assessing the knowledge........

Keywords: Knowledge; HIV/AIDS

[1]. Abebe, G. and Fekadu, A. (2000). A health concerns and challenges among high school adolescents; Ethiopia Journal of Health Development, 109(1), 37-40.
[2]. Anarafi, J. K. (2000). Universities and HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa: a case study of the University of Ghana, Legon; Health and Education Resource centre.
[3]. Anonymous, UNAIDS Data. (2017). Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS; Geneva, Switzerland.
[4]. Bichi, A. A. (2015). Item analysis using derived science achievement test data; International Journal of Science and Research, 4(5), 1655-1662.
[5]. Bigala, P., Adebowala, S. A. and Oladipo, S. E. (2014). Influence of HIV Testing on Knowledge of HIV/AIDS Prevention Practices and Transmission among Undergraduate Youths in North-West University, Mafikeng; Gender &Behaviour, 12, 6286-6300

Abstract: Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is a major global health problem with significant morbidity and mortality. India falls in intermediate endemic zone with high disease burden. Despite Universal HBV Vaccination in childhood, full compliance of HBV vaccination is unclear with unknown protective anti HBs titer in adult population after HBV vaccination. Testing for anti HBs levels in blood donors may reflect rough estimates of immunity against Hepatitis B Virus in a particular area or region. The role of blood bank as a primary resource center for quick estimation of Anti HBs sero-prevalence may help to start adult HBV vaccination program in that area. Aim : To study sero-prevalence of anti HBs and anti HBc Total among blood donors attending Nehru Hospital, PGIMER, Chandigarh......

Keywords: Adult HBV vaccination, HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti HBc Total

[1]. Kao JH, Chen DS. Global Control of Hepatitis B virus infection. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002;2:395-403.
[2]. Ray G. Current Scenario of Hepatitis B and Its Treatment in India. J Clin Transl Hepatol 2017;5(3):277–296.
[3]. Lahariya C, Subramanya BP, Sosler S. An assessment of hepatitis B vaccine introduction in India: Lessons for roll out and scale up of new vaccines in immunization programs.Indian J Public Health, Jan-Mar 2013;57(1):8-14.
[4]. C D Alert, NCDC, Feb-March 2011, vol.14: No.2,p.1- 8.
[5]. Universal Hepatitis B Vaccination in Adults aged 19 – 59 years: Updated recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices- United States 2022, MMWR/April 1, 2022/71(13): 477-483

Abstract: Objective: To assess the effect of digital devices on ocular surface and tear film of eye. Material and Methods: A cross sectional study involving patients using digital devices for more than 2 hours/day, visiting Ophthalmology OPD was conducted. Dry eye evaluation was done subjectively by SPEED score and objectively by Schirmer's test, F-BUT, Corneal fluorescein staining and Tear meniscus height. Dry eye diagnosis was made by Asia Dry Eye Society/JDES criteria Results: Total of 100 patients (200 eyes) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 26.8 ± 5.142 (range 17-46) years with male preponderance. Mean duration of digital devices usage was 9.19 ± 2.163 hours/day (range 5–15 hours). Laptop/computer was the most common digital device used......

Keywords: Dry eye, F-BUT, SPEED Score, Digital device

[1]. Sehar S. Cell Phone Addiction And Psychological And Physiological Health In Adolescents, Excli Journal, 2019; 18:47-50
[2]. Awrajaw D, Fentahun A, Ansha N, Sintayehu DW, Daniel HC. Computer Vision Syndrome and Associated Factors among Computer Users in Debre Tabor Town, Northwest Ethiopia, Journal of Environmental and Public Health, 2018; 1-8.
[3]. Jun S. Definition and Diagnostic Criteria of Dry Eye Disease: Historical Overview and Future Directions, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 2018; 59, DES7-DES12.
[4]. Mehra, Divy BS, Galor, Anat MD. Digital Screen Use and Dry Eye, A Review Asia-Pac J Opthalmol (Phila), 2020; 9(6): 491-497
[5]. Fayiqa AB, Grandee, Srinivasan SG. Impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on digital device-related ocular health , Indian J Ophthalmol, 2020; 68(11): 2378-2383

Abstract: Background: Tibial diaphyseal fractures are most common long bone fractures6. Complex comminuted and segmental fracture of shaft of tibia are high energy injuries that are difficult to treat1. Soft tissue damage at time of injury and further soft tissue disruption during internal fixation can disturb the blood supply, with a detrimental effect in fracture healing1. High rates of complications like compartment syndrome , deep tissue infection , delayed union etc have been associated with these types of fractures1. There is no consensus on the best treatment1. The method of ilizarov have many advantages over existing operative techniques2. This method using a percutaneous approach, minimizes the intraoperative trauma and avoids the additional compromising of biological environment at the fracture site2.......

Keywords: Ilizarov ring, Fracture shaft of tibia, Elderly patients, complex comminuted and segmental fracture.

[1]. P. A. L. Foster, S. B. Barton. " The treatment of complex tibial shaft fractures by the ilizarov method". The journal of bone and joint surgery, vol 94B, No. 12, December 2012.
[2]. Slavko Tomic, Nemanja Slavkovic. "Segmental tibial fractures treated with ilizarov circular fixator". Vojnosanit Pregl 2021; 78(3): 317-322.
[3]. Kaushik Bhowmick , Chandrasekaran. "The role of the ilizarov ring external fixator in the management of tibial fractures with impending/incomplete compartment syndrome". Rev 2021; 56(5):579-587.
[4]. Vladimir Golyakhovsky, Victor H. Frankel, Textbook of " Ilizarov surgical techniques" bone correction and lengthening. 1st edition 2010: 000-000
[5]. L. Prakash, "The magic of ilizarov" 1st edition 2017: 000-000

Abstract: AIM: The aim of this study is to compare and evaluate the marginal fit of CAD-CAM milled PMMA crown fabricated by three different technique Material And Methods: 10 participants were selected who have undergone root canal treatment and mandibular first molar teeth were prepared with a shoulder margin. It was scanned using an intra oral scanner (Dentsply Sirona) of prepared teeth, extraoral scanning of impression and extraoral scanning of casts. The PMMA crown was designed using the scanned STL file with CAD software (Dentsply Sirona).......

[1]. Vertical marginal fit of zirconia copings fabricated with one direct and three indirect digital scanning techniques Marzieh Akhlaghian, DMD, MSc,a Amir-Alireza Khaledi, DMD, MSc,b Mitra Farzin, DMD, MSc,c and Soheil Pardis, DMD, MScd
[2]. Güth J-F, Keul C, Stimmelmayr M, Beuer F, Edelhoff D. Accuracy of digital models obtained by direct and indirect data capturing. Clin Oral Investig 2013;17:1201-8.
[3]. Comparison of repeatability between intraoral digital scanner and extraoral digital scanner: An in-vitro study Ting-shu Su DDS, Jian Sun DDS, PhD*
[4]. Rakhshan V. Marginal integrity of provisional resin restoration materials: A review of the literature. Saudi J Dent Res 2015;6: 33–40
[5]. Tuncer Burak Özçelik, Burak Yilmaz, Emre S¸eker, Karnik Shah, Marginal Adaptation of Provisional CAD/CAM Restorations Fabricated Using Various Simulated Digital Cement Space Settings. The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants 2018; 1064 Volume 33, Number 5.

Abstract: Background: Image-guided percutaneous interventions are recent modalities practiced worldwide for the management of pyogenic liver abscess with different success rates. Objective: To compare efficacy and safety of percutaneous needle aspiration (PNA) and pigtail catheter drainage (PCD) in the management of liver abscess. Methodology: Thirty patients of liver abscess were randomized into two treatment groups: A- ultrasound guided PNA (n=20) and B- PCD (n=10) in conjunction with appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Demographic, clinical, haematological, radiologic findings were recorded and compared before and after treatment and analysed statistically.......

Keywords: liver abscess, percutaneous needle aspiration, percutaneous catheter drainage, pyogenic liver abscess.

[1]. Huang CJ, Pitt HA, Lipsett PA, Osterman FA, Jr, Lillemoe KD, Cameron JL, et al. Pyogenic hepatic abscess. Changing trends over 42 years. Ann Surg 1996. May;223(5):600-607, discussion 607-609. [2]. Tsai FC, Huang YT, Chang LY, Wang JT. Pyogenic liver abscess as endemic disease, Taiwan. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008 Oct;14(10):1592-600. doi: 10.3201/eid1410.071254. PMID: 18826824; PMCID: PMC2609891. [3]. Sayek I, Onat D. Pyogenic and amebic liver abscess. In: Holzheimer RG, Mannick JA, editors. Surgical Treatment: Evidence-Based and Problem-Oriented. Munich: Zuckschwerdt; 2001. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK6955/ [4]. Cai YL, Xiong XZ, Lu J, et al. Percutaneous needle aspiration versus catheter drainage in the management of liver abscess: a systematic review and meta-analysis. HPB (Oxford). 2015;17(3):195–201. [5]. Salim A, Jeelani SM, Qazi SH, Mirza W. Amoebic liver abscess: Outcomes of percutaneous needle aspiration vs drain placement in paediatric population. J Pak Med Assoc. 2019;69 (Suppl 1):S29–32.

Abstract: Background: Preclampsia is a critical hypertensive pregnancy disorder characterized by new-onset hypertension and often proteinuria with high rate of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Objective: To determine the levels of serum albumin, total serum protein and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) in pregnant women with preeclampsia and compare that with normal pregnancy. Methodology: A case control study involving 50 cases of preeclampsia and 50 matching control of normal pregnancy was carried out in obstetrics department of a tertiary care teaching hospital. Blood samples were collected and tested for serum total protein, serum albumin and SOD in erythrocytes and analysed......

Keywords: Preeclampsia, serum total proteins, serum albumin, serum super oxide dismutase, pregnancy

[1]. Brown MA, Magee LA., Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA. And et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertension. 2018; 72:24–43. [2]. Ananth CV., Keyes KM., Wapner RJ. Pre-Eclampsia Rates in the United States, 1980–2010: Age-Period-Cohort Analysis. BMJ. 2013; 347:f6564. [3]. National Guideline Alliance (UK) Hypertension in Pregnancy: Diagnosis and Management (NG133) [(accessed on 3 October 2019)];2019 [4]. Madazli R, Yuksel MA, Imamoglu M, et al. Comparison of Clinical and Perinatal Outcomes in Early- and Late-Onset Preeclampsia. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2014; 290:53–57. [5]. Haddad B, Deis S, Goffinet F, et al. Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes during Expectant Management of 239 Severe Preeclamptic Women between 24 and 33 Weeks' Gestation. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2004; 190:1590–1595.

Abstract: We reported a rare case of major salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma, in which the majority of cells were oncocytic. A 49 year old male patient presented with left side infraauricular mass otherwise asymptomatic before 1 month. Mass was insidious in onset and not associated with any history of trauma, insect bite, pain and fever. A computed tomography scan of the neck revealed mixed solid cystic lesion in the deep lobe of left side parotid gland. Fine needle aspiration was performed to distinguish non-neoplastic from neoplastic causes of salivary gland lesions and help in early intervention if suspicious of malignancy revealed. Diagnosis of benign salivary gland tumor-pleomorphic adenoma with squamous metaplasia was given on the basis of cytopathological examination, then patient was operated for left side parotidectomy and biopsy was sent to histopathology department. According to gross morphology and histopathological analysis, diagnosis of pleomorphic adenoma with extensive oncocytic metaplasia was given.

Keywords: Salivary gland tumor, Pleomorphic adenoma, Oncocytes

[1]. Brandwein MS, Huvos AG. Oncocytic tumors of major salivary glands. A study of 68 cases with follow-up of 44 patients. The American journal of surgical pathology. 1991 Jun 1;15(6):514-28. [2]. Skalova A, Michal M, Ryška A, Simpson RH, Kinkor Z, Walter J, Leivo I. Oncocytic myoepithelioma and pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary glands. Virchows Archiv. 1999 Jun;434(6):537-46. [3]. Mariano FV, Vidaurre EC, Bologna-Molina RE, Carlos-Bregni R, de Almeida OP. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis of oncocytic pleomorphic adenoma. Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology. 2011 Jan 1;54(1):193.
[4]. Pulitzer DR, Reitmeyer WJ. Oncocytic pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland. Journal of surgical oncology. 1987 Mar;34(3):198-201. [5]. Ethunandan M, Witton R, Hoffman G, Spedding A, Brennan PA. Atypical features in pleomorphic adenoma—a clinicopathologic study and implications for management. International journal of oral and maxillofacial surgery. 2006 Jul 1;35(7):608-12.