iosr-JDMS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-9 ~ Sep. 2022

Abstract: Alzheimer's disease is the most common form of dementia characterised by cognitive decline & progressive memory loss. The aim of this review was to update the state of knowledge on the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic methods & therapeutic approach of AD. Currently, the amyloid cascade hypothesis remains the leading theory in the pathophysiology of AD. As per this hypotheses, amyloid β deposits triggers a chemical cascade of events leading to development of AD dementia. The diagnostic procedures mostly depends on fluid based biomarkers such as those present on CSF & plasma or diagnostic imaging methods with recent development of blood based biomarkers like SIMOA (single molecule array) & mass spectrometry based assays proving superior over other assays with immunoprecipitation adding to aid in the diagnosis of AD. In addition to these PrecivityAD test for the.......

Key words: Alzheimers disease, senile plaques, β amyloid protein, tau protein, blood biomarkers, CSF biomarkers, immunotherapy, microglia, oligodendrocyte, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors

[1]. Lleo, A. Alzheimer's disease : An ignored condition . Med Clin 2018, 150, 43—433
[2]. Waalenuaat P; Iowanski P; Kozubski W. Alzheimer's dementia : Pathogenesis & impact of cardiovascular risk factors on cognitive decline. Postgrad Med 2019,131: 415-22.
[3]. Tiwari S, Atluri V, Kaushik A, Yndart A, Nair M. Alzheimer's disease : pathogenesis diagnostics & therapeutics , International Journal Nanomed . 2019;14: 5541-54.
[4]. Takizawa C, Thompson P L , Van Walsem A, Faure C, Maier W.C. Epidemiological & economic burden of Alzheimer's disease. A systematic literature review of data across Europe & USA. Journal of Alzheimer's disease, JAD 2015; 43: 1271-84.
[5]. Prince M, Bryce R, Albanese E, Wimo A, Ribero W, Ferri C P. The global prevalence of dementia, A systematic review & meta- analysis. Alzheimer's Dementia Journal of Alzheimer's association 2013; 9: 63-75e2.

Abstract: Purpose: To assess the role of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in evaluation of the retinal changes in pathological myopia.To study foveal,macular and vitreous changes with the help of OCT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted. 30 patients with pathological myopia were studied with regard to their visual acuity, amount of myopia with streak retinoscopy and posterior segment changes with dilated fundus examination and OCT. Results :out of 60 eyes , 40% of eyes had refractive error between 6-8 D ,50% of eyes had refractive error between 9-12 D and 10% had > 12D. Various......

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[3]. Wilkinson CP, Hinton DR, Sadda SR, Wiedemann P. Ryan's Retina E-Book: 3 Volume Set. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2017 Apr 17
[4]. Yanoff M. Advances in Ophthalmology and Optometry, E-Book 2019. Elsevier Health Sciences; 2019 Jul 9.
[5]. Ohno-Matsui K. Pathologic myopia. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol 2016;5: 415–423.

Abstract: Orthodontic treatment usually involves a combination of tooth movement and facial growth changes. These changes may be due to natural growth or may be treatment induced. Planning out the timing of an indicative orthodontic treatment in a growing patient enhances the success of prognosis. Growth prediction forecasts the direction and amount of growth in an individual with minimal magnitude of statistical variations. This article reviews about various growth prediction parameters of craniofacial complex and its implications for planning out a successful orthodontic treatment.

Keywords: Growth , Predictors, craniofacial, mandible,rotation

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[2]. Ricketts RM. Planning treatment on the basis of facial pattern and an estimate of its growth. Angle Orthod. 1957;27:14–37.
[3]. Schulhof RL. A statistical evaluation of the Rickets and Johnstongrowth-forecasting methods. AmericanJournal of Orthodontics. 1975;167: 258-66.
[4]. Balbach DR.The cephalometric relationship between the morphology of the mandible and its future occlusal position, Angle Orthodontist 1969; 39: 29–41.
[5]. Popovich F, Thompson GW. Craniofacial templates for orthodontic case analysis. American Journal ofOrthodontics. 1977;71(4):406–20

Abstract: Meckel's diverticulum (MD) being present within a hernial sac characterises the uncommon clinical condition known as Littré's hernia (LH).Despite being the most frequent congenital abnormality of the intestinal tract, MD rarely causes symptoms.However, it might also show up as a number of complications.Since LH's anamneses are similar to those of any other hernia that involves the gut, a preoperative diagnosis is unlikely.Here, we describe the case of a 35-year-old man who had an incarcerated LH in the inguinal region. The diverticulum was successfully removed, and the hernia was then repaired.

[1]. Kuru S, Kismet K: Meckel's diverticulum: clinical features, diagnosis and management . Rev Esp Enferm Dig.2018, 110:726-732. 10.17235/reed.2018.5628/2018
[2]. Altaf A, Aref H: A case report: cecal volvulus caused by Meckel's diverticulum . Int J Surg Case Rep. 2014,5:1200-1202. 10.1016/j.ijscr.2014.11.038
[3]. Murruste M, Rajaste G, Kase K: Torsion of Meckel's diverticulum as a cause of small bowel obstruction: a case report. World J Gastrointest Surg. 2014, 6:204-207. 10.4240/wjgs.v6.i10.204
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Abstract: Sometimes diffuse hyperdense vasculature is noted on unenhanced CT Brain; one of such rare condition being Polycythemia vera. In this case report, a 20 years old male came to the hospital with chief complains of loss of consciousness, headache and convulsions. Unenhanced CT Brain was performed which revealed, diffuse hyper-density in visualized arteries, superficial venous sinuses, cortical and scalp veins of Houndfield's Unit (HU) ranging from +60 to +68 (Contrast was not administered, HU of vessels on contrast administration ranges from +200 to +250). On blood examination.......

Key words: Unenhanced CT Brain, Polycythemia vera, Case report

[1]. Tefferi A, Vannucchi AM, Barbui T. Polycythemiavera: historical oversights, diagnostic details, and therapeutic views. Leukemia. 2021 Dec;35(12):3339-51.
[2]. Jakovic L, Gotic M, Gisslinger H, Soldatovic I, Sefer D, Tirnanic M, et al. The WHO diagnostic criteria for polycythemiavera-role of red cell mass versus hemoglobin/hematocrit level and morphology. Ann Hematol. 2018 Sep;97(9):1581-90.
[3]. Ben Salem D, Osseby GV, Rezaizadeh-Bourdariat K, Pastural G, Martin D, Brunotte F, et al. Vaisseauxintracrâniensspontanémenthyperdenses au scanner encas de polyglobulie [Spontaneous hyperdense intracranial vessels seen on CT scan in polycythemia cases]. J Radiol. 2003 May;84(5):605-8.
[4]. Varwatte P, Ilangovan G, Balganeshan H, Baary H, Jayajothi A. Non-Enhanced CT Mimicking Contrast Enhanced CT - A Case Report on Polycythemia. J Radiol Case Rep. 2019 Apr 30;13(4):10-16.
[5]. Stuart BJ, Viera AJ. Polycythemia vera. American family physician. 2004 May 1;69(9).

Abstract: Background: Dental gemination is an abnormality of size and shape that occurs when a dental germ attempts to divide in two by invagination, resulting in the incomplete formation of two teeth. This dental anomaly causes discrepancies in the arch and interdigitation, producing deviation of the midline, crowding, late eruption of other teeth, some form of malocclusion in the dentition, among others. Case Report: 16-year-old female patient with a geminated lower right incisor, asymptomatic that requires multidisciplinary treatment to achieve functional and aesthetic harmony of her teeth. Discussion: The approach for........

Keywords: Orthodontics, gemination, dental anomaly

[1]. Baron C, Houchmand-Cuny M, Enkel B, Lopez-Cazaux S. Prevalence of dental anomalies in French orthodontic patients: A retrospective study. Arch Pédiatrie [Internet]. octubre de 2018;25(7):426–30. Disponible en: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcped.2018.07.002
[2]. Alotaibi SF, Almufleh R, Alshamrani H, Salama F. Bilateral Fusion of Primary Mandibular Lateral Incisors and Canines: A Case Report. J Clin DIAGNOSTIC Res [Internet]. 2020;10–3. Disponible en: https://jcdr.net/article_fulltext.asp?issn=0973-709x&year=2020&volume=14&issue=1&page=ZD10&issn=0973-709x&id=13460
[3]. Montasser MA, Taha M. Prevalence and distribution of dental anomalies in orthodontic patients. Orthodontics (Chic) [Internet]. 2012;13(1):52–9. Disponible en: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22567616
[4]. Khan SQ, Agha D, Zafar S, Ashraf b. Double tooth: report of two unique clinical cases. Pakistan Oral Dent J. 2016;36(2):259–63.
[5]. Bolaños, V., Rojas F. Diente germinado: reporte de un caso y revisión de literatura. UCR. 2013; Vol (15):75-80.

Abstract: In this universe we the human beings were born not to think individualistically but to help each other‟s. Viewing our lives from the cosmic angle make us feels tiny. It may seem as if we are in an island standing alone and thinking of our lives what will be our next plan to set our goals. This mysterious universe always makes our way which we find ourselves to help each other where we can give meaning to our individual lives from human- based perspectives. There are two ways of thinking about "humanity" that can be thought "individualistically and holistically‟. The concept of caring from the philosophical side can be seen its ethical value which arouse from different angle, whether it is emotional or rational, expressions of caring are articulations of our moral being which is said to be.......

Keywords: Universe, Individualistic, Humanity, Palliative care, Spirituality, Philosophical counseling

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Abstract: Introduction: Preeclampsia is one of the medical complications of pregnancy and contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. There is limited invasion of the spiral arteries that supply superficial layers of the decidua which results in reduced uterine perfusion pressure and placental ischaemia . This ischemic placenta may induce the release of pro inflammatory cytokines like IL6 that may contribute to wide spread endothelial damage, pathognonomic of preeclampsia. Hence we would to like analyse the serum IL-6 in preeclamptic pregnant women........

Keywords: Interleukin-6, Preeclampsia, Endothelial dysfunction, Cytokines, Biochemical marker

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