iosr-JDMS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-7 ~ July 2023

Abstract:Introduction: Rationale Use Of Antibiotic Is The Most Imperative Component Of Antibiotic Stewardship Program. In India, The Prevalence Of Use Of Antibiotics Varies From 24% To 67%. Moreover, The Evidence Of Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern In Critical Care Unit Using WHO Core Indicators Is Scarce In This Part Of India. Hence The Study Is Conducted To Evaluate Antibiotic Use Pattern In ICU Of A Tertiary Care Center, AGMC Using Standard Tool. Methodology: A Cross-Sectional......

Key Word: Prescription Pattern, Antibiotics, WHO Core Indicators, NLEM Etc

[1]. Joshi MC, Tariq K, Ejaj A. Restricted Antibiotic Policy: Rational Approach Towards Antibiotic Resistance - Policy - Express Healthcare Management.
[2]. Demoz GT, Kasahun GG, Hagazy K, Woldu G, Wahdey S, Tadesse DB, Niriayo YL. Prescribing Pattern Of Antibiotics Using WHO Prescribing Indicators Among Inpatients In Ethiopia: A Need For Antibiotic Stewardship Program. Infect Drug Resist. 2020;13:2783-94.
[3]. Yimenu DK, Emam A, Elemineh E, Atalay W. Assessment Of Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns At Outpatient Pharmacy Using World Health Organization Prescribing Indicators. J Prim Care Community Health 2019 Jan-Dec;10.
[4]. Klein EY, Tseng KK, Pant S, Et Al. Tracking Global Trends In The Effectiveness Of Antibiotic Therapy Using The Drug Resistance Index. BMJ Glob Health 2019;4:E001315.
[5]. Jokandan SS And Jha DK: A Study Of Prescribing Pattern Of Antibiotics In A Tertiary Care Hospital – An Observational Study. Int J Pharm Sci & Res 2019; 10(5): 2285-89..

Abstract: The World Is Buzzing With Excitement, Where The Future Of Humanity Across Various Scopes Of Engineering And Health Care Is Being Shaped By Artificial Intelligence. It Is Already The Main Driver Of The Latest Revolution Like Big Data, Robotics, And Iot, And It Will Continue To Act As A Technological Innovator For The Foreseeable Future. AI Has Also Revolutionized Various Sections Of Dentistry Including The Field Of Prosthodontics In Patient Diagnosis And Treatment Planning And Also Replacement And Rehabilitation Of Missing Teeth With The Help Of Fixed And Removable Prosthesisbiocompatible Substitutes Like Implants. This Review Focuses On Explaining The Prospect, And Insights Regarding The Future Of Artificial Intelligence In Prosthodontics Practice

Key Words: Artificial Intelligence, Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Robotics

[[1]. Nilsson NJ. Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis In: Massachusetts. United States: Morgan Kaufmann Publishers Inc; 1998. P. 513
[2]. Kareem SA, Pozos-Parra P, Wilson N. An Application Of Belief Merging For The Diagnosis Of Oral Cancer. Appl Soft Comput J. 2017;61:1105-12.
[3]. Kondody RT, Patil A, Devika G, Jose A, Kumar A, Nair S. Introduction To Artificial Intelligence And Machine Learning Into Orthodontics: A Review. APOS Trends Orthod 2022;12:214-20
[4]. Lee JH, Kim DH, Jeong SN, Choi SH. Detection And Diagnosis Of Dental Caries Using A Deep Learning-Based Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm. J Dent. 2018;77:106-111
[5]. Poedjiastoeti W, Suebnukarn S. Application Of Convolutional Neural Network In The Diagnosis Of Jaw Tumors. Healthcare Information Res. 2018;24(3):236-241..

Abstract: Background: Fracture Of The Neck Of Femur And Inter-Trochanteric Fractures Of Femur Are Very Common. Treatment Of These Fractures By Internal Fixation Using Implants Plays A Crucial Role In Rehabilitation And Early Mobilisation Of The Patients. Hip Prosthesis Are Designed Based On The Measurements Of Proximal End Of Femur. Femoral Neck Fractures Are Usually Intracapsular And Can Interrupt The Blood Supply To Head Of Femur Causing Avascular Necrosis Of Femoral Head.....

Keywords: Osteometric Analysis, Femoral Neck, Inter-Trochanteric Crest Length

[1]. Dutta A. Essentials Of Human Anatomy-Superior And Inferior Extremities. 5th Ed. Vol. 1. Kolkata: Current Books International; 2017. 131–133 P.
[2]. Strandring S. Gray's Anatomy: The Anatomical Basis Of Clinical Practice. 41st Ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier; 2016. 1348–1352 P.
[3]. Maheshwari J. Essential Orthopaedics. 5th Ed. New Delhi: The Health Science Publisher; 2015. 129–140 P.
[4]. Ravichandran D, Muthukumaravel N, Jaikumar R, Das H, Rajendran M. Proximal Femoral Geometry In Indians And Its Clinical Applications. JASI. 2011 Jun 1;60(1):6–12.
[5]. Verma M, Joshi S, Tuli A, Raheja S, Jain P, Srivastava P. Morphometry Of Proximal Femur In Indian Population. JCDR. 2017 Feb 1;11(2):AC01–4.

Abstract: The presence of Carcinoma in the head and neck region with the exception of brain and orbit is classified as head and neck cancer. Statistically it is the 6th most frequently occurring cancer. It is more common in men than women because of behavioural risk factors such as societal acceptance of nicotine and alcohol usage and acceptance. Over 60% of this group have an advanced form and over 60% die in another 5 years. While threatening the life of an afflicted person it also leads to speech disorders, facial abnormalities, social shunning, sensory deficits, communication issues and overall reduction in quality of life. The risk factors for oral cancer are abuse of.....

[1]. G. Bhawna, "Burden Of Smoked And Smokeless Tobacco Consumption In India—Results From The Global Adult Tobacco Survey India (Gats-India)- 2009–2010," Asian Pacific Journal Of Cancer Prevention, Vol. 14, No. 5, Pp. 3323–3329, 2013.
[2]. Iarc Working Group On The Evaluation Of Carcinogenic Risks To Humans, Smokeless Tobacco And Some Tobacco-Specific N-Nitrosamines, Vol. 89 Of Iarc Monographs On The Evaluation Of Carcinogenic Risks To Human, 2007.
[3]. P. Boffetta, S. Hecht, N. Gray, P. Gupta, And K. Straif, "Smokeless Tobacco And Cancer," The Lancet Oncology, Vol. 9, No. 7, Pp. 667–675, 2008.
[4]. N. Guha, S. Warnakulasuriya, J. Vlaanderen, And K. Straif, "Betel Quid Chewing And The Risk Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancers: A Meta-Analysis With Implications For Cancer Control," International Journal Of Cancer, 2013.
[5]. Tobacco, Oral Cancer, And Treatment Of Dependence. Saman Warnakulasuriya 1, Gay Sutherland, Crispian Scully. Oral Oncol.2005 Mar;41(3):244-60.

Abstract: Résumé : Hémoptysies Récidivantes De Faible Abondance + Claudication Intermittente Du Membre Supérieur Droit Chez Une Patiente De 16 Ans , Et Chez Qui L'examen Clinique A Retrouvé Une Asymétrie Tensionnelle Avec Diminution Des Pouls Du Membre Supérieur Droit , La TDM Thoracique Sans Injection De Produit De Contraste A Objectivé Un Foyer Triangulaire En Rapport Avec Un Foyer D'infarcissement Secondaire Probablement Soit A Une Embolie Pulmonaire ,Ou Bien Une Atteinte Des Artères Pulmonaires Au Cours De La Maladie De Takayasu, Indiquant La Réalisation D'un Angioscanner Thoracique Avec Protocole Embolie Ainsi Qu'un Angioscanner.....

[1]. MIRAULT, Tristan Et MESSAS, Emmanuel. La Maladie De Takayasu. La Revue De Médecine Interne, 2016, Vol. 37, No 4, P. 223-229.
[2]. ESSAADOUNI, L. Les Critères Diagnostiques De La Maladie De Takayasu. La Revue De Médecine Interne, 2009, Vol. 30, P. S255-S257.
[3]. DESBOIS, A.-C., WECHSLER, B., CACOUB, P., Et Al. Atteintes Aortiques Inflammatoires Associées A La Maladie De Behçet. La Revue De Médecine Interne, 2016, Vol. 37, No 4, P. 230-238.
[4]. MEKINIAN, Arsene, SOUSSAN, Michael, SAADOUN, David, Et Al. Prise En Charge De La Maladie De Takayasu. Revue Du Rhumatisme Monographies, 2017, Vol. 84, No 3, P. 229-235
[5]. C.M. Yelnik, E. Hachulla, T. Quéméneur, D. Launay, P.-Y. Hatron, M. Lambert . Manifestations Pulmonaires De La Maladie De Takayasu . EM Consulte , 2019

Abstract: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Most Often Inherited As Autosomal Dominant Is Characterised By Asymmetrical Hypertrophy Of Interventricular Septum Leading On To Varying Degrees Of Lvot Obstruction. Clinical Features May Vary From Asymptomatic Presentation To Fatal Arrythmias And Sudden Cardiac Death. Clinical Course Of Often Complicated Consequent To Stress Of Surgery And Anaesthesia We Hereby Discuss Successful Anaesthetic Management Of Patient With High Grade Of Lvot Obstruction Consequent To Hocm For Correction Of Malunited Distal Femur Fracture.

Keywords - Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

[1]. Sahoo Rk, Dash Sk, Raut Ps, Badole Ur, Upasani Cb. Perioperative ANESTHETIC MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY FOR NONCARDIAC SURGERY: A CASE SERIES. Ann Card Anaesth 2010;13:253-6.
[2]. Fifer Ma, Vlahakes Gj. Management OF SYMPTOMS IN HYPERTROPHIC CARDIOMYOPATHY. Circulation 2008; 117: 429–439.
[3]. Perioperative MANAGEMENT OF ELDERLY PATIENT OF Hocm FOR KNEE ARTHROPLASTY AND ROLE OF PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS
[4]. Rupal S Swami Ac Jindal Lata S
[5]. Indian Journal OF Anaesthesia 2013 July 57(4) 394-396

Abstract: Introduction : Currently, Novel Coronavirus Infection (Covid-19) Has Affected More Than 200 Countries And Regions Around The World. More Than 100 Million People Have Been Infected And Nearly 2 Million Have Died. Most Patients Infected With Novel Coronavirus Presentswith Acute Respiratory Tract Infection In Early Course, And Some Patients Quickly Progressto Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Acute Respiratory Failure, Or Other Severe Secondary Complications......

Keywords: Neutophil : Lymphocyte Ratio(Nlr), Covid-19, D-Dimer, Prothrombin Time(Pt)

[1]. Elshazli RM, Toraih EA, Elgaml A, El- Mowafy M, El-Mesery M, Amin MN, Et Al. (2020) Diagnostic And Prognostic Value Of Hematological And Immunological Markers In COVID-19 Infection: A Meta-Analysis Of 6320 Patients. Plos ONE 15(8): E0238160
[2]. Muhammad Sohaib Asghar , Noman Ahmed Khan , Syed Jawad Haider Kazmi , Aftab Ahmed , Maira Hassan , Rumael Jawed , Mohammed Akram , Uzma Rasheed , Gul Muhammad Memon , Muhammad Umer Ahmed , Ummetahniyat&Syeda Batool Tirmizi (2020) Hematological Parameters Predicting Severity And Mortality In COVID-19 Patients Of Pakistan: A Retrospective Comparative Analysis, Journal Of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives, 10:6, 514-520
[3]. Singh A, Sood N, Narang V, Et Al. BMJ Case Rep 2020;13:E236117
[4]. Jayasri K, Pooja CH, Padmaja K, Prasad PE. Review On Biochemical Alterations In COVID-19 Patients. Int J Clin Biochem Res 2020;7(3):307-311.

Abstract: Minor Salivary Gland Pathologies Comprise Of Diverse Group Of Neoplasms With Distinct Histomorphology Variation. Benign Neoplasm Is Commonest Pathology For Major And Minor Salivary Gland, But Neoplasm Of Minor Salivary Gland Is Site Specific In Terms Of Benignity Or Malignant Nature. The Authors Report A Case Of Asymptomatic Swelling In The Upper Lip In 27year Old Man Clinically Diagnosed As Benign Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasm And Histopathological Diagnosed As Pleomorphic Adenoma With Myoepithelial Predominant. This Case Illuminates The Rarity And Variance Of Pathology With Respect To Sex Predilection, Duration, Location And Histopathological Characteristics.

Keywords: Salivary Gland Neoplasm, Pleomorphic Adenoma, Myoepithelial Cells

[1]. Kaur, Sukhjot, Gurvinder P. Thami, And Nitin M. Nagarkar. "Pleomorphic Adenoma Of The Hard Palate." Indian Journal Of Dermatology, Venereology And Leprology 69 (2003): 74.
[2]. Dalati, Taufik, And Mahmoud R. Hussein. "Juvenile Pleomorphic Adenoma Of The Cheek: A Case Report And Review Of Literature." Diagnostic Pathology 4, No. 1 (2009): 1-5.
[3]. Neville, Brad W., D. D. Damm, Carl M. Allen, And J. E. Bouquot. "Odontogenic Cysts And Tumors." Oral And Maxillofacial Pathology 3 (2002): 678-740.
[4]. Allon, Irit, Dror M. Allon, Yakir Anavi, And Ilana Kaplan. "The Significance Of Surface Ulceration As A Sign Of Malignancy In Exophytic Oral Mucosal Lesions: Myth Or Fact?." Head And Neck Pathology 7, No. 2 (2013): 149-154
[5]. Ellis, G. L. "Surgical Pathology Of Salivary Glands. 1 [Sup] St Ed., Vol. 25." (1991).

Abstract: Introduction: Stroke Is A Leading Cause Of Mortality, But It Also Causes A Variety Of Long-Term Disabilities, Such As Physical Dependence, Dementia, And Depression, In Its Victims. Computed Tomography (Ct) Scanning Of The Brain Is Expensive In Both The Equity Purchase And Maintenance Costs, But It Is The Most Accurate And Safe Method That Is Regularly Used As An Investigative Tool For Stroke To Distinguish Between Haemorrhage And Infarction. With The Use Of The Siriraj Scoring System, It Is Possible To Differentiate Between An Infarction.....

Keywords: Siriraj Stroke Score, Haemorrhage, Infarction

[1]. Mamidi P, Gupta K. Neurological Conditions In Charaka Indriya Sthana - An Explorative Study. Int J Complement Alt Med. 2020;13(3):107‒119.
[2]. Agnivesha. Charakasamhita. Panday Kashinnath & Chaturvedi Gorakhnath, Editor. Sutrasthana, 20/11. Varanasi: Cukhambha Sanhaskrit Seriesoffice; 2013.P-399. P-795.
[3]. Susruta. Susrutasamhita. Shri Dalhanacharya, Editor. Chikitsasthana, 5/19, Varanasi: Chaukhambhasurbharti Publisher; 2018. P-43.
[4]. Feigin VL, Forouzanfar MH, Krishnamurthi R, Et Al. Global And Regional Burden Of Stroke During 1990–2010: Findings From The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2010. Lancet 2014; 383: 245–255.
[5]. Global Burden Of Disease 2017. Causes Of Death Collaborators. Global, Regional, And National Age-Sex-Specific Mortality For 282 Causes Of Death In 195 Countries And Territories, 1980-2017: A Systematic Analysis For The Global Burden Of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2018; 392: 1736–1788.

Abstract: Numerous Approaches Have Been Introduced To Regenerate Artificial Dental Tissues. However, Conventional Approaches Are Limited When Producing A Construct With Three-Dimensional Patient-Specific Shapes And Compositions Of Heterogeneous Dental Tissue. 3d-Bioprinting Is An Emerging Technology In Regeneration Medicine/Tissue Engineering, Because Of Its High Accuracy And High Efficiency, Providing A New Strategy For Oral Tissue Regeneration. Bioprinting Technology Was Applied To Produce A Three-Dimensional Dentin–Pulp Complex With Patient-Specific Shapes By Inducing Localized Differentiation Of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Within A Single Structure. Recent Advances In The Field Of 3d Bio-Printing Have Given Rise To New Possibilities In The Manufacturing.....

Keywords: Scaffold, Tissue Engineering, Periodontal Regeneration, Stem Cells, Regenerative Medicine

[1]. Kinane DF, Stathopoulou PG, Papapanou PN. Periodontal Diseases. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2017(22);3:17038.
[2]. Hyun Nyun Woo, Young Joon Cho, Solaimantarafder, Chang H. Lee. The Recent Advances In Scaffolds For Integrated Periodontal Regeneration. Bioactive Materials. 2021(10);6:3328-3342
[3]. Caddeo Silvia, Boffito Monica, Sartori Susanna. Tissue Engineering Approaches In The Design Of Healthy And Pathological In Vitro Tissue Models. Frontiers In Bioengineering And Biotechnology. 2017;5:40
[4]. Kapałczyńska M, Kolenda T, Przybyła W, Zajączkowska M, Teresiak A, Filas V, Ibbs M, Bliźniak R, Łuczewski Ł, Lamperska K. 2D And 3D Cell Cultures - A Comparison Of Different Types Of Cancer Cell Cultures. Arch Med Sci. 2018;14(4):910-919
[5]. Lu D, Liu Y, Li W, Ma H, Li T, Ma X, Mao Y, Liang Q, Ma Z, Wang J. Development And Application Of 3D Bioprinted Scaffolds Supporting Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells. Biomed Res Int. 2021(13);2021:4910816.

Abstract: Background: This Study Aims To Compare The Mean Carotid Artery Intima Media Thickness, A Marker Of Atherosclerosis, Between Patients With Moderate To Severe Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And, A Control Group, In Order To Investigate The Association Of This Condition With Obesity, Type II Diabetes, And Dyslipidemia, Which Are Highly Prevalent Factors. Materials And Methods: For This Study, A Total Of Nonalcoholic Hepatic Steatosis Patients And 50 Control Subjects Were Selected From The General Population In Guntur. Measurements Of Mean Common Carotid Artery Intima-Media Thickness.

[1]. Brea A, Mosquera D, Martin E, Et Al. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Is Associated With Carotid Atherosclerosis: A Case-Control Study. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2005; 25(5): 1045-1050.
[2]. Acikel M, Sunay S, Koplay M, Et Al. Evaluation Of Ultrasonographic Fatty Liver And Severity Of Coronary Atherosclerosis, And Obesity In Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Anadolu Kardiyol Derg 2009; 9(4): 273-9.
[3]. Younossi Z, Diehl AM, Ong JP. Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: An Agenda For Clinical Research. Hepatology 2002; 35(4): 746-752.
[4]. Kim HC, Kim DJ, Huh KB. Association Between Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease And Carotid Intima-Media Thickness According To The Presence Of Metabolic Syndrome. Atherosclerosis 2009; 204(2): 521-5.
[5]. Joy D, Thava VR, Scott BB. Diagnosis Of Fatty Liver Disease: Is Biopsy Necessary? Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2003; 15(5): 539-43.

Abstract: Ectodermal Dysplasia Is A Developmental Defect Which Affects One Or More Ectodermal Structures Including Teeth, Hair, Nails, And Sweat Glands. There Are Clinical And Oral Manifestations To Ed. The Clinical Manifestations Include Loss Of Hair, Sparse Hair Or Thin And Dry Hair. The Most Common Oral Manifestation Is Hypodontia, Which Demand The Patients For Prosthetic Need. The Term 'Oligodontia' Is The Condition Whereby ≥6 Permanent Teeth Are Agenetic Excluding Third Molars. The Present Case Report Describes The Prosthetic Rehabilitation Of A 7-Year-Old Child With Ectodermal Dysplasia Therby Restoring Function, Improving Esthetics, And Imparting Psychological Assurance To The Child..

Keywords: Ectodermal Dysplasia, Hypodontia, Oligodontia, Complete Denture, Prosthetic Rehabilitation

[1]. Cerezo Cayuelas M , Pérez Silva A , Serna Muñoz C , Vicente A , Martínez Beneyto Y , Cabello Malagón I , Et Al. Orthodontic And Dentofacial Orthopedic Treatments In Patients With Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Systematic Review. Orphanet J Rare Dis Internet ]. 2022;17(1):1 18. Available From: Https://Doi.Org/ 10.1186/S13023 022 02533 0
[2]. Alnuaimi R , Mansoor M . Prosthetic Rehabilitation With Fixed Prosthesis Of A 5 Year Old Child With Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia And Oligodontia : A Case Report. J Med Case Rep . 2019;13(1):1 6.
[3]. Kr atochvilova L , Dostalova T , Schwarz M , Macek M , Marek I , Malíková M , Et Al. Ectodermal Dysplasia: Important Role Of Complex Dental Care In Its Interdisciplinary Management. Eur J Paediatr Dent . 2022;23(2):140 6.
[4]. Kassar WM . Dental Rehabilitation Of A C hild With Ectodermal Dysplasia : A Case Report . Int J Clin Pediatr Dent . 2019;12(4):362 5.
[5]. Filius MA , Cune MS , Raghoebar GM , Vissink A , Visser A . Prosthetic Treatment Outcome In Patients With Severe Hypodontia: A Systematic Review. J Oral Rehabil . 2016;43(5):373 87.

Abstract: Vascular Tumours Can Occur In Any Part Of The Human Body. They Have Been Described Most To Occur On The Skin Or Dermoid Areas. Occurrence Of Vascular Tumors In The Oral Cavity Uncommon, But When It Happens It Happens In A Myriad Of Forms Of Micromorphological Appearances.
Therefore, The Diagnosis And Proper Identification Of Vascular Tumors Is Important Is There Can Be A Very Narrow Difference Between Benign, Aggressive And Malignant Vascular Tumors. This Article Encompasses Briefly The Various Vascular Tumors Which Can Occur In The Oral Cavity.

Keywords: Red Lesions, Vascular, High Flow, Oral

[1]. Shafer, W.G.., Hine, M.K., & Levy, B.M. (2020). A Textbook Of Oral Pathology. Elsevier.
[2] Sepulveda, Abel, And Edward P Buchanan. "Vascular Tumors." Seminars In Plastic Surgery Vol. 28,2 (2014): 49-57. Doi:10.1055/S-0034-1376260
[3] Wildgruber, M., Sadick, M., Müller-Wille, R. Et Al. Vascular Tumors In Infants And Adolescents. Insights Imaging 10, 30 (2019). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S13244-019-0718-6
[4] Wiegand S, Dietz A, Wichmann G. Malignant Vascular Tumors Of The Head And Neck—Which Type Of Therapy Works Best? Cancers. 2021; 13(24):6201. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Cancers13246201
[5] Wiegand S, Dietz A, Wichmann G. Malignant Vascular Tumors Of The Head And Neck—Which Type Of Therapy Works Best? Cancers. 2021; 13(24):6201. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Cancers13246201

Abstract: Background: Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block (BSCPB) Provides Good Postoperative Analgesia For Thyroidectomy, Which Is Associated With Incisional Pain, Post-Operative Nausea Vomiting (PONV), Dysphagia Due To Tissue Dissection, And Endotracheal Intubation. Adjuvants Like Dexmedetomidine Provides Prolonged Analgesia With Slight Adverse Effects. Aim: This Study Was Done To Know The Efficacy Of Dexmedetomidine Alone And Dexamethasone As An Adjuvant With 0.25 % Ropivacaine In BSCPB For Thyroidectomy. Materials And Methods: The Current Interventional, Randomized Single Blinded Study Was Done Among 50 Patients Scheduled For Thyroidectomy......

Keywords: Ropivacaine, Dexamethasone, Dexmedetomidine, Bilateral Superficial Cervical Plexus Block, Post-Operative Analgesia

[1]. Berhanu N, Woldemichael K, Bezabih M. Endemic Goiter In School Children In Southwestern Ethiopia. Ethiop J Health Dev. 2004;18(3):175–8.
[2]. Enyew HD, Zemedkun KG, Dagnaw AM. Prevalence Of Goiter And Associated Factors Among Primary School Children Aged 6–12 Years Old In Goba Town, South East, Ethiopia. Int J Nutr Food Sci. 2015;4(3):381–7.
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