iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-1 ~ January 2025

Abstract: Objective: This pilot study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and characteristics of Baastrup disease (BD) among patients presenting with nonspecific low back pain (LBP) at a tertiary hospital in Southern Nigeria. Methods: 158 patients (mean age 57.4 ± 14.1 years) underwent lumbar spine MRI. Clinical records were reviewed to document demographics (age, gender, BMI) and radiological findings indicative of BD. Results: Baastrup disease was identified in 52 participants......

[1] Chou R. Low Back Pain (Chronic). American Family Physician. 2011;84(4):437- 438
[2] Dieleman JL, Baral R, Birger M, Bui AL, Bulchis A, Chapin A, Et Al. US Spending On Personal Health Care And Public Health, 1996-2013. Jama. 2016 ;316(24):2627-2646.
[3] Awosan KJ, Yikawe SS, Oche OM, Oboirien M. Prevalence, Perception And Correlates Of Low Back Pain Among Healthcare Workers In Tertiary Health Institutions In Sokoto, Nigeria. Ghana Medical Journal. 2017;51(4):164-174
[4] Baastrup I. On The Spinous Processes Of The Lumbar Vertebrae And The Soft Tissues Between Them, And On Pathological Changes In That Region. Acta Radiologica. 1933; (1):52-55
[5] Chen CK, Yeh L, Resnick D, Lai PH, Liang HL, Pan HB, Et Al. Intraspinal Posterior Epidural Cysts Associated With Baastrup's Disease: Report Of 10 Patients. American Journal Of Roentgenology. 2004;182(1):191-194.

Abstract: Background: Scrub Typhus is a mite borne reemerging zoonotic bacterial disease, transmitted by bite of chiggers of trombiculid mite.Clinical diagnosis of scrub typhus is very difficult from other acute febrile illness due to nonspecific symptoms. The aim of our study is to know the prevalence of scrub typhus in our area and its relationship with age,gender and seasonal variation.
Methods: The study was conducted in Burdwan........

Keywords: Scrub Typhus, Orientia tsutsugamushi, Bardhaman, Zoonotic, IgM ELISA

[1] Lakshmi RM, Dharma TV, Sudhaharan S, Surya SM, Emmadi R, Yadati SR, Modugu NR, Jyotsna A. Prevalence Of Scrub Typhus In A Tertiary Care Centre In Telangana, South India. Iranian Journal Of Microbiology. 2020 Jun;12(3):204.
[2] Mahajan SK. Scrub Typhus. JAPI. 2005 Nov;53(955):269.
[3] Kweon SS, Choi JS, Lim HS, Kim JR, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Yoo HS, Park O. Rapid Increase Of Scrub Typhus, South Korea, 2001–2006. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2009 Jul;15(7):1127.
[4] Jeung YS, Kim CM, Yun NR, Kim SW, Han MA, Kim DM. Effect Of Latitude And Seasonal Variation On Scrub Typhus, South Korea, 2001–2013. The American Journal Of Tropical Medicine And Hygiene. 2016 Jan 1;94(1):22.
[5] Park SW, Ha NY, Ryu B, Bang JH, Song H, Kim Y, Kim G, Oh MD, Cho NH, Lee JK. Urbanization Of Scrub Typhus Disease In South Korea. Plos Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2015 May 22;9(5):E0003814

Abstract: Osteoarticular tuberculosis accounts for 2-5% of all tuberculosis cases, with vertebral tuberculosis being the most frequent localization (50%). Peripheral joint involvement comes second, mainly affecting weight-bearing joints (hip and knee); wrist involvement is rare (< 1%).We report a case of a 42-year-old female with a history of pulmonary tuberculosis treated 10 years ago, presented with an isolated right hand swelling for a 4-month duration. His initial imaging and CT scan showed multiple destructive lesions in the carpal bones associated with multiple fluid collections, His histology and microbiological studies were positive for TB with no other concurrent evidence of TB elsewhere.

Key Word: wrist, tuberculosis, carpal bones

[1] Pertuist E. Tuberculose Ostéoarticulaire Extravertébrale. Rev Rhum 2006 ; 73 : 387-93.
[2] Boussel L, Marchand B, Blineau N, Pariset C, Hermier M, Picaud G, Emin M, Coulon A, Pagnon P, Rode A, Pin-Leveugle J, Boibieux A, Berthezène Y. Imagerie De La Tuberculose Ostéoarticulaire. J Radiol 2002 ; 83: 1025-34. 3.
[3] Benkeddache Y, Sidhoum SE, Derridj A. Les Différents Aspects De La Tuberculose De La Main (45 Cas). Ann Chir Main 1988 ; 7 : 166-75. 4.
[4] Dumontier C, Maylin V, Sauteta, Lenoble E, Urban T, Apoil A. Rupture À La Paume Des Tendons Fléchisseurs D’origine Tuberculeuse. Rev Chir Orthop 1996 ; 82: 668-71.
[5] 5. Bodur Hu, Erbay A, Bodur Ha, Yilmaz O, Kulacoglu S. Multifocal Tuberculosis Presenting With Osteoarticular And Breast Involvement. Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob 2003 ; 2 : 6.

Abstract: Laparoschisis is a rare congenital defect characterized by the evisceration of abdominal viscera through a defect in the anterior abdominal wall, usually to the right of the umbilical cord insertion. It is often isolated but can occasionally be associated with other congenital anomalies. Sacrococcygeal teratomas are common extragonadal tumors arising from pluripotent germ cells. Their co- occurrence in a twin pregnancy is exceedingly rare. We present the first known case of a twin pregnancy complicated by both laparoschisis and a sacrococcygeal teratoma. At 22 weeks of gestation, ultrasound revealed laparoschisis in both fetuses, with evisceration of the intestines, liver, and stomach. One fetus also had a large solid cystic mass in the caudal region, suggestive of a sacrococcygeal teratoma........

Key Word: Laparoschisis, sacrococcygeal teratoma, twin pregnancy, congenital anomalies, prenatal diagnosis, preterm labor, neonatal Outcome, multivisceral Failure, abdominal wall defect, teratoma.

[1] C. Foucher Et Al.Disparition Prénatale Spontanée D'un Laparoschisis : Une Évolution De Mauvais Pronostic J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (2008)
[2] Amolaket Al.Gastroschisis : A Plea For Risk Categorization Jpediatr Surg
[3] Rerb Gholz Et Al.Complex Gastroschisis Is A Different Entity To Simple Gastroschisis Affecting Morbidity And Mortality - A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis J Pediatr Surg (2014).
[4] Stoll C, Alembik Y, Dott B, Et Al. Risk Factors In Abdominal Wall Defects (Omphalocele And Gastroschisis) : A Study In A Serie Of 265,858 Consecutive Birth. Ann Genet 2001:201-8.
[5] Barrisic I, Clementi M, Häusler M, Et Al. Evalution Of Prenatal Diagnosis Of Fetal Abdominal Wall Defects By 19 European Registries. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2001;18:309-16.

Abstract: The global Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) market has witnessed robust growth, driven by an aging population, rising prevalence of chronic diseases, and increasing healthcare expenditure in developed and emerging economies. This growth is further fueled by the demand for innovative drugs, biosimilars, and generics. Historically dominated by the U.S. and Europe, API manufacturing has shifted to Asia, with India and China emerging as key players due to their cost advantages, skilled labor, and government support. India, dubbed the "pharmacy of the world," is a leading exporter, while China dominates global API production by volume.........

Key Word: Active pharmaceutical ingredient, Innovative drugs, Generics.

[1] Nagur M, Kumar TM, Puranik SB. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (Api) Supply Chain In Europe, United States, India, China And Canada. International Journal Of Drug Regulatory Affairs. 2020;8(3):1-10.
[2] Gupta H, Kayande RA. Enhancing Pharmaceutical Supply Chain Resilience: A Study Of Pharmaceutical Companies In Multiple Geographies. Indian Journal Of Pharmaceutical Education And Research. 2023;1;57(2):603-11.
[3]
Kumar V, Bansal V, Madhavan A, Kumar M, Sindhu R, Awasthi MK, Binod P, Saran S. Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Chemicals: A Critical Review Of Current Biotechnological Approaches. Bioengineered. 2022 1;13(2):4309-27.
[4]
Singh S, Popli H. Indian Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Industry-An Overview On Challenges, Opportunities & Regulatory Prerequisites. International Journal Of Drug Regulatory Affairs. 2021;9(2):66-76.
[5]
Kapoor A, Rao S, Thomas R. Outsourcing And Cost-Cutting Trends In The Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Sector. J Outsourcing Pharm. 2020;6(4):44-50.

Abstract: Intermittent fasting (IF) is a dietary strategy alternating periods of eating and fasting. Gaining popularity for its potential to reduce chronic diseases such as diabetes and hypertension, mitigate the effects of ageing, and alleviate stress, IF presents a compelling approach to health. This review evaluates the mechanisms, benefits, limitations, and potential risks associated with intermittent fasting, aligning these insights with evidence-based research. Additionally, this article explores emerging studies and practical applications to further support its role in health and longevity.

[1]
Cahill, G. F. (2006). Fuel Metabolism In Starvation. Annual Review Of Nutrition, 26, 1-22.
[2]
Levine, B., & Kroemer, G. (2019). Biological Functions Of Autophagy Genes: A Disease Perspective. Cell, 176(1), 11-42.
[3]
Horne, B. D., Et Al. (2015). Intermittent Fasting And Insulin Sensitivity. Diabetes Care, 38(1), 48-54.
[4]
Anton, S. D., Et Al. (2018). Flipping The Metabolic Switch: Understanding The Health Benefits Of Fasting. Obesity, 26(2), 254-268.
[5]
Patterson, R. E., & Sears, D. D. (2017). Metabolic Effects Of Intermittent Fasting. Annual Review Of Nutrition, 37, 371-393.

Abstract: Background: Herniorrhaphy is one of the most common surgical procedures for uncomplicated inguinal hernias in young adults. With increasing knowledge about various anaesthetic options, it is now possible to perform these procedures as daycare surgeries. The two common techniques used for skin incision are scalpel and diathermy. Here, we compare the two methods of skin closure for herniorrhaphy procedures.
Aim: To compare the pain and wound-associated postoperative outcomes among scalpel and electrocautery incisions in adolescent inguinal hernia patients undergoing herniorrhaphy.......

Key Word: Herniorrhaphy, Adolescent patients, Scalpel, Electrocautery, scar, blood

[1]
A Comparative Study Of Electrocautery Versus Cold Scalpel For Skin Incision In Inguinal Hernia Repairj Nepalgunj Med Coll, 14 (2017), P. 14, 10.3126/Jngmc.V14i1.17487[Published Online First: Epub Date]
[2]
Shivagouda P, Gogeri BV, Godhi AS, Metgud SC Of Diathermy Incision Versus Scalpel Incision Over Skin In Patients Undergoing Inguinal Hernia Repair. Rec Res Sci Tech 2010; 2: 44-47.
[3]
Mendy Hatibie Oley ,Maximillian Christian Oley Billy Johnson Kepel Et Al, Post-Skin Incision Scar Tissue Assessment Using Patient And Observer Scar Assessment Scales: A Randomised Controlled Trial Annals Of Medicine And Surgeryvolume 71, November 2021, 103006 Annals Of Medicine And Surgery
[4]
F. Zarei, M.K. Shahmoradi Scalpel Versus Electrocautery For Herniorrhaphy Incision: A Randomized Controlled Trail Int. J. Surg. Open., 28 (2021), Pp. 33-36, 10.1016/J.Ijso.2020.12.005

Abstract: Background: The empirical treatment of patients with suspected Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections with newer anti-MRSA agents namely Vancomycin or Linezolid, need justification before prescribing. The first step for Staphylococcus aures infection is to begin with thorough source control namely removal of any device or draining pus collection. Then, second step is to evaluate patient risk profile for possible MRSA infection and third is select the anti-MRSA agent with more than 80% susceptibility from the local antibiogram data for MRSA clinical isolates for anti-MRSA agents.......

Key Word: MRSA, antibiogram, WHONET

[1]
Murray CJL, Ikuta KS, Sharara F, Swetschinski L, Robles Aguilar G, Gray A, Et Al. Global Burden Of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance In 2019: A Systematic Analysis. The Lancet. 2022 Feb;399(10325):629–55.
[2]
Mestrovic T, Robles Aguilar G, Swetschinski LR, Ikuta KS, Gray AP, Davis Weaver N, Et Al. The Burden Of Bacterial Antimicrobial Resistance In The WHO European Region In 2019: A Cross-Country Systematic Analysis. Lancet Public Health. 2022 Nov;7(11): E897–913.
[3]
Jean SS, Harnod D, Hsueh PR. Global Threat Of Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria. Front Cell Infect Microbiol [Internet]. 2022 Mar 15 [Cited 2025 Jan 24];12. Available From: Https://Www.Frontiersin.Org/Journals/Cellular-And-Infection-Microbiology/Articles/10.3389/Fcimb.2022.823684/Full
[4]
Guidelines For The Control And Prevention Of Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) In Healthcare Facilities - Journal Of Hospital Infection [Internet]. [Cited 2025 Jan 24]. Available From:
Https://Www.Journalofhospitalinfection.Com/Article/S0195-6701(06)00002-8/Fulltext
[5]
AMSP_Guidelines_Final.Pdf [Internet]. [Cited 2023 Mar 7]. Available From:
Https://Iamrsn.Icmr.Org.In/Images/Pdf/AMSP_Guidelines_Final.Pdf

Abstract: Schizophrenia along with other psychiatric disorders, is one of the severe disorders known to have existence in every society and culture around the globe. A patient with schizophrenia may experience bodily sensations imposed by external agents. Besides all other conditions which are faced by schizophrenic patients a difficulty creating circumstance is somatic passivity. Among a major portion of schizophrenic subjects this condition creates obstacles in the way of living of the individual. The researcher attempted to figure out the severity through comparing dopamine and norepinephrine levels of schizophrenic individuals having somatic passivity and not having the symptom........

Key Word: Spectrophotometric Evaluation; Dopamine; Norepinephrine; Schizophrenia; Somatic Passivity

[1]
Philip Cowen, Paul Harrison, Tom Burns. Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. 2012; 6:255
[2]
Pavo Orepic Et Al. Sensorimotor Conflicts Induce Somatic Passivity And Louden Quiet Voices In Healthy Listeners. Schizophrenia Research. 2021;231:171
[3]
Namrata Chakraborty. Probable Association Between Personality Patterns And Experiences Of Passivity In Schizophrenia. The International Journal Of Indian Psychology. 2016; 4: 162
[4]
Anastasia Lim And Jan Dirk Blom. Tactile And Somatic Hallucinations In A Muslim Population Of Psychotic Patients. Frontiers In Psychiatry. 2021; 12:2
[5]
Sarah Pirio Richardson Et Al. Timing Of The Sense Of Volition In Patients With Schizophrenia. 2020; 14: 1

Abstract: Allow me to present to you a revolutionary treatment solution Miracle - 32 Dental Treatment for Dental Agony that all of us have to undergo at some point of time in life to enable us all overcome the overwhelming discomfort we have to go through. Strong set of teeth are essential to chew properly and avoid innumerable digestive, psychological, physiological discomfort The fear the dental patient faces is of the Injection and the Dental Drill.

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Abstract: Whooping cough is a highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract, caused by Bordetella pertussis. It is most severe in unvaccinated infants. The whole cell vaccine against pertussis, combined with diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, has long been part of the standard immunization schedule for infants and young children. Since the early 1990s, an acellular vaccine has been introduced in many countries. Although the acellular vaccine is highly effective, it is less effective in preventing the spread of the disease. Evidence is increasing that B. pertussis infections occur more frequently in older children and adults in vaccinated populations than has been commonly recognized.....

[1]
Jason M. Warfel, Lindsey I. Zimmerman Et Al. Acellular Pertussis Vaccines Protect Against Disease But Fail To Prevent Infection And Transmission In A Nonhuman Primate Model. PNAS | January 14, 2014 | Vol. 111 | No. 2 | 787–792
[2]
Maarten M. Immink, Msc; Mireille N. Bekker,Et Al. Maternal Pertussis Immunization And Immunoglobulin G Levels In Early- To Late-Term And Preterm Infants. JAMA Network Open. 2024;7(7):E2424608.
[3]
Elisa Procedure From Kit Literature
[4]
Maartenm. Immink, Msc1,2; Mireille N. Bekker, MD, Phd2; Hester E. De Melker, Phd1; Et Al Maternal Pertussis Immunization And Immunoglobulin G Levels In Early- To Late-Term And Preterm Infants JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(7):E2424608
[5] Viswanathan R, Bafna S, Patil K, Et Al. Pertussis Seroprevalence In Mother–Infant Pairs From India: Role Of Maternal Immunization. Arch Dis Child 2022;107:431–435

Abstract: Background: Orthodontic ligatures are potential vector that may be used for local delivery of antimicrobial agent to prevent WSL in orthodontic patients. Coating elastomeric ligatures with antimicrobial CHX-HMP nanoparticles could provide a sustained dose of anti-microbial delivery eliminating dependence on patient compliance. there is no literature evidence on anti-microbial effect of CHX-HMP NPs coated ligatures in orthodontic patients.......

Key Word: Chlorhexidine, elastomeric modules, anti-microbial

[1]
Sukontapatipark W Et Al 2001 Bacterial Colonization Associated With Fixed Orthodontic Appliances. A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study; Eur J Orthod. 23:475–84.
[2]
Berkowitz RJ. Mutans Streptococci: Acquisition And Transmission. Pediatric Dent. 2006; 28:106–9.
[3]
Sunderaraj D Et Al 2015 Critical Evaluation Of Incidence And Prevalence Of White Spot Lesions During Fixed Orthodontic Appliance Treatment: A Meta-Analysis; J. Int. Soc. Prev. Community Dent. 5:433–9.
[4]
Ogaard B, Rolla G, Arends J. Orthodontic Appliances And Enamel Demineralization. Part 1. Lesion Development. Am J Orthod;1988; 94:68-73.
[5]
Ireland AJ, Soro V, Sprague SV, Harradine NWT, Day C, Al- Anezi S, Et Al. The Effects Of Different Orthodontic Appliances Upon Microbial Communities. Orthod Craniofac Res 2014; 17:115-23.