iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-4 ~ April 2025

Abstract: Gynecomastia is abnormal enlargement of the breast tissue especially in adolescent and adult males. Grade 3 gynaecomastia of Simon's classification has excess skin, enlarged areola, and displaced nipple. Although harmless, it is a source of embarrassment and psychological distress is the main indication for surgical treatment. An ideal surgical treatment aims to.......

Keywords: Gynaecomastia, Liposuction, Skin Reduction Surgery, Complications

[1] Daniels Ir, Layer Gt. Gynecomastia. Eur J Surg. 2001;167:885–92.
[2] Kasielska A, Antoszewski B. Effect Of Operative Treatment On Psychosocial Problems Of Men With Gynaecomastia. Pol Przegl Chir. 2011;83:614–21.
[3] Mentz Ha, Ruiz-Razura A, Newall G, Patronella Ck, Miniel La. Correction Of Gynecomastia Through A Single Puncture Incision. Aesthetic Plast Surg. 2007;31:244–9.
[4] Motamed S, Hassanpour Se, Moosavizadeh Sm, Heidari A, Rouientan A, Nazemian M. Successful Excision Of Gynecomastia With Nipple Repositioning Technique Utilizing The Dermoglandular Flap. World J Plast Surg. 2015;4:163–7..

Abstract: Objective - To report the occurrence of variable anatomy in maxillary first molar to aid in evidence based endodontic practice in future. Clinical Considerations - Anatomic variations are very common in maxillary first molars which can be found in the crown as well as root. Maxillary molars have the most complicated anatomy in maxillary dentition, henceforth it becomes vital to study and report their aberrations in detail. The occurrence of 2 roots with 2 canals in maxillary first molar is a rare event as......

Keywords : maxillary molar, endodontic management, variable anatomy

[1] Kulild JC, Peters DD. Incidence And Configuration Of Canal Systems In The Mesiobuccal Root Of Maxillary First And Second Molars. J Endod. 1990;16(7):311-7.
[2] Sabala CL, Benenati FW, Neas BR. Bilateral Root Or Root Canal Aberrations In A Dental School Patient Population. J Endod 1994;20:38‐42
[3] Burns RC, Herbranson EJ. Tooth Morphology And Cavity Preparation. In: Cohen S, Burns RC, Editors. Pathways Of The Pulp. 8TH Ed. St. Louis: Mosby, An Imprint Of Elsevier; 2002. P. 173‐229
[4] Malagnino V, Gallottini L, Passariello P. Some Unusual Clinical Cases On Root Anatomy Of Permanent Maxillary Molars. J Endod 1997;23:127‐8
[5] Fava LR. Root Canal Treatment In An Unusual Maxillary First Molar: A Case Report. Int Endod J 2001;34:649‐53.

Abstract: The risk of uterine rupture in a gravid, unscarred uterus is largely unknown. It is a very rare but critical obstetric complication that requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Many women with ruptured uterus present with hypovolemic shock and maternal and perinatal mortality occur very commonly. Presence of haematuria after Vaginal delivery should raise concerns of bladder rupture. The uterus can be managed conservatively or by hysterectomy. Scarred uteri are usually dealt with precaution, as rupture of the uterus is a known and anticipated complication. Here.......

Keywords - Uterine rupture, Gravid uterus, obstetric hysterectomy, labor

[1] Https://Www.Ncbi.Nlm.Nih.Gov/Books/NBK559209/
[2] Https://Www.Slideshare.Net/Slideshow/Uterine-Rupture-248317682/248317682
[3] Https://Www.Ijrcog.Org/Index.Php/Ijrcog/Article/View/14921/9242
[4] Unzilaa, Errol R. Vacuum-Assisted Vaginal Delivery.Rev Obstet Gynaecol. 2009;2(1):5-17.
[5] Assisted Vaginal Birth (Green-Top Guideline No. 26). Available At: Https://Www.Rcog.Org.Uk/Guidance/Browse-All-Guidance/Green-Top-Guidelines/Assisted-Vaginal-Birth Green-Top-Guideline-No-26/. Accessed On 19September 2024.

Abstract: Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects the tissues supporting the teeth and has been linked to systemic inflammation and a range of chronic conditions. The Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI), which combines neutrophil, monocyte, and lymphocyte counts, is emerging as a promising marker for assessing systemic inflammatory status.......

Keywords: Systemic Inflammatory Response Index, Periodontitis, Inflammatory Markers, Systemic disease, Neutrophils, Lymphocytes, Monocytes

[1] Abdulkareem, Ali A., Firas B. Al-Taweel, Ali J. B. Al-Sharqi, Sarhang S. Gul, Aram Sha, And Iain L. C. Chapple. 2023. "Current Concepts In The Pathogenesis Of Periodontitis: From Symbiosis To Dysbiosis." Journal Of Oral Microbiology 15 (1): 2197779.
[2] Acharya, Anirudh Balakrishna, Indrajith Padukone Shetty, Shrinidhi Jain, Ibbani Padakannaya, Swetha Acharya, Leena Shettar, And Srinath Thakur. 2019. "Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio And Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio In Chronic Periodontitis Before And After Nonsurgical Therapy." Journal Of Indian Society Of Periodontology 23 (5): 419–23.
[3] Caton, Jack G., Gary Armitage, Tord Berglundh, Iain L. C. Chapple, Søren Jepsen, Kenneth S. Kornman, Brian L. Mealey, Panos N. Papapanou, Mariano Sanz, And Maurizio S. Tonetti. 2018. "A New Classification Scheme For Periodontal And Peri-Implant Diseases And Conditions - Introduction And Key Changes From The 1999 Classification." Journal Of Periodontology 89 Suppl 1 (June): S1–8.
[4] Cekici, Ali, Alpdogan Kantarci, Hatice Hasturk, And Thomas E. Van Dyke. 2014. "Inflammatory And Immune Pathways In The Pathogenesis Of Periodontal Disease." Periodontology 2000 64 (1): 57–80

Abstract: Over the past decade, there has been a marked rise in the popularity of non-surgical and minimally invasive techniques aimed at facial rejuvenation and delaying visible signs of aging. Among these techniques, the use of botulinum toxin injections and dermal fillers has become especially prevalent worldwide. Botulinum toxin type A, derived from one of the most potent biological toxins, achieves its effects by blocking acetylcholine release at neuromuscular junctions, causing temporary muscular.......

Key Word: Aesthetic; Botulinum toxin type A; Challenges; Medicine; Safety

[1] Zhou, K.; Luo, W.; Liu, T.; Ni, Y.; Qin, Z. Neurotoxins Acting At Synaptic Sites: A Brief Review On Mechanisms And Clinical Applications. Toxins, V.15, N.18, 2023.
[2] Willis, B; Eubanks, L.M.; Dickerson, T.J.; Janda, K.D. The Strange Case Of The Botulinum Neurotoxin: Using Chemistry And Biology To Modulate The Most Deadly Poison. Angew Chem Int Ed., V.47, N.44, P.8360–8679, 2008.
[3] Sethi, N.; Singh, S.; Deboulle, K.; Rahman, E. A Review Of Complications Due To The Use Of Botulinum Toxin A For Cosmetic Indications. Pharmacology, V.95, P.65–69, 2021. DOI: 10.1159/000370245.
[4] Trindade, A.R.; Secco, L.C.; Carruthers, A. Handling Botulinum Toxins: An Updated Literature Review. Dermatol Surg., V.37, N.11, P.1553–1565, 2011.
[5] Awan, K.H. The Therapeutic Usage Of Botulinum Toxin (Botox) In Non-Cosmetic Head And Neck Conditions—An Evidence-Based Review. Saudi Pharm J., V.25, N.1, P.18–24, 2017..

Abstract: Background: Referral services play a crucial role in identifying and managing high-risk pregnancies, forming a key component of maternal and child healthcare. This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and reasons for obstetric and gynecological referrals, and to assess the availability of essential emergency care at peripheral health centers. Methods: A total of 5355 patients referred to teaching hospital,KIMS, Koppal from various peripheral and private hospitals were included......

Key Word: Referral cases, Obstetrics, Gynecology, Obstructed labour

[1] Murray, SF And Pearson, SC. Maternity Referral Systems In Developing Countries: Current Knowledge And Future Research Needs. Social Science And Medicine. 2006; 62:2205–2215.
[2] Thaddeus S, Maine D. Too Far To Walk: Maternal Mortality In Context. Social Science And Medicine. 1994;38:1091–1110.
[3] Shilpa SB, Anandpk. Study Of Obstetric Referral Stoteaching Institute, Indian Jappl Res 2013;3(7):469-71. Gupta PR, Chaudhari SN, Gonnade NV. Maternal And Fetaloutcome In Referred Patients To Tertiary Care Centre, Sch Japp Medsci2016;4(5C):1624-1631
[4] Jain Drv, Jain Drs. A Study On Referred Obstetric Cases In A Tertiary Care Hospital In Central India. International Journal Of Clinical Obstetrics And Gynaecology [Internet]. 2020 Nov 1 [Cited 2024 Apr 30];4(6):100–3. Available
From:Https://Www.Gynaecologyjournal.Com/Articles/740/4-5-47-542.Pdf.

Abstract: Background: The best way to prevent and slow down Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) transmission is to be well informed about the disease and how the virus spreads. Medical students are the first people to have close contact with those infected with COVID-19, so their awareness of the disease is crucial for their safety and plays an important role in spreading supportive information in their communities. Aim: To asses COVID 19 related knowledge, attitude, and perception......

Key Word: COVID-19, Knowledge, Attitude, Perception, MBBS students.

[1] Who. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19): Situation Report. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2020. P. 72. World Health Organization.Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Situation Report — 26. Avail-Able From: Https://Www.Who.Int/Docs/Default-Source/Coronaviruse/Situation-Reports/20200215-Sitrep-26-Covid-19.Pdf?Sfvrsn=A4cc6787_2
[2] Https://En.Unesco.Org/Covid19/Educationresponse. [Accessed 12 January2021]
[3] World Health Organization. Timeline Of Who's Response To Covid-19. Https://Www.Who.Int/News-Room/Detail/29-06-2020-Covidtimeline. [Accessed 9 June2020].
[4] Hager E, Odetokun Ia, Bolarinwa O, Zainab A, Okechukwu O, Al-Mustapha Ai.Knowledge, Attitude, And Perceptions Towards The 2019 Coronavirus Pandemic:A Bi-National Survey In Africa. Plos One 2020;15(7):E0236918,
[5] Zhu N, Zhang D, Wang W, Li X, Yang B, Song J, Et Al. A Novel Coronavirus Frompatients With Pneumonia In China, 2019. N Engl J Med 2020;382(8):727–33,Pmid: 31978945.

Abstract: Background: Anal fistula treatment remains a challenging aspect of colorectal surgery, with the primary goals being eradication of the fistula tract, infection control, and preservation of anal sphincter function. This study compares the efficacy and outcomes of Fistula Tract Laser Closure (FiLaC) versus Open Fistulotomy in the treatment of simple anal fistulas. Methods: This randomized control trial was conducted at the Department of Colorectal Surgery, Combined Military Hospital, Dhaka, over a period of six months. Sixty patients with simple anal fistula were enrolled and divided into two groups......

Key Word: Anal Fistula, Fistula Tract Laser Closure, Open Fistulotomy, Randomized, Colorectal Surgery.

[1]. Suhardja TS, Lim JTH, Duieb Z, Nguyen TC, Teoh WMK, Chouhan H. How to do a Fistula tract Laser Closure (FiLaC) for trans-sphincteric fistula-in-ano. ANZ Journal of Surgery [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2023 Dec 20];91(6):1292–4. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ans.16778
[2]. Hokkanen SR, Boxall N, Khalid JM, Bennett D, Patel H. Prevalence of anal fistula in the United Kingdom. World J Clin Cases [Internet]. 2019 Jul 26 [cited 2023 Dec 20];7(14):1795–804. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6692258/
[3]. Handaya AY, Fauzi AR. Combined Fistulotomy and Contralateral Anal Internal Sphincterotomy for Recurrent and Complex Anal Fistula to Prevent Recurrence. Ann Coloproctol [Internet]. 2020 Apr [cited 2023 Dec 20];36(2):122–7. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7299570/
[4]. Jordán J, Roig JV, García-Armengol J, García-Granero E, Solana A, Lledó S. Risk factors for recurrence and incontinence after anal fistula surgery. Colorectal Disease [Internet]. 2010 [cited 2023 Dec 20];12(3):254–60. Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1463-1318.2009.01806.x
[5]. Adegbola SO, Sahnan K, Tozer P, Warusavitarne J. Emerging Data on Fistula Laser Closure (FiLaC) for the Treatment of Perianal Fistulas; Patient Selection and Outcomes. Clin Exp Gastroenterol [Internet]. 2021 Dec 6 [cited 2023 Dec 20];14:467–75. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8664604/

Abstract: Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) is the gold standard for treating symptomatic gallstone disease. However, technical challenges and the need for conversion to open cholecystectomy remain significant concerns, especially in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. This study aimed to evaluate the technical problems, conversion rates, and associated factors in patients undergoing LC.........

Key Word: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, conversion to open surgery, technical challenges, gallstone disease, resource-constrained settings, adhesions, Bangladesh..

[1]. Sugrue M, Coccolini F, Bucholc M, Johnston A, Contributors from WSES. Intra-operative gallbladder scoring predicts conversion of laparoscopic to open cholecystectomy: a WSES prospective collaborative study. World J Emerg Surg. 2019;14:12.
[2]. Antoniou SA, Antoniou GA, Koch OO, Pointner R, Granderath FA. Meta-analysis of laparoscopic vs open cholecystectomy in elderly patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014 Dec 14;20(46):17626–34.
[3]. Gadacz TR. Update on laparoscopic cholecystectomy, including a clinical pathway. Surg Clin North Am. 2000 Aug;80(4):1127–49.