iosr-JECE   Second International Conference on Emerging Trends in Engineering' 2013

Abstract: Smart Antenna Systems is one of the most rapidly developing areas of communication. With effective direction of arrival (DOA) and Beam forming techniques Smart Antenna Systems prove to be most efficient in terms of quality of signals in wireless communication. In this paper a brief overview of Smart Antenna along with a survey on high resolution direction of arrival estimation algorithms for array antenna systems is presented and compared for different parameters. It can help one understand the effectiveness of the DOA algorithms over others under certain parametric conditions.

Keywords - Antenna array, DOA estimation, ESPRIT, MUSIC ,Smart antenna.

1] Ivica Stevanovi´c, Anja Skrivervik and Juan R. Mosig, thesis on Smart Antenna Systems for Mobile Communications, Ecole Polytechnique F´ed´erale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne Suisse January 2003.

2] Chris Loadman ,Dr. Zhizhang Chen ,Dylan Jorgensen, An Overview of Adaptive Antenna Technologies For Wireless Communications,Communication Networks and Services Research Conference 2003.

3] Sai Suhas Balabadrapatruni, Performance Evaluation Of Direction Of Arrival Estimation Using Matlab, Signal & Image Processing : An International Journal (SIPIJ) Vol.3, No.5, October 2012.

4] Lotfi Osman, Imen Sfar and Ali Gharsallah , Comparative Study of High-Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Algorithms for Array Antenna System , International Journal of Research and Reviews in Wireless Communications (IJRRWC) Vol. 2, No. 1, March 2012, ISSN: 2046-6447.

5] T. B. Lavate, V. K. Kokate & A. M. Sapkal, Performance Analysis of MUSIC and ESPRIT DOA Estimation Algorithms for Adaptive Array Smart Antenna in Mobile Communication, International Journal of Computer Netwoks (IJCN), Volume(2):Issue(3) 152.

6] Fulai Liu, Jinkuan Wang, Member, IEEE, Changyin Sun, Member, IEEE, and Ruiyan Du, Spatial Differencing Method for DOA Estimation Under the Coexistence of Both Uncorrelated and Coherent Signals, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION, VOL. 60, NO. 4, APRIL 2012.

7] Tanuja S. Dhope(Shendkar) ,Application of MUSIC, ESPRIT and ROOT MUSIC in DOA Estimation .

Abstract: With the growing economy India is facing energy shortage of 9.6% in 2006-07. Capacity addition of 49GW was under construction out of 78GW planned in this closing five year plan. Capacity addition also creates environmental problems. In this context Demand Side Management shows potential to reduce this supply demand gap. This paper analyses Demand Side Management (DSM) in the cement sector of India to reduce peak shortages with cost effective measures. It also proposed cost effectiveness of DSM measures using Conservation Supply Curve. Estimate shows energy saving potential of 2100 GWh using different cost effective measures compared to capacity addition.

Keywords—Demand Side Management; Energy Saving Potential in cement sector; Conservation Supply Curve

[1] "All India Electricity Statistics, General Review 2007", Central Electricity Authority, New Delhi,2007

[2] "TERI Energy Data Directory and Yearbook", The Energy and Resource Institute, 2006. [3] "National Energy Map for India Technology Vision 2030", The Energy and Resource Institute,2006

[4] "Concrete Facts: The Life Cycle of the Indian Cement Industry", Centre for Science and Environment, 2005. [

5] "Carbon Capture Technology - Options and Potentials for the Cement Industry" European Cement Research Academy GmbH , 2007

[6] Markandya, A. and K. Halsnaes (eds.), "Costing Methodologies". in: B. Metz, O.Davidson, R. Swrat and Jiahua Pan (eds.) Climate Change 2001: Mitigation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK.

Abstract: The Spintronics is the area of atomic level physics. It is the promising field in the area of data storage and memory requirement. Historically, its idea has a roots since quantum theory for atomic structure. The role played by electron and its spin is answer to wards the solution of memory requirement. Thekey features are utility of traditional semiconductorwith low power consumption, compact size, fastest and largest storage capacity.

Keywords -Atom, devices, memory, spin, storage capacity

[1] Jeremy J Ramsden Dept of advanced material, cranefield university, Bedfordshire, UK
[2] N Taniguchi, "On the basic concepts of Nano Technology" Proc. Intl conference prod engng, Tokyo
[3] D M Eigler & E K Schweizer "Positioning single atoms with a scanning tunnelling microscope" Nature (Lond.) 344 (1990) [4] B C Regan et al "surface tension driven nano electromechanical relaxation oscillator" Appl Phys Lett 86 (2005) 123119
[5] Rainer Waiser (2nd edition), "Nano electronics and information technology - Advanced electronic materials & devices"

Abstract: The National Brain Tumor Foundation (NBTF) for research in United States estimated that 29,000 people in the U.S. were diagnosed with primary brain tumor each year and nearly 13000 people died according to the 2007 estimate. This count is continuously increasing. There are about 200 other types of tumors diagnosed in U.K. each year. Conventional methods of brain tumor classification and detection is by human inspection which are having certain disadvantages so Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) with mathematical technique called Principal Component Analysis(PCA) is used to give more accurate and fast solution. Automated classification of brain tumors is performed in two stages. Feature extraction using PCA and classification using PNN. Probabilistic Neural Network is mathematical analogues of biological neuron system, and they are made up of a parallel interconnected system of nodes called neurons. Depending on the application, the learning scheme is chosen to train the neural network.

Keywords - PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS, PROBABILISTIC NEURAL NETWORK, MEDICAL RESONANCE

[1] Qeethara Kadhim Al-Shayea, "Artificial Neural Networks in Medical Diagnosis" International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol 8,Issue 2, March 2011.
[2] N. Kwak, and C. H. Choi, "Input Feature Selection for Classification Problems", IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks, Vol.13, Issue 1, 143–159, 2002.
[3] E. D. Ubeyli and I. Guler, "Feature Extraction from Doppler Ultrasound Signals for Automated Diagnostic Systems", Computers in Biology and Medicine, Vol 35, Issue 9, 735–764, 2005.
[4] D.F. Specht, "Probabilistic Neural Networks for Classification, mapping, or associative memory", Proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Neural Networks, Vol.1, IEEE Press, New York, pp. 525-532, June 1988.
[5] T.Logeswari , and M. Karnan, "An improved implementation of brain tumor detection using segmentation based on soft computing", Journal of Cancer Research and Experimental Oncology Vol 2, Issue 1.
[6] Georgiadis. Et all , " Improving brain tumor characterization on MRI by probabilistic neural networks and non-linear transformation of textural features", Computer Methods and program in biomedicine, vol 89, pp24-32, 2008
[7] Mohd. Fauzi Othman and Mohd. Ariffanan Mohd. Basri, "Probabilistic Neural Network For Brain Tumor Classification", Second International Conference on Intelligent Systems, modeling and simulation.

Abstract: This paper presents a simulation study of different path loss empirical propagation models with measured field data in urban environment. The results are different if they are used in different environment other than in which they were designed For comparative analysis we use the Free Space path Loss model, ECC-33/hata okumura extended Model, Cost 231 hata Model, Ericsson Model, Stanford University Interim (SUI) Model. The field measurement data is taken in urban (high density region), 3500 MHz frequency. After analyzing the results Ericsson model and SUI Model shows the better results in the urban environment.

Keywords - Hata Model, Okumura's Model, Path loss, Received signal strength, Stanford University Interim (SUI)

[1] T.S Rappaport, Wireless communication – Principles and practice, 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, 2001.

[2] V.Erceg, K V S Hari, et al., "Channel models for fixed wireless applications," tech. rep., IEEE 802.16 Broadband wireless access working group, jan-2001

[3] V. Erceg, L. J. Greenstein, et al., "An empirically based path loss model for wireless channels in suburban environments," IEEE Journal on Selected Areas of Communications, vol. 17, pp. 1205–1211, July 1999.

[4] V.S. Abhayawardhana, I.J. Wassell, D. Crosby, M.P. Sellars, M.G. Brown"Comparison of empirical propagation path loss models for fixed wireless access systems" Vehicular Technology Conference, 2005. IEEE Date: 30 May-1 June 2005 Volume: 1, On page(s): 73- 77 Vol. 1

[5] T. Okumura, E. Ohmori, and K. Fukuda, "Field strength and its variability in VHF and UHF land mobile service," Review Electrical Communication Laboratory, Vol. 16, No. 9-10, pp. 825–873, Sept.-Oct. 1968.

[6] M. Hata, "Empirical formula for propagation loss in land mobile radio services," IEEE Trans. Vehic. Technol., Vol VT-29, No. 3, pp. 317–325, Aug. 1980.

[7] COST Action 231, "Digital mobile radio towards future generation systems, final report," tech. rep., European Communities, EUR 18957, 1999. [8] H. R. Anderson, Fixed Broadband Wireless System Design. John Wiley & Co., 2003.

[9] Josip Milanovic, Rimac-Drlje S, Bejuk K, "Comparison of propagation model accuracy for WiMAX on 3.5GHz," 14th IEEE International conference on electronic circuits and systems, Morocco, pp. 111-114. 2007.

[10] Simic I. lgor, Stanic I., and Zrnic B., "Minimax LS Algorithm for Automatic Propagation Model Tuning," Proceeding of the 9th Telecommunications Forum (TELFOR 2001), Belgrade, Nov.2001.

Abstract: Orthogonal Frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a very attractive technique in wireless communications which provides robustness to channel fading and immunity to impulse interference. Despite of its advantages, one of the major drawbacks of OFDM system is very high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR). Among the various PAPR reduction techniques, companding appears attractive for its simplicity and effectiveness. In this paper, comparison of companding algorithm such as 𝜇-law and exponential based on the bit error rate and signal to noise ratio is evaluated.

Keywords -Companding, OFDM, PAPR, Complementary cumulative distribution function

[1] T. Jiang and Y. Wu, "An overview: peak-to-average power ratio reduction techniques for OFDM signals," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 54, no. 2, pp. 257-268, June 2008.
[2] Luqing Wang and Chintha Tellambura "A Simplified Clipping and Filterin Technique for PAR Reduction in OFDM Systems," IEEE signal processing letters, vol. 12, no. 6, June 2005
[3] Seung Hee Han,and Jae Hong Lee, "Modified Selected Mapping Technique for PAPR Reduction of Coded OFDM Signal," IEEE transactions on broadcasting, vol. 50, no. 3, September 2004
[4] Abolfazl Ghassemi, and T. Aaron Gulliver, "PAPR Reduction of OFDM Using PTS And Error-Correcting Code Sub blocking," IEEE transactions on wireless communications vol. 9, no. 3, march 2010
[5] X. Wang, T. T. Tjhung, and C. S. Ng, "Reduction of peak-to-average power ratio of OFDM system using a companding technique," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 45, no. 3, pp. 303-307, Sept. 1999.
[6] T. Jiang and G. Zhu, "Nonlinear companding transform for reducing peak to- average power ratio of OFDM signals," IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 342-346, Sept. 2004.
[7] T. Jiang, Y. Yang, and Y. Song, "Exponential compa

Abstract: The demand for high-speed mobile wireless communications is rapidly growing. OFDM technology promises to be a key technique for achieving the high data capacity and spectral efficiency requirements for wireless communication systems of the near future. It is adopted as a standard for HYPERLAN & IEEE 802.11. It offers considerable high data rate, high spectral efficiency, high power efficiency, multipath delay spread tolerance. It has a flexibility to adapt the modulation scheme on subcarriers according to the channel performance, i.e. signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, we analyze the Bit Error Rate (BER),Mean Square Error(MSE), Spectral Efficiency, Throughput performance of adaptive OFDM with BPSK,QPSK & QAM modulation over AWGN channel. Keywords - BER , MSE, OFDM, SNR, Spectral Efficiency, Throughput.

[1] A.Sohail and M.N.Jafri, "Adaptive OFDM over Frequency Selective and Fast Fading Channel Using Blockwise Bit Loading Algorithm", IEEE International Conferenece on Wireless and Optical Communication Networks,pp. 1-4, July 2007.

[2] A.Cyzlwik, "Adaptive OFDM for wideband radio channels", Global Telecommunications Conference, vol 1, pp713-718, Nov 1996. [3] X She ,Z.Zhang,S.Zhou,Yan Yao, "Adaptive Turbo Coded Modulation for OFDM Transmissions ", Proceedings of ICCT.pp.1491- 1495,2003.

[4] K.M.Hadi , R.Tripathi and K.Kant, " Performance of Adaptive Modulation in Multipath Fading Channel",The 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, vol. 2, pp.1277- 1282, 20-22 February 2006.

[5] L. Khalid and A. Anpalagan, "Threshold-Based Adaptive Modulation with Adaptive Subcarrier Allocation in OFCDM-Based 4G Wireless Systems," IEEE VehicularTechnology Conference, pp.1-6, Sept. 2006.

[6] S.Sampei and H.Harada, "System Design Issues and Performance Evaluations for Adaptive Modulation in New Wireless Access Systems", Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol .95, no.12, pp. 2456-2471,Dec 2007.

[7] B. Le Flock, M. Alard, and C. Berrou, "Coded orthogonal frequency division multiplex," Proceedings of the IEEE, Vol. 83, no. 6, June l995.

[8] K.M.Hadi , R.Tripathi and K.Kant, " Performance of Adaptive Modulation in Multipath Fading Channel", The 8th International Conference on Advanced Communication Technology, ICACT, vol. 2, pp. 1277-1282, 20-22 February 2006.

[9] T.S.Rappaport,Wireless Communications Principles & Practice ( II nd Edition .Pentice-Hall, January 2002).

[10] J.G.Prokis,Digital Communications ( Mc-Graw Hill , New York NY, IV th Edition ,2000).

Abstract: Cervicography is one of the methods for cervical cancer screening that uses visual testing based on the color change of cervix tissues when exposed to acetic acid. Cervicography is a technique for visual screening of cervical cancer In this approach, during a gynecological exam, the uterine cervix is washed with 5% acetic acid for one minute, the processis known as visual inspection after the application of acetic acid(VIA), which causes whitening of potentially malignant regions of the epithelium; these regions are called acetowhite lesions (AW). A cervicographic image is a photograph of the uterine cervix after acetic acid treatment obtained with a specialized 35-mm camera outfitted with a ring flash. Image preprocessing is required prior to invoking AW detection algorithms on cervicographic images for two reasons: (1) to remove Specular Reflections (SR) caused by camera flash, and (2) to isolate the cervix region-of-interest (ROI) from image regions that are irrelevant to the analysis. Another technique is colposcopy in which the images of uterine cervix are obtained with a specialized camera outfitted with a ring flash. I n this paper the simulation of segmentation based detection of specular reflection is carried out using simulink toolbox of MATLAB prior to this image processing toolbox (IPT) is used for preprocessing and the results obtained are the detected SR regions in an uterine cervix images.The automatically finding and isolating cervix region of interest is very helpful when compared with manually finding and isolating cervix region of interest for diagnostics in cervical cancer.

Keywords - Acetowhite [AW], Cervicography, cervix region-of-interest [ROI], inspection after the application of acetic acid(VIA), Specular Reflection [SR].

Journal Papers:
[1] Pogue, B.W., Kaufman, H.B., Zelenchuk, A., Harper, W., Burke, G.C., Burke, E.E., Harper, D.M.: Analysis of
acetic acid-induced whitening of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions., Journal of Biomedical Optics 6 ,2001,397-403
Books:
[2] Gonzales, Rafael C. and Richard E. Woods. Digital Image Processing. 2nd edition (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002).
Chapters in Books:
[3]Gonzales, Rafael C. and Richard E. Woods, Color Image Processing edition (Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2002). 342-
366.
Proceedings Papers:
[4] G. Zimmerman and H. Greenspan, "Automatic detection of specular reflections in uterine cervix images", Proc. Of SPIE Medical Imaging, Vol. 6144, 2006, pp. 2037-2045.
[5]Hervet, E., Kardouchi, M., Segmentation and histogram transform of color colposcopic images. : International. Conference on Signal and Image Processing (ICISP). Volume 2. Agadir, Morocco (2003) 412-420.
[6]Van-Raad, V.: Frequency space analysis of cervical images using short time Fourier transform. : Proceedings of the IASTED
International Conference of Biomedical Engineering 1 (2003) 77-81.
[7]Klinker, G., Shafer, S.A., Kanade, T.: The measurement of highlights in color images. : International Journal of Computer Vision 2(1988) 7-32.
[8] Gershon, R., Jepson, A.D., Tsotsos, and J.K.: Highlight identification using chromatic information. : Proceedings of the firstInternational Conference on Computer Vision (ICCV). (1987) 161-171
.[9]Zhyun Xue, S. Antani, L. Rodney Long, Jose Jeronimo, George R. Thoma: Comparative Performance Analysis of CervixROI Extraction and Specular Reflection Removal Algorithms for Uterine Cervix Image: Proc. of SPIE Vol. 6512, (2007) 65124I-1-9.

Abstract: There has been growing interest in researchers to merge wearable system technology with textiletechnology. Utilization of textile material for development of antenna has been rapid due to wearable computing. A wearable antenna is meant to be a part of clothing used for communication purpose such asTracking and navigation, health monitoring, fire-fighting and space and military applications. All these togetherhave resulted in research for flexible textile antennas. In this paper, textile antenna is designed for ISM bandfrequency 2.4 GHz. Ansoft HFSS is used for design simulation. Resonant frequency after simulation is exactly2.4GHz with return loss of -23.64dB.

Key Words-Microstrip Antenna (MSA),High Frequency Structure Simulator(HFSS),Return Loss(S11)

[1] Antenna Theory Analysis and Design, Constantine A. Balanis.

[2] Ramesh Garg, Prakash Bhartia, Inder Bahl,Apisak ittipiboon, "Microstrip Antenna Design Handbook," Second Edition, 1998.

[3] Raj Kumar and P.Malathi, "Experimental Investigation of Resonance Frequency of Multilayered Rectangular and Circular Microstrip Antennas", Microwave and optical Technology Letters, Vol.53,No.2, February 2011.

4] Leena Varshney, "CPW-Fed Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna", International Journal of Advanced Engineering & Application, Jan 2011 Issue.

[5] Il-Kwon Kim, Jong-Gwan Yook, and Han-Kyu Park, "Fractal-Shape Small Size Microstrip Patch Antenna", Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, Vol. 34, No. 1, July 5 2002. [6] R.V.Hara Prasad, "Microstrip fractal patch antenna for multi-band communication", Electronics Letters, 6th July 2000, Vol.36, No.14.

[7] Bharat Bhushan Agrawal, Vibha Rani Gupta, "Improvement of Impedance Matching of a Rectangular Printed Monopole Antenna", Microwave Review, September, 2008.

[8] L. Vegni and A. Toscano, "Analysis of microstrip antennas using neural networks," IEEE Trans. Magn., Vol. 33, pp. 1414–1419, Mar. 1997.

[9] R. K. Mishra and A. Patnaik, "Design of circular microstrip antenna using neural network", Inst. Electron. Telecommun (IETE) Eng. J. Res. vol. 44, nos. 1–2, pp. 35–39, Jan.–Apr. 1998.

[10] A. Patnaik, R. K. Mishra, G. K. Patra, and S. K. Dash, "An artificial neural network model for effective dielectric constant of microstrip line," IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.., vol. 45, p. 1697, Nov. 1997.

Abstract: In microstrip antenna research a new trend is found where the researchers improve antenna characteristics by introducing different structures within the antenna geometry. With the development of computational electromagnetic new approaches of analysis has become another branch of activity. This paper presents a design of stacked patch configuration of microstrip multiband antenna, which is suitable for various wireless applications. The proposed wideband stacked antenna is designed on the FR4 substrate, and simulated on Zeland IE3D software. The antenna parameters such as VSWR, return losses, impedance bandwidth and radiation characteristics such as radiation efficiency, gain and radiation patterns have been discussed.

Key Words- microstrip antenna, multiband, stacked patch, wideband.

1] Microstrip Patch Antenna Bandwidth Enhancement Using AMC/EBG Structures R. C. Hadarig, M. E. de Cos, and F. Las-Heras Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Antennas and Propagation Volume 2012, Article ID 843754, 6 pages doi:10.1155/2012/84375.

[2] A Compact Planar Multiband Antenna For Integrated Mobile Devices, W.-J. Liao, S.-H. Chang, and L.-K. Li Progress In Electromagnetics Research, Vol.10,1{16, 2010

[3] Antenna System For Multi-Band Satellite Communications, Mark D. Cavalier, Overwatch Systems, Ltd Tomorrow's Communications Today! ©1997 IEEE

[4] Integration of Simple Antennas to Multiband Receivers using a Novel Multiplexer Design Methodology, S.M. Shajedul Hasan, , and Steven W. Ellingson Ieee Transactions On Antenna & Propagation, Vol. Xx, No. Xx, Xxxx 2011 [

5] Multi-Band Active Integrated Antenna Using Clapp Oscillator Circuit Seunggun Baek, Gang-Sik Lee, Kyunghaeng Lee, Yong Jee, The 6th International Conference on Telecommunication Systems, Services, and Applications 2011

[6] Multiband LNA Design and RF-Sampling Front-Ends for Flexible Wireless Receivers, Stefan Andersson, ISBN 91-85523-22-4 ,ISSN 0345-7524

[7] Dual-Frequency Broadband-Stacked Microstrip Antenna Using a Reactive Loading and a Fractal-Shaped Radiating Edge, J. Anguera, C. Puente, C. Borja, , and J. Soler, Ieee Antennas And Wireless Propagation Letters, Vol. 6, 2007

[8] PIFA With a Meandered and Folded Patch for the Dual-Band Mobile Phone Application,Hong-Twu Chen, Kin-Lu Wong, and Tzung-Wern Chiou, Ieee Transactions On Antennas And Propagation, Vol. 51, No. 9, September 2003

Abstract: Mobilead-hocnetwork (MANET) is an autonomous system ofmobile nodes connected by wireless links. Due to Open medium, dynamic topology, Distributed Cooperation, ad-hoc networks are vulnerable to many types of security attacks. Black hole attack is one of the severe security threatswhich can be easily employed by exploitingvulnerability of on-demand routing protocols such as AODV.In this paper, we have discussed two routing protocols-AODV and DSR and Intrusion Detection using Anomaly Detection (IDAD) toprevent black hole attacks imposed by both single and multipleblack hole nodes in AODVwhich helps to maximize network . Keywords-Ad-hoc, Anomaly detection AODV, Blackhole

[1Tamilselvan,L.;Sankaranarayanan V., "Prevention of Blackhole Attack in MANET" Wireless Broadband and Ultra Wideband Communications, 2007. Aus Wireless 2007. The 2nd International Conference on, pp.21, 27-30 Aug. 2007

[2] Medadian M.;Mebadi,A.; Shahri, E.,"Combat with Black Hole attack in AODV routing protoco", Communications (MICC),2009 IEEE 9th Malaysia International Conference on, pp.530-535, 15-17, Dec.2009.

[3] H. Weerasinghe and H. Fu, "Preventing cooperative black hole attacks in mobile ad-hoc networks: simulation, implementationandevaluation," International Journal of Software Engineering and Its Applications, Vol. 2, No. 3 (2008) pp. 39-54.

[4] K. Lakshmi et al, "Modified AODV Protocol against BlackholeAttacks in MANET"International Journal of Engineering and Technology Vol.2 (6), 2010, 444-449

[5]Payal N Raj1 and Prashant B. Swadas2, "DPRAODV: A Dynamic Learning System against Blackhole Attack in AODV based MANET", IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science Issues, Vol. 2, 2009

[6] NitalMistry, Devesh C Jinwala, MukeshZaveri,, "Improving AODV Protocol against Blackhole Attacks", proceedings of the International Multi Conference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2010 Vol II, IMECS 2010

[7]V.Taksande, Dr.K..Kulat,"Performance Comparison of DSDV, DSR, AODV Protocol with IEEE 802.11 MAC for Chain Topology for Mobile Ad-hoc Network using NS-2" IJCA Special Issue on "2nd National Conference- Computing, Communication and Sensor Network" CCSN, 2011

[8]R. Boppana, A.Mathur"Analysis of the Dynamic Source Routing Protocol for Ad Hoc Networks" Workshop on Next Generation Wireless Networks, December 2005

[9] Alem, Y.F.; Zhao Cheng Xuan; , "Preventing black hole attack in mobile ad-hoc networks using Anomaly Detection," Future Computer and Communication (ICFCC), 2010 2nd International Conference on , vol.3, no., pp.V3-672-V3-676, 21-24 May 2010.

[10] S. Dokurer "Simulation of black hole attack in wireless ad-hoc networks," Master thesis, September 2006, Atilim University, Turkey.

Abstract: In today's society, the way in which we physically interact with electronic devices is changing how we focus our technological research. This change has led to many great advances, including the development of new interfaces at multi touch technology. Through the use of these new interfaces, the operator is given an alternative method of how he or she can interact with a device. The new interfaces discussed in this paper include sixth sense technology, sparsh technology.

Keywords- sixth sense technology, Smartphone, multitouch gestures

[1]Nichols, Steven J. Vaughan "New Interfaces at the Touch of a Fingertip" IEEE Society August. 2007: 12-15.

[2] T. Darrell and A. Pentland, "Space-Time Gestures," Proc. IEEE Conf. Computer Vision and Pattern Recogition, pp. 335-340, 1993. [3] V. Pavlovic, R. Sharma, and T. Huang, "Visual Interpretation of Hand Gestures for Human-Computer Interaction: A Review,"IEEE Trans. Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 19, no. 7, pp. 677-695, July 1997.

[4] M. Kolsch and M. Turk, "Fast 2D Hand Tracking with Flocks of Features and Multi-Cue Integration," Proc. IEEE Workshop Real-Time Vision for Human-Computer Interaction, pp. 158-165, 2004.

[5] N. Stefanov, A. Galata, and R. Hubbold, "Real-Time Hand Tracking with Variable-Length Markov Models of Behaviour,"Real Time Vision for Human-Computer Interaction, vol. III, p. 73,2005.

[6] Alon,J.Athitsos,V.Quan," A Unified Framework for Gesture Recognition and Spatiotemporal Gesture Segmentatio", IEEE transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Volume: 31, Issue:9 pp 1685 - 1699 ., Sept. 2009

[7] European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA), Cloud Computing: Benefits, Risks and Recommendations for Information Security, Nov. 2009; www. enisa.europa.eu/act/rm/f iles/del iverables/cloud -computing-risk-assessment/at download/full Report.

Abstract: This paper presents an interactive way to acquire the parametric data of moving application using of GPRS services. The total system is incorporated in the mobile application like car, bus etc. The embedded system is designed with the help of microcontroller and user interface devices. The acquisition of the present parameters of the system/ environment/ vehicle is recorded with the help of different types of sensors and their signal conditioning units. The system is connected to the global internet network by the use of GPRS services and therefore the recorded data can be accessed from any remote locations having the internet access. With the use of different sensors the Wireless Embedded Data Acquisition System (WEDAS) is capable of being used with any type of mobile applications.

Keywords: GPRS Embedded System, Data Acquisition System, Microcontroller, Wireless Network, Internet.

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