IOSR-JHSS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2014

Abstract: Using computer technology as a means of instruction will help teachers to present the information in various ways to enhance learning for every student no matter the learning style of the student. Enhancing learning and appealing to multiple learning styles may encourage students to have a more positive attitude towards the content, and the students may be excited to create their own presentations further in improving their attitude towards the content. Integrating computer technology into the mathematics unit instead of teaching through discussion, lectures, books, and paper and pencil methods is a different approach to mathematics learning which may improve the attitude towards mathematics.

[1] Wenglinsky,H.(1998). Does It Compute? The Relationship Between Educational Technology and Student Achievement in Mathematics. Educational Testing Service, Princeton, NJ, available at:http://ftp.ets.org/pub/res/technology.pdf
[2] Lamberty,K.K. and Kolodner, J.L. (2002). Exploring digital quilt design using manipulatives as a math learning tool, available at : www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/lbd/pdfs/digiquiltlong.pdf.

Abstract:The birth interval is one of the major determinants of high fertility populations. Under cluster sampling scheme, a cross sectional as well as community based study of 1193 eligible women was carried out using a pre-tested and semi-structural interview schedule during May to November, 2012 in the four valley districts of Manipur, a border Indian State with Myanmar to investigate pattern of birth interval components. Cox' regression model [h(t, Z) = ho(t)  (Z)] explores infant mortality, lactation, use of contraceptive devices, son preference and religion are found significant (P<0.01) factors on the dynamics of birth interval components in the present censored data.

[1]. Aguirre, G.P., 1996, The determinants of post Partum amenorrhea: A multi state hazard approach. Centre for Demography and Ecology Working Paper, University of Wisconsin-Madison; 96-03.
[2]. Aryal, T. R., 2006, Retrospective reporting of the duration of post-partum amenorrhea: A survival analysis. Kathmandu University Medical Journal; 4(2): 211-217.
[3]. Awang, H., 2003, Determinant of waiting time to third pregnancy using censored linear regression. Journal of Biosocial Science, 35: 59-70.
[4]. Bongaarts, J. and Potter, R. G., 1983, Fertility, Biology and Behaviour. 1st Edition. New York, Academic Press.
[5]. Clegg, E. J., 2001, Starting, spacing and stopping in the reproductive histories of outer Hebridean families. Journal of Biosocial Sciences; 33: 405-526.
[6]. Cox, D. R., 1972. Regression models and life tables (with discussions). Journal of Royal Statistical Society, Series B; 34: 187-220.
[7]. Dissanyake, L., 2000. The influence of child mortality and breastfeeding on interlive birth intervals in Sri Lanka. Journal of Family Welfare; 46(1): 229-239.

Abstract:This study was conducted to find out the significant difference between high and low need for cognition on life satisfaction of P.G. Students. The sample for the study consisted of 80,40 male and 40 female students studying in the departments of Social Science. The tools that were used are need for cognition developed scale by Cacioppo and Petty (1982) was used to measure the individual tendencies to pursue and enjoy the process of thinking. Satisfaction with life scale developed by Dinner , Emmons, R Larsen and Griffin S. (1985) to assess the Life Satisfaction.

[1]. Cutinho, Saria; Woolery, Lisa M (2004): The Need for Cognition and Life Satisfaction among college students. : College Student Journal June 2004, vol 38 Issue 2, p203-206.
[2]. ED Diener, Robert A. et al (1985) : The Satisfaction with Life Scale; Journal of Personality Assessment vol 49, Issue , 1, published online 10 June 2010.
[3]. Heina, Steven J; Lehman et al (1999): "Is there a Universal need for positive Self-regard?" ; Psychological Review, vol 106 (4) October 1999 page 766-794.
[4]. Nicole B.Ellison, Charles Steinfied, Cliff Lampe (2007): The Benefits of Facebook "Friends ;Social Capital and College Students", Use of Online Social Network Sites.Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, vol 12, Issue, 4, pages 1143-1168, July 2007.
[5]. Pavot, William; Diener ED (1993): Review of the Satisfaction with Life Scale; Psychological Assessment, vol 5 (2), June 1993, pages 164-172.

Abstract:Democracy consists of a set of ideas, principles, practices and procedures which enable the citizens of a given society to govern themselves. It is a system of government in which eligible citizens elect or choose their leaders who enact laws, take decisions and execute programmes and policies for the public good. Democratic and leadership culture is not alien to African societies. Africa has a long tradition of forms or systems of democracy. In traditional Igbo society, a number of democratic institutions, values and norms existed through which the people governed themselves.

[1]. Afigbo, A.E. (1972). The warrant chiefs: Indirect rule in south-eastern Nigeria, 1891-1929. London: Longman.
[2]. Afigbo, A.E. (1981). Ropes of sand: Studies in Igbo history and culture. London: Oxford University Press.
[3]. Afigbo, A.E. (1986). An outline of Igbo history. Owerri: Rada Publishing Company.
[4]. Anozie, F.N. (2002). Archaeology in Igboland: The early prehistory. In G.E.K. Ofomata (Ed). A survey of the Igbo nation. Lagos: Africana Publishers Limited.
[5]. Appadorai, A. (2004). The substance of politics. India: Oxford University Press.
[6]. Basden, G.T. (1966). Niger Ibos. London: Frank Cass & Co. Ltd.
[7]. Chikwendu, V.E. (2002). Archaeology of Igboland: The later prehistory. In G.E.K. Ofomata (Ed). A survey of the Igbo nation. Lagos: Africana Publishers Limited.

Abstract:When an individual confronts any challenging situation – physical, mental or emotional, courage -quality of human strength is revealed.This study relates to the personalexperience about camping in wilderness of Eagle Nest Sanctuary of Arunachala Pradesh in India.Both the nature camps were situated amidst dense forest, with conditions such as no power(electricity), freezing weather and water, long dark hours, no medical facility within reach, and canvas tents.Narrative Analysis has been used as a tool to give meaning to this unique individual experienceof camping in the nature.Themes such as creativity, courage, resilience, happiness, confidence were emerged as a result of narrative inquiry.

[1]. Siegel, R. http://www.sharecare.com/health/personality/what-strengths-courage-positive-psychology. Retrieved on 01/09/2014
[2]. Www.googlemaps.com
[3]. Ranade, S; Ranade, S. (2013): Images
[4]. Heikkinen, H. L. T. (2002). Whatever is narrative research? In R. Huttunen, H. L. T. International Journal of Qualitative Methods 5 (4) December 2006 http://www.ualberta.ca/~ijqm/ retrieved 01/11/14
[5]. Czarniawska, ? (2004) http://www.sagepub.com/upmdata/13421_Chapter4.pdf retrieved on/01/09/14

Abstract: The problem emanating this study stems from unabated production of university graduates without employment, valueless education and economic recession/political upheavals ravaging Africans, much more the mass employment of expatriates into lucrative source of income and job in construction and production who are products of technical and vocational schools from developed countries. In an longitudinal study of craftsmen, survey and semi-structure interview instruments of collected data to answer research questions such as relevance of technical and vocational education to employability of African graduates, justification of technical and vocational education to improve public image and value, career development and increase income per capital among others. The findings from descriptive statistics showed marked differences in values to the society, patronage and higher contribution to economy. Recommendations includes enlargement, improvement of self-employed craftsmen tostandard, loan equipment, scholarships and incentives to students offering technical and vocational education subjects and courses. This paper concluded that technical and vocational education will provide lifelong trade with general academic studies but with much emphasis on doing/production.
Keyword: vocational, technical, education, employment and economy.

[1]. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed.Columbia University Press 2001.
[2]. Domuguihos,P. Carvalho,L.et al(2009).Entrepreneurship, methodologies in Higher Education Economics and Management Department, BusinessSchool, Polytechnic Institute of Setubal.
[3]. Ekpenyong, L.E.(2010).Business Education and Entrepreneurship in Nigeria: The Missing Link. A lead paper presented at the Annual National Conference of Association of Business Educators of Nigeria at the Federal College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, in Ogun State, Nigeria.
[4]. Ekpenyong,L.E.(2007).Vocationalization of Education in Nigeria. A myth or reality.
[5]. Fayolle, Allain (2009).Entrepreneurship education in Europe: Trends and Challenges.OECD Universities, Innovation and Entrepreneurship-Workshop Practice.

Abstract: This paper is highly concerned and mark approachive to present a sharp image of Indian youth and their different psychological reasons to adopt direct or indirect physical and mental unrest and agitation related to society, politics, administration, schools and universities.It is really a matter where the youth are vulnerable to outside influences & imitate others but this does not mean that the youth only follow a way of destruction, assualt andget involved in terroistic activities. Somewhwer the question arises why? Should the youth alone be expected to conform to traditional moral values and lofty ideas? How can they look up to self-proclaimed political, religious and social leaders for inspiration?
Key words: Youth and their present thought, Issues and reforming psychology of youths

[1]. Huffer, Eric. The true beliver, Harper and Row New york- 1951
[2]. Horton, Paul B, and Hunt, Chester L, Sociology 6th Edn McGrawhill international book company Singapore 1984
[3]. Report of the UGC committee on "The problem of student indiscipline in India, UGC Delhi 1960
[4]. Shah, BV sociological bullitian, Bombay march 1968
[5]. Stoufferet al., The American soldier.Adjustment uring army life Vol-1 Princeton university 1959

Abstract: Through this paper the author intends to highlight the struggle of the Indians for freedom before the Independence. People prepared themselves to fight and die for the freedom of the country. They were much more spirited and motivated as they knew that there was an arrival of Gandhiji, who surrendered himself fully for the good cause of the nation.

[1]. Dr. Ramgopal Sharma, Chhattisgarh Ke Raipur Jile Main Swatantra Sangram Andolan, Sain Prakashan, Dhamtari, Raipur, 1994, P.28.
[2]. Dr. Ashok Shukla, Chhattisgarh Ka Rajnitik Itihas Evam Rashtriye Andolan, Yogbodh Prakashan, Raipur, P.98.
[3]. Ibid., P.98.
[4]. Dr. Ramgopal Sharma, and Dr. Taru Tiwari, Chhattisgarh Ka Prashashan Evam Swatantra Sangram Andolan (1854-1947), P.24.
[5]. Dr. Ramgopal Sharma, Dr. Taru Tiwari, Chhattisgarh Ka Prashashan Evam Swatantra Sangram Andolan (1854-1947), P.25.

Abstract: Several newspapers around the world are increasingly attempting to adapt to the stiff competition with other newspapers and with the media industry as a whole. This has pushed them to target both the elite and the mass audiences, a move that has considerably changed their content and tone. To grab a greater share of readers, newspapers are also adopting somewhat controversial techniques of presentation of news that are used by tabloids. These include sensationalism, fabrication, simplification and the bold use of type, colour and imagery. They are also not shying away from glorifying grief and obscenity and have reduced their emphasis on verification.
Keywords: Tabloid, Tabloidization, Sensationalism, Fabrication, Personalization

[1]. Biressi, A. and Nunn, H. (2008) (eds) The Tabloid Culture Reader. England: McGraw-Hill.
[2]. Bird, S. E. (1992) For Enquiring Minds: A Cultural Study of Supermarket Tabloids. Knoxville, TN: University of Tennessee Press.
[3]. Bird, S. E, (2009). 'Tabloidization: What is it, and Does it Really Matter?' pp.40-50 in Barbie Zelizer (eds) The Changing Faces of Journalism: Tabloidization, Technology and Truthiness. Oxon: Routledge.
[4]. Campbell, W. J. (2001) Yellow Journalism: Puncturing the Myths, Defining the Legacies. Westport, CT: Praeger.
[5]. Chauhan, C. (3 November 2007) Delhi Air Heavy with Pesticides, Says Study. Retrieved from www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/newdelhi/delhi-air-heavy-with-pesticides-says-study/article1-255463.aspx

Abstract: Media credibility is known to be situational. When media report and debate major events of national importance, audiences' credibility perceptions about the media are known undergo a change either in the positive or negative direction. Elections to legislative bodies are of great importance to democratic societies. And when the election schedule gets announced, news and debate programmes of television news channels become election- centric. What credibility do the audience attach to these programmes? In an attempt to answer this question, the present study assessed the credibility of news and debate shows telecast by Malayalam news channels before and during election campaigns, and examined whether the credibility of news and debate shows telecast during election campaigns was independent of voters' socio-demographic variables. The results showed that the news and debate shows telecast before the beginning of election campaign had a lower mean credibility as compared to a higher mean credibility during the campaign period. Further, the higher credibility attached to poll news and debate shows telecast during election campaigns was found to be independent of viewers' gender, age, and economic status. But viewer's educational attainment and occupation had a bearing on their credibility assessments. These results unfailingly indicate that media credibility is situational. That news and debate programmes telecast during the election campaign period by Malayalam news channels were perceived to be relatively more credible highlights the importance of such programmes during elections.
Keywords: Credibility perception, Election campaign, Media credibility, Television debates, Television news

[1]. P.F. Lazarsfeld, B. Berelson, & H. Gaudet, The people's choice: How the voter makes up his mind in a presidential campaign (New York: Duell Sloan, 1944).
[2]. S. Kraus, & D. Davis, The effects of mass communication on political behaviour (London: The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1976)
[3]. W. Wanta, and Y.W. Hu, The effects of credibility, reliance and exposure on media agenda setting: A path analysis model, Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 71, (1), 1994, 90 - 98.
[4]. G.J. O‟Keefe, Persuasion: Theory and research (Newbury, CA: Sage, 1990)
[5]. C.C. Bracken, Perceived source credibility of local television news: The Impact of television form and presence, Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 50:4, 2006, 723-741.

Abstract: The playwright does not write his play in emptiness. His write up must be done in a given specific space bearing in mind that theatre is above all a spectacle. A theatre, being a short-lived performance, must by all means be presented before spectators who are watching. As a custom, one needs to study the function of space in a theatre, specifically that of Francophone Africa as well as her significance. That's what leads us to analyze the objectives of space in the play of Amadou Koné titled Le respect des morts (Respect for the dead) Resume : Le dramaturge n'écrit pas sa pièce théâtrale dans le vide. Son écriture doit se situer dans un endroit spécifique quand il écrit sachant que le théâtre est avant tout un spectacle. Le théâtre en tant qu'une performance éphémère doit coûte que coûte se produire devant des spectateurs qui regardent Il est de coutume d'étudier le rôle que joue l'espace dans une pièce théâtrale surtout celle de l'Afrique francophone voire sa signification. C'est ce qui nous amène à analyser les objectifs de l'espace dans la pièce théâtrale d'Amadou Koné intitulée Le respect des morts.

[1]. Omonigho, Stella. « Espace : forme et sens dans le théâtre francophone africain » KASUJOF :
[2]. Kaduna State University Journal of French 1.1 (2010): 181-201.
[3]. Koné, Amadou. Le respect des morts, Paris: Hatier, 1980.
[4]. Ajiboye, Tunde. Olurounbi ou le prix d‟un pari, Ibadan : Bounty Press Limited, 2004.
[5]. Oyono-Mbia, Guillaume. Trois prétendants…. un mari, Yaoundé : Editions Clé, 2009.

Abstract: The purpose of this study is to test the relationship among education, environmental pollution andeconomic growth in Bangladesh. Perhaps this is the first research done using time series data for 37 years from 1974-2010. Vector Error Correction Mechanism (VECM) techniques is applied to establish the long run and short run relationships among the variables in the model. Using Johansen cointegration method, the empirical findings indicate that there exists long run cointegration among the variables. Unit root test were performed to test the statistical properties of the data used in variables. Results show strong positive relationship amongenvironmental pollution, education expenditure and economic growth. The results of this study will help theenvironmental authorities to understand the effects of economic growth for degrading the environmental quality and manage the environmental pollution by creating awareness through education.
Keywords: Environment, Education, VECM, GDP, Bangladesh

[1]. Ahmed, A., Herve, D.B. and Zhao, L., 2012, Emperical Study on Relationship between Environmental Pollution and Economic
Growth of Maldives Using Environmental Kuznets Curve and OLS Method, International Journal of Business and Management, 7,
21, 15-24.
[2]. Alkhathlan, K., Alam, M. Q. and M. Javid, 2012, Carbon Dioxide Emission, Energy Consumption and Economic Growth in Saudi
Arabia: A Multivariate Co integration Analysis, British Journal of Economics, Management and Trade, 2, 4, 327-339.
SCIENCEDOMAIN International, www.sciencedomain.org.
[3]. Bloch, H., Rafiq, S. and Salim, R., 2012, Coal consumption, 2 CO emission and economic growth in China: Empirical evidence
and policy resposes, Energy Economics 34, 518-528, Journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/eneco
[4]. Dickey, D.A., and W.A. Fuller, 1981, Distribution of the estimators for the autoregressive time series with a unit root,
Econometrica, 49, 1057-1072.
[5]. Engle, R.F., and C.W.J. Granger, 1987, Cointegration and error correction-representation, estimation and testing, Econometrica, 55,
251-276.

Abstract: Scholarly books in Malaysia are mainly published by university presses and government's research institutions. It is carried out as a social responsibility to disseminate knowledge from the researches done, mainly by government servant in the university or research institutions. As such, the number of academic books published in a year is relatively small with limited print-of-run. However, compared with her neighbouring countries, Malaysia has a good structure of governance in scholarly books publishing with the formation of Malaysian Scholarly Books Council or MAPIM which unify all university presses into a single body. This article discusses the history and development of scholarly publishing in Malaysia with the focus to the role of MAPIM of the governing body.
Keywords: scholarly publishing; university press; scholarly publishing; books; Southeast Asian publishing

[1]. Anon. 1995. Suku Abad Penerbit UKM (A Quarter Century of UKM Press). Bangi: Penerbit UKM.
[2]. Beda Lim. 1973. Scholarly publishing in Malaysia. Scholarly Publishing 4, 3 (April): 271-78.
[3]. Hamedi Mohd Adnan. 2004. Scholarly publishing in Malaysia: Problems and prospects of the University Malaya Press. In Round Table Meeting of ASEAN Scholarly Publishers, University of Philippines, Manila.
[4]. Hamedi Mohd Adnan. 1996. Publishing and Book Marketing in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur: Universiti Malaya Press.
[5]. Hasrom Harun. 1994. Towards the development of book industry in Malaysia. In Hasrom Harun, ed., MABOPA: Book Publishing and the Role of Publishers. Petaling Jaya: Malaysian Book Publishers Association.