IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-1 ~ Jan-2015

Abstract:This article examines the phenomenon of terrorism in South Asia. As we know that South Asia has a long history of Conflicts, terrorism and trans-boarder ethnicity. The developmental challenges faced by most of countries in South Asia leads to unemployment, Socio-economic marginalization, separatism, ethenic nationalism and religious extremism. The technological threshold is low despite claims of high technology. Over 40 percent of total population are illiterate. There is human rights abuse, unemployment and uncontrolled corruption. These and other factors make for a complicated crisis history marked by an assortment of events, political violence and terrorism. South Asia is the most terror affected area of the world.

[1]. Brig V.P Malhotra, Terrorism and Counter-Terrorism in South Asia and India.(New Delhi: Vij Books India Pvt Ltd, 2001), p-142.
[2]. P. R. Chari,Pervaiz Iqbal Cheema,Stephen P. Cohen, Four crises And A Peace Process: American Engagement In South Asia.(Washington, D.C.: brookings institution press,2007),p-13
[3]. S.D. Muni, Beyond Terrorism: Dimensions Of Political Violence In South Asia, in Anand Kumar Ed, The Terror Challenge In South Asia And Prospect Of Regional Cooperation. (New Delhi: Pentagon Security International,2012), P-19
[4]. Shiva Hari Dhal,Gazdar Haris,Keethaponcalan S.I.and Murthy Padmaja,Internal Conflict and Regional Security in South Asia.(Geneva: United Nations Publications 2003),p-4
[5]. United Nations, South Asia in the world: Problem solving perspectives on security, sustainable development, and good governance, by: Ramesh Thakur and Oddny Wiggen (New York: United Nations press,2004),p-5-6

Abstract:This book is an attempt to discover the conceptual structure of psychoanalysis and relate it to the history of psychoanalysis. It however attempts to do so from the point of view of Sigmund Freud's fantasy of being both a romantic 'conquistador' and ascientific 'thinker.'These two co-ordinates serve then as a form of 'essential tension' in Freud's attempts to formulate the theory and practice of psychoanalysis since, as the founder of the analytic discourse, he had to both discover and deploy psychoanalysis effectively in his attempts to find a place for it in the world. In addition to setting out the main theoretical themes and clinical techniques in psychoanalysis, the book also examines the important role played by Freudian meta-psychology in not only defining the conceptual structure of psychoanalysis, but in situating Freud's status as an important thinker for our times.
Keywords: Conquistador, Essential-Tension, Fantasy,Rationalism, Psychoanalysis, Thinker

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Abstract:The objective of this paper involved an analysis to democracy in Islam. The paper tried to answer the question of how democratic and/or Islamic some countries in the Islamic world are. The paper analysed 59 countries using data from the World Values Survey 2005-2008. It measured several variables such as, Religiosity, Islamic Practices, Political Importance, Family Importance and the GDP. The paper concluded that there was absolutely no evidence to suggest that either Islam is anti-democratic or democratic, it is clearly subjective. Keywords: Democracy, Islam, Religiosity, Family Importance, Political Importance.

[1]. Huntington, Samuel, P. (1993). The Clash of Civilizations. Foreign Affairs, 72(3), 22–49
[2]. Bratton, M. (2003). Briefing: Islam, Democracy and Public Opinion in Africa. African Affairs, 102(408), 493.
[3]. DeSouza, P., Palshikar, S., Yadav, Y., Jama, A. l., Tessler, M., & Lagos, M. (2008). THE DEMOCRACY BAROMETERS. JOURNAL OF DEMOCRACY, 19(1)
[4]. Nassr, S. V. R. (2005). The Rise of" Muslim Democracy". Journal of Democracy, 16(2), 13-27.
[5]. Ayoob, M. (2008). The Many Faces of Political Islam: Religion and Politics in the Muslim World. Middle East Policy. Michigan Univ.
[6]. Mujani, S., & Liddle, R. W. (2009). Muslim Indonesia's Secular Democracy. Asian Survey, , 575-590.

Abstract:Despite the vast amount of work done by many organizations worldwide, particularly in Third World countries like Zimbabwe, the effectiveness of their partnerships in programming is still marginal. The major focus of this study was to evaluate the partnership that exists between International Non Governmental Organizations {INGOs} and their local implementing Partner Non-Governmental Originations in order to establish areas that need improvement and strengthening. This study revealed that some of the partnerships that exist between these agencies are marred by challenges such as funding, implementing strategy, capacity building/training, strategic networking, consultative and joint initiatives.

[1]. Aubrey, L. {1997} Politics of Development Cooperation: NGOs, Gender and Partnership in Kenya. Rout ledge. New York
[2]. Kunaka, C, Mashumba, N. and Matcheza {2002} The SADC Protocol against Corruption- a Regional framework to Combat Corruption. SAHRIT. Harare
[3]. Moyo S. et al {2000} NGOs, the State and Politics in Zimbabwe. SAPES Books. Harare
[4]. Monstashari, A. {2005}An Introduction to Non Governmental Organizations
[5]. Munson Carlton E. {1993} Clinical Social Work. The Haworth Press. New York
[6]. Robbins and Coulter {2007} Management. Pearson Education, Inc. New Jersey

Abstract:The budding social consciousness from corner to corner of the globe has brought a number of issues to the fore among which gender impartiality and empowerment of women are very noteworthy. Discrimination against women in the form of male-female segregation reflects the core of the gender-biased structure. The education is the biggest therapeutic power and the rise in the levels of education which nourishes progressive stance and the beginning of industrialization and modernization have effected a sea change in the attitudes and thinking prototype of the citizens. The empowerment is not fundamentally political single-handedly in fact; political empowerment will not be successful in the deficiency of economic, socio-cultural and environmental empowerment.

[1]. Anantkumar.,(2006), "Self Help Groups, Women's Health and Empowerment: Global thinking and contextual issues", Jharkhand Journal of Development and Management Studies. 4(3), September, pp. 61-79.
[2]. Anita Panda., (2004), "SHG – A Book for Many", the Co-operator, Volume 42, No. 6, pp. 264-66.
[3]. Bakshi,S.,andVarma,R.V.,(2001),"Empowering Women through Self Help Groups: A Case Study", Conference Paper: Kerala Forest Research Institute, Peechi, pp. 238-240.
[4]. Bharat Dogra., (2002), "Women Self Help Groups", Kurukshetra, Volume 50, No. 5, pp. 40-42.
[5]. Chatterjee S.(2014), "Selp-Help Group and Economic Empowerment of Rural Women: A Case Study", IJHSS, Vol 2 Issue 6, pp. 152-157.
[6]. Chiranjeevulu. T., (2003), "Empowering women through Self-Help Groups", Kurukshetra, Volume 51, No. 5, pp.16-19.

Abstract:The increasing rate of juvenile delinquency has become a major social problem globally and locally. Researchers and concerned individuals have traced the preponderance of juvenile delinquency to the increasing rate of family instability among other factors. However, concerted inquiries into the influence of family instability on juvenile delinquency have resulted in a raging controversy. While some researchers have found a significant relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency, others have suggested otherwise. Against this backdrop, this study set out to fill this yawning gap in literature and also to examine the relationship between family instability and juvenile delinquency in Owerri Municipality.

[1]. Alemika, E. & Chukuma, I. (2001). Juvenile justice in Nigeria : Philosophy and practice. Lagos: Centre for Law Enforcement Education
[2]. Alfrey, C. (2010). Juvenile Delinquency and family Structure: Implications for marriage and relationship education. Retrieved April 20th, 2010 from http://www.healthymarriageinfo.org/docs/juveniledelinquency.pdf
[3]. Dogget, A. (2004). Juvenile delinquency and family Structure. Retrieved April 20th, 2011 from http://facstaff.elon.edu/ajoness/Anika‟spaper.htm
[4]. Fouchard, L. (2006). The Making of the Juvenile delinquent in Nigeria and South Africa, 1930-1970. The Journal of African History, 47 (3), 115-137.
[5]. Heck, C. & Walsh, A. (2000). The effects of maltreatment and family structure on minor and serious delinquency. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology, 442(2) 178-195.

Abstract:Leaders have been found to play a pivotal role in running and developing NGOs. This study aims to find out the leader's perceptions about the impact of their leadership on employees performance and development of their NGOs. The study explicitly shows the positive and significant nexus between leader's style and strategy with leadership effectiveness and its sweeping impact on employees' motivation, commitment, employee's satisfaction and well being as well as on enhancement of employees' work performance and organizational productivity through leadership practices including information sharing, problem solving, motivation, performance rewards and role-playing.

Keywords: Leadership practices, Organizational productivity, NGOs.

[1]. Antonakis J, Ashkanasy NM, Dasborough MT. Does leadership need emotional intelligence? Leadership Quarterly 2009; 20(2): 247-261.
[2]. Aryee S, Heng LJ. A note on the applicability of an organizational commitment model. Work and Occupations 1990; 17(2): 229-240.
[3]. Baruch Y. The rise and fall of organizational commitment. Human Systems Management 1998; 17(2): 135-144.
[4]. Bennis W, Townsend R. Reinventing leadership. 1995; New York: William Morrow and Company.
[5]. Bernard MB, Steidlmeiera P. Ethics, character, and authentic transformational leadership behaviour. The Leadership Quarterly 1999; 10(2): 181–217.
[6]. Brière S, Proulx D, Navaro Flores O, Laporte M. Competencies of project managers in international NGOs: Perceptions of practitioners. International Journal of Project Management 2014; In Press, Corrected Proof.

Abstract:This research deals with the gender based code-mixing in mobile phone SMS texting in Pakistani society. It is generally observable fact that code-mixing is used by both males and females while sending messages through their mobile phones. This research has explored the happening of code mixing i.e. mixing of the two varieties or two different languages, which can mark the gender differences in using text messages. In this research paper quantitative method is used to collect and analyze the data. One thousand non-forwarded conversational SMS were collected through random sampling of 25 males and 25 females with an equal quantity of sample from both counter parts. The findings of the study have shown that there are gender based differences in SMS language used in Pakistan on the basis of Code-Mixing in term of frequency, nature and topic & purpose of conversation. The findings are generalized for all males and females citizens of Pakistan. Keywords: Code-Mixing, code-Switching, non-forward SMS.

[1]. Baron, N. (2000). Alphabet to email: how written English evolved and where it‟s heading. London: Routledge.
[2]. Crystal, D. (2001). Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Weinreich, U. (1953). Languages in contact, findings and problems. New York, NY: Linguistic Circle of New York.
[4]. Deumert, A., & Masinyana, S. O. (2008). Mobile language choices: The use of English and isiXhosa in text messages (SMS). English World-Wide, 29, 117-147.
[5]. Redouane, R. (2005). Linguistic Constraints on Codeswitching and Codemixing of Bilingual Moroccan Arabic-French speakers in Canada.
[6]. Bentahila, A. & Davies, E.E. (1983) Language Attitudes among Arabic-French Bilinguals in Morocco. Clevedon:Multiligual Matters.

Abstract:This paper attempts to ascertain the relationship between peer attachment and intention of aggressive behavior amongst school children. There are literatures related to peer attachment quality and its effects on adjustment and development.However, relatively little attention has been paid to the relationship between peer attachments and intention of aggressive behavior. Positive peer attachment, respectively, have been viewed as protective factors, that prevent peers from engaging in intention of aggressive behaviors, like violence, risky sexual behavior, and bullying.. While the negative aspect of peer insecure attachment from the school which is associated with more problematic functioning including higher rates of emotional problems, substance use, aggression and delinquency.

[1]. Bushman, B.I., Huesmann, L.R. (2001). Effects of televised violence on aggression. In Handbook of Children and the Media, ed. DSinger, J Singer,pp. 223-54. Thousand Oaks, CA.
[2]. Werner, N. E., & Crick, N. R. (2004). Maladaptive peer relationships and the development of relational and physical aggression during middle childhood. Social Development, 13, 495−514.
[3]. Murray, C., & Greenberg, M. T. (2006). Examining the importance of social relationships and social contexts in the lives of children with high-incidence disabilities. Journal of Special Education, 39, 220-233.
[4]. Giannakopoulos G, Mihas C, Dimitrakaki C, et al; (2009). Family correlates of adolescents' emotional/behavioural problems: evidence from a Greek school-based sample. ActaPaediatr. 2009 Aug;98(8):1319-23. Epub 2009 Apr 27
[5]. Stadelmann S, Perren S, Groeben M, et al; (2010).Parental separation and children's behavioral/emotional problems: the impact of parental representations and family conflict. Fam Process. 2010 Mar;49(1):92-108.
[6]. Dufton LM, Dunn M.J, Compas B.E; (2009). Anxiety and somatic complaints in children with recurrent abdominal pain and anxiety disorders. J Pediatr Psychol. 2009 Mar;34(2):176-86. Epub 2008 Jun 24.

Abstract:The main purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between teacher attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour among school children. This study involved 426school children using self-administered questionnaire from six government daily secondary schools. The school children were selected using simple random sampling method. Respondents were males (199) and females (227) between 13-17 years old. Teacher attachment was measured using inventory of parentsattachment (IPPA) with respect to teacher attachment and intention of aggressive behaviour. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that there is a significant with negative weak relationship between teacher attachment and school children intention of aggressive behavior(r = -0.126, p < 0.05).Also the result of t-test analysis showed that there is no significant difference between male and female school children in term of intention of aggressive behaviour (t=1.050; p=0.294).Moreover, the relationship indicates that lack of teachers monitoring and cooperation influence student to engage in intention of aggressive behaviour. It is recommended that policy makers and school counselors should give more emphasis on the improvement of good and suitable environment in the school to improvechildren satisfaction in the school environment and thus help improve their ability not to engage in aggressive behaviour.

Keywords: Aggressive Behaviour, Intention,Students, Teacher Attachment.

[1]. DeVoe, F and Chandler, K.(2005) Student Reports of Bullying: Results from the 2001 School Crime Supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey, U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Washington, DC, USA, 2005.
[2]. Moon, B., Hwang, H,W. and McCluskey, J,D. (2011) "Causes of school bullying: empirical test of a general theory of crime, differential association theory, and general strain theory," Crime and Delinquency, vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 849–877.

Abstract:This study aims to draw the attention of individuals, politicians and leaders to the importance of virtuous human values and their role in spreading love harmony and peace in all parts of the world. The most important of these values is altruism that must be instilled when educating generations because it generates good and prevents evils, woes, malevolence as well as calamities. Reliance on international laws, spending huge funds on the organizations that keep peace around the world, neglecting spreading of virtuous human values and failure to maintain them complicates the world's problems and reduces the chances of solving them. When the qualities of altruism, modesty, benevolence, mercy, compassion, tolerance and justice prevail; the inhabitants of the world will enjoy security and peace.

Keywords: Altruism, compassion, benevolence, justice, modesty, mercy, peace, tolerance.

[1] Andreoni, J. 1989. Giving with Impure Altruism: Applications to Charity and Ricardian Equivalence. Journal of Political Economy 97(6), 1447-1458.
[2] Andreoni, J. 1990. Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm- Glow Giving. Economic Journal 100(401), 464-477.
[3] Ballentine, K. & Sherman, J. 2003. The political economy of armed conflict: beyond greed and grievance. Lynne Rienner Publishers.
[4] Elgarrai A.S.E. 2014. Conservation of exhaustible resources for the welfare of Future Generations. IJHSS., 4 (4), 154-159.
[5] Elsheikh; A. S. & Alqurashi A. M. 2013. Disabled Future in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. IOSR-JHSS. 16 (1), 68-71.
[6] Harbaugh, W. T. & Krause, K. 2000. Children's Altruism in Public Good and Dictator Experiments. Economic Inquiry, 38(1), 95-109.

Abstract:The purpose of the study was to investigate the role of head teachers in enforcing quality assurance and standards in secondary schools in Eldoret West Distrct. Based on the findings of the study, this paper specifically examines the role of the head teachers in ensuring quality and standards in secondary schools. The study utilized the descriptive research design. The study targeted head teachers and teachers in both public and private secondary schools in Eldoret West District. To obtain the study sample, the target population was stratified into two categories, i.e. private and public schools. From each stratum, 30 per cent of the total numbers of schools were selected for inclusion in the study.

[1]. Hanko, G. (1990). Special Educational Needs in Ordinary Classrooms: Supporting Teachers (2nd ed.). Oxford: Blackwell.

[2]. Hewton, E. (1988). School Focused Staff Development: Guidelines Policy Makers. Thames and Oxen: Imago Publishing Ltd.

[3]. Maranga, J. (1977). Guidelines for Training Educational Supervisors; Teachers College (Unpublished PhD. Thesis). Columbia University.

[4]. Mbiti, D. (1974). Foundation of Educational Administration. Nairobi: Oxford University Press.

[5]. Okumbe, J. A. (1999). Educational management theory and practice. Nairobi: Nairobi University Press.