IOSR-JHSS   Volume-20 ~ Issue-8 ~ Aug-2015

Abstract: Indonesian government policy fore shall be firmly; serious and sustainable.In the fields of prevention must be intensified with the socialization and promotion against to society from the center to regions and the increasing efforts for rehabilitation of narcotic addict and victims.In the fields of law enforcement through increasing bilateral cooperation particullary ASEAN cooperation, use to handle the illicit trafficking of a triangle gold (a Thailand, Miyanmar and Laos ) and multilateral, revision against law of the narcotics.

1 http://nasional.news.viva.co.id/news/read/580513-43--peredaran-narkoba-asean-ada-di-indonesia, diakses tanggal 1 April 2015, berita ditulis oleh Eko Priliawito dan Fikri Halim berjudul "43% Peredaran Narkoba ASEAN Ada di Indonesia" dipublikasikan tanggal 21 Januari 2015. 2http://nasional.sindonews.com/read/951777/15/peredaran-narkotika-indonesia-tertinggi-di-asean-1421421852, diakses tanggal 1 April 2015, berita ditulis Dian Ramadhani berjudul "Peredaran Narkotika Indonesia Tertinggi di ASEAN" dipublikasikan tanggal 16 Januari 2015. 3

Abstract: The Trans-Atlantic slave trade which lasted for about four hundred years ended nearly 200 years ago. But regular reminders of the trade remain with us both here in Africa and in theAmericas. Captive Africans sold as slaves were gotten mainly from the West Coast of the continent and historians assert that many empires in the then West Coast including the Benin Empire, supposedly built from the reward of the slave trade, equally collapsed after the abolition of the trade during the 19th century. But there are contrary evidences.

[1]. Aisien E. (2001) The Benin City Pilgrimage Stations, Benin City, Nigeria; University of Benin Printing Press.
[2]. Aisien E. (2012) Ewuare: The Oba of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria, Mindex Publishing Co. Limited
[3]. Anderson S. E. (1995) The Black Holocaust for Beginners; New York.Benin Forum (2013) An Unpublished paper.
[4]. Blake J. (1942) European Beginnings in West Africa, London, Vol. 2 Hakluyt Society.
[5]. Burton, R. (1865) My Wanderings in West Africa, Part II Fraser’s Magazine, London and New York.
[6]. Bradbury R. E. (1957) The Benin Kingdom and the Edo Speaking Peoples of South Western Nigerian, London.

Abstract: Given the present trends in energy consumption, the global environment is degrading at a fast pace. All the present day world environmental problems like global warming, ozone depletion, greenhouse effect are the consequences of irrational energy usage.The developing world is at a comparative disadvantage in terms of bearing the adverse environmental effects. The sources of energy that are most prominently being used in these third world nations are scarce non-renewableresources. The unabated use of these resources is in contravention to the concept of sustainable development which aims at balancing the needs of present and future generations. There is an urgent need to develop and expand the new and renewable energy sources in place of non-renewables.

[1]. http://www.afdb.org/fileadmin/uploads/afdb/Documents/Project-and-Operations/RE%20Mali%20exec%20summary%20final.pdf

[2]. http://unep.org/greeneconomy/Portals/88/GETReport/pdf/Chapitre%206%20Renewable%20Energy.pdf

[3]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_policy_of_India

[4]. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy_in_India

[5]. Shankar, Pushkar. , Renewable energy in India: Status and Future Prospects

Abstract: Apple (Maluspumila) is commercially the most important temperate fruit and is the fourth produced in the world after banana, orange and grape. About 70 million tons of apples were grown worldwide in 2013, and China produced almost half of this total. The United States is the second-leading producer with more than 6% of world production. Turkey is the third largest producer, followed by Italy, India and Poland.

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Abstract: Metonymy and metaphor have been largely regarded and studied as figures of speech, tropes, whose main function is linguistic ornamentation, that is, a deliberate linguistic strategy. In this paper, I argue that metonymy and metaphor are ordinary, everyday expressions of thought. The study shows that there is explicit interplay of the mind, language and experience among Dholuo speakers. In other words, they are not just used to enrich spoken or written language.

[1] Greenberg, J. (1966). The languages of Africa. The Hague: Mouton & Co.

[2] Stafford, R.L. (1967). An elementary of Luo grammar with vocabulary. Nairobi: Oxford university press.

[3] Okombo, D. (1986). The functional paradigm and Dholuo constituent order. Cologne: Rudiger Koppe.

[4] Oduol, J.H.A. (1990). Dholuo dialects: Synchronic state and some historical inferences. Unpublished Ph.D. Thesis: University of Nairobi.

[5] Lakoff, G. & Johnson, M. (1980). Metaphors we live by. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

[6] Fillmore, C. (1985). Frame and semantics of understanding. Quaderni di Semantica 6 (2): 222-254

[7] Lakoff, G. (1987). Women, fire and dangerous things. What categories reveal about the mind. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Abstract: This paper contains the concept of Personal Data, the effect of data being misused and the suffering of the individuals due to such misuse in many cases. It focuses on the need for personal data protection laws to be enacted in Bangladesh. Reflections have also been made on the laws prevailing in Bangladesh (such as the Contract Act 1872 and the Information and Communication Technology Act 2006) in respect of personal data privacy and how inefficient they actually are compared to the reality prevailing in the country. For strengthening such a law, eight basic principles have been mentioned for implementation of the rights that are possible to be guaranteed. Then the paper goes on to elaborate about personal data protection laws falling within the range of right to privacy in the context of the Constitution of The People's Republic of Bangladesh..

[1]. M. Zamir, "The collection, sharing and projection of data‟, The Daily Star (Dhaka), 31 May 2008, 2.
[2]. European Commission, Why do we need data protection rules now (25 January 2012) New Data protection rules for the digital age <http://ec.europa.eu/justice/data-protection/minisite/>.
[3]. P Diwan and S Kapoor, Cyber and e-commerce laws, (Bharat Publication, 2nd Ed, 2000) 4.
[4]. Freedom of Speech, The EU Data Protection Directive and the Swedish Personal Data Act (9 June 2000) History <http://people.dsv.su.se/~jpalme/society/eu-data-directive-freedom.html#EU>.
[5]. Northumbria University,History Of Data Protection Legislation <http://lawresearch.northumbria.ac.uk/cirl/sources/dpa/history/?view=Standard>.
[6]. Sharad Vadihera,‟Data Protection and Information Technology Act in India‟ on Global Advertising Lawyers Alliance <http://www.gala-marketlaw.com/joomla4/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=261&Itemid=138>.

Abstract: Discourse is as universal as language itself and language is as weird in character as humans. And just as human nature is complex, so is man's use of language. It is this reason that guides literary writers in their imaginative recreation of life in texts. Different writers write in accordance with the complexities of life that surround their environment physically, psychologically and otherwise. This then requires a critical ability in the way language works to understand the literary writer's creation. One of such writers is Stanley Okonkwo a legal practitioner from Imo State who happens to repackage life as he saw it, in his drama text, "The Mad Prophet".

1]. Bolinger, D. (1990). Language: The Loaded Weapon, London: Longman.
[2]. Celce-Murcia, M. & E. Olshtain. (2000) Discourse And Context in Language Teaching: A Guide for Language Teachers. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
[3]. Fairclough, N. ed. (1992c). Critical Language Awareness. London: Longman
[4]. Fairclough, N. (1992) Discourse and Social Change. Cambridge: Polity
[5]. Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and Power. London: Longman.
[6]. Okonkwo, C.S. (2012) The Mad Prophet. Lagos

Abstract: The National Food Security Act, 2013 (also Right to Food Act) is an Act of Parliament of India which targets to cater subsidized food grains to approximately two thirds of India's 1.2 billion people. It was signed on September 12, 2013, retroactive to July 5, 2013. Under the provisions of the bill, beneficiaries are to be able to purchase 5 kilograms per eligible person per month of cereals.

[1]. Kaushik Basu: The Economics of Food grain Management in India, September 2010
[2]. UNDP, Discussion Paper: Conditional Cash Transfer Schemes for Alleviating Human
[3]. Poverty: Relevance for India, April 2009.
[4]. The State of Food Insecurity in the World 2001, FAO
[5]. International Food Security Assessment, 2011-21, USDA
[6]. Trade Reforms and Food Security, FAO, 2003

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to assess the antenatal care services among urban and rural pregnant women in Bauchi-Northsenatorial district. An ex-post facto research design was used to study 240 subjects drawn from seven local government areas in Bauchi-North senatorial district. The subjects were drawn through stratified random sampling techniques. A close ended questionnaire was used to obtain responses from the subjects. Data collected for this study were analyzed using descriptive statistics of mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics of one- way analysis of variance and Pearson product moment correlation analysis, 0.05 level of significance was used for all tests of significance. Two research questions were asked and two hypotheses were tested at 0.05 level of significance.

[1]. AbouZahr, M. A.(2004). Strategies for reducing maternal complications in in the tropics.International journal of reproductive health, 8(20), 68-88
[2]. Adeyemi, A. A. (2005). Training Manual on Life Saving Skills for Nurse/Midwives. Published by Federal Ministry of Health/WHO
[3]. Admola,M. C., Dosur, C. W. & Joseph, I. O. (2011). Assessment of maternal mortality in in Nigeria. African journal of reproductive health, 4(22), 33-42
[4]. Asika, N. (1991) Research Methodology in Behavioural Sciences. Lagos, Longman Nigeria Plc.
[5]. Attah, B. E. (2000). Human Physiology.A Complete Text for Africa. Ibadan: University Press, Ibadan.
[6]. Begum, F. &Bhryan, A. B. (2009). Antenatal Care Counseling Pamphlet and Emergency Obstetrics Care. Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetric and Gynaecology. 1(1), 56-60.
[7]. Birung, K., Ayut, M. &Suel, B. (2006).Factors Contributing to Maternal Death in Developing Countries.African Journal of Reproductive Health. 12(5) 14-19.

Abstract: Prosperity gospel may be traced to the emergence of modern Pentecostalism which bestrides the world like a colossus; and Africa is one major continent where its influence is pervasive. Pentecostalism's emphasis on material prosperity may account for this. Many countries in Africa struggle under the huge burden of poverty which has made them susceptible to any ideology that could change the unsavory situation. Prosperity gospel promises to bridge the yawning chasm between the rich and the poor, thus creating a semblance of utopian community where all are beneficiaries of the material comforts of life through faith. Both the theology and hermeneutics of prosperity gospel are implicated as a faulty premise for a belief in material prosperity.

[1]. Matthews A. Ojo, "Charismatic Movements in Africa", in Christopher Fyfe and Andrew Walls (eds), Christianity in Africa in the
1990s (Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh Centre of African Studies, 1996), 106; See also Faith K. Lugazia, "Empire‟s Export of Prosperity Theology: Its Impact on Africa," in Karen L. Bloomquist (ed.), Being the Church in the Midst of Empire: Trinitarian Reflections (Minneapolis: Lutheran University Press, 2007), 1: 181-191;
[2]. Paul Gifford, "Ghana's New Christianity: Pentecostalism in a Globalizing African Economy," Nova Religio: The Journal of
Alternative and Emergent Religions, 9, No. 3 (February 2006): 139-141
[3]. World Bank on Extreme Poverty in Nigeria http://www.punchng.com/editorials/world-bank-on-extreme-overty-in-nigeria/ (Accessed March 23, 2015).
[4]. Ibid.
[5]. S. Hunt, "Dramatising the "health and wealth gospel‟: belief and practice of a neo-Pentecostal "faith‟ ministry," Journal of Beliefs and Values, 21(1):73-86.