IOSR-JHSS   Volume-21 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2016

Abstract: The study investigates the challenges of electronic payment system in Gombe state, evidences from the office of the accountant general in Gombe state with a view to provide solutions to the problems so identified, In carrying out the study, four hundred and five (405) staffs of the office of the accountant general of Gombe formed the population with a total of hundred respondents sampled through purposive sampling method and the analysis is principally based on the Primary data collected from the respondents in the study area.......

Keywords: Electronic payment system, Challenges of EPS, office of the accountant general

[1]. Central Bank of Nigeria (2011): The Cashless Nigeria Project.
[2]. Chibueze J(2006): South Africa firm launches anti-money laundering solution in Nigeria", Financial Standard. 7(1): 15.
[3]. Clive , A (2007): Electronic payment System, Electronic money and the Internet: The United Kingdom Experience to Date retrieved from www.susx.ac.uk/spru.
[4]. CPSS (2006) : General Guidance for National Payment System Development. Switzerland: Bank for International Settlement.
[5]. D. Agba, (2010): Implications and challenges of E-payment System. Retrieved from http/www.itnewafrica. com.[Accessed on 20th November, 2010]

Abstract: The different dimensions of learner autonomy demand the attention of the researchers equally for managing the learning technically, psychologically and contextually. At the outset of the paper, the attempt is made to reason out the need for the review on the studies on learner autonomy and to define the various dimensions of autonomy in the context of language learning. The rest of the paper analyses the articles which are published in International journals for tracing the emphasis given to the aspects of autonomous learning in the study conducted by the researchers to identify the direction of the studies.

Keywords: Dimensions of autonomous learning, direction of the studies, e Learning, learning strategy, self-regulated learning

[1]. Phil Benson, Teaching and Researching Autonomy (London, GB :Routledge Taylor &Francis, 2011).
[2]. Saeed Ganji Khoosfa, and Mahmood Khosravanib, Introducing Email Portfolio as a Means of Developing EFL Learner‟s Autonomy, Elsevier, 98, 2014, 504-512.
[3]. Idée Edalati Shams, Hybrid learning and Iranian EFL learners' autonomy in vocabulary learning, Elsevier, 93,2013,1587-1592.
[4]. Normah Ismail, and Masdinah Alauyah Md.Yusof, Using Language Learning Contracts as a Strategy to Promote Learner Autonomy among ESL Learners, Elsevier, 66 ,2012, 472-480.

Abstract: The US meddling abroad can take the shape of a direct military invasion such as in Grenada in October 1983. The Reagan Administration and its supporters regarded operation Urgent Fury with much satisfaction. For them, the invasion was an ideal example of a successful use of US military power. Reagan went, then, to Grenada to rescue US students, to end the Soviet-Cuban involvement, and to restore order and democracy. Accordingly, the invasion was valuable for the US strategic interests as well as for the Grenadians themselves...........

Keywords: American Foreign Policy / Latin America / Grenada / Operation Urgent Fury

[1]. Blum, William.Killing Hope. Monroe: Common Courage Press, 1995.
[2]. Burrows,Reynold.Revolution and Rescue in Grenada. New York: Greenwood Press, 1988.
[3]. Carothers, Thomas.In the Name of Democracy. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992.
[4]. Dickey,Christopher. "Central America: From Quagmire to Gauldron?", Foreign Affairs America and the World, 1983.
[5]. Hilaire, Max.International Law and the US Military Intervention. The Hague: Kluwer Law International, 1997.

Abstract: The over-simplified image of a US press that assumes the role of a "fourth estate" seems to be part of a well-orchestrated image that the Americans want to give of themselves abroad. The power that the press would hold (power to watch, criticize, control and denounce) would be part of the US democratic system. It is perceived as an efficient counterweight against the rise of any of the other three powers. The so-called absolute freedom of the US media would be, as such, the proof that the country enjoys a healthy democracy.......

Keywords: Media and Foreign Policy / Grenada / Operation Urgent Fury

[1]. Cook,Mark and Cohen, Jeff. "How Television Sold the Panama Invasion", Extra, January 1990. [2]. Daghrir, Wassim.The Media and Foreign Policy. Saarbrucken, Germany: Scholars‟ Press, 2015.
[3]. Dunn,Peter andWatson, Bruce.American Intervention in Grenada. Boulder: Westview, 1985.
[4]. William Farrell, "US Allows Reporters to Go to Grenada for Day", The New York Times, October 28, 1983.
[5]. Ray,Ellen andSchaap, Bill "US Crashes Caribbean Jewel", CovertAction, Summer 1989.

Abstract: This research work is aimed at elaborating and pin-pointing the duties of a Hisbah Command vis-à-vis the analysis to show whether they have the power to institute criminal proceedings in Bauchi State Shariáh Courts. In 2001, Shariáh was introduced in Bauchi State of Nigeria that led to the establishment of Hisbah Command. However, before the introduction of the Shariáh, the courts in Bauchi state were guided by the Doctrines of common law of England, the constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria and other sources of law applicable in the country.......

[1]. Abdullahi, Y.A. (1977). The Holy Qurán English Translation and Commentary New York.
[2]. Abdul, M.A., (1100 CE). AL-Risalah Fi QadhaWal-Hisbah
[3]. Bauchi State Sharia Commission, (2002). Guidelines on the formation of Hisbah Committeees Bauchi, Information Unity Press.
[4]. Bauchi State Shariah Criminal Procedure Code (2001).
[5]. Federal Republic of Nigeria (1999). Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.

Abstract: Obesity has become one of the most prevalent topics of interest in the United States due to the increasing number of overweight and obese children and adults in the past few decades. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (2015), these numbers have been on the rise (e.g., Alabama's obese population is at 33%), with some states reaching beyond 35% of the population in the obese category........

Key word: Mass media, children, adolescents, advertising, overweight, obesity, digital media

[1]. Adachi-Mejia, A. M., Longacre, M. R., Gibson, J. J., Beach, M. L., Titus-Ernstoff, L. T. & Dalton, M. A. (2007). Children with a TV in their bedroom at higher risk for being overweight. International Journal of Obesity, 31, 644-651.
[2]. American Psychological Association. (2016). The impact of food advertising on childhood obesity. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/topics/kids-media/food.aspx

[3]. Bernadac, M., Ghori, A., Cannenterre, J., Mou, N., & Moul, S. (May, 2012). Children's obesity in the United States and the actions of the media. In AFASES 2012 Scientific Research and Education in the Airforce (pp. 21-28). Brasov, Romania: International Conference of Scientific Paper.
[4]. Best, P., Manktelow, R., & Taylor, B. (2014). Online communication, social media and adolescent well-being: A systematic review. Children and Youth Services Review, 41, 27-36.

Abstract: There are two perceptions about the teachings reflected in the inscriptions of King Asoka. One of them is that He propagated ideology of Buddhism and other that He was teaching the 'Laws of Piety' to his subjects. The edicts always spoke about 'Dhamma' and the meaning of the word 'Dhamma' was purely indigenous. 'Dhamma' stands for the meaning of duty........

Keywords: Dhamma, Laws of Piety, Religion, Sanghas, Society.

[1]. The date of Kalinga war is 260 B.C. and IIIrd Buddhist council is 250 B.C. see R.Thapar's A History of India, Vol-I, New Delhi, 1990 reprint, p:72,73.
[2]. A.L. Basham: Asoka and Buddhism- A Reexamination, 'Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies', Vol.-5, 1982, p: 133.
[3]. Romilla Thapar: Asokan India and the Gupta Age, 'A Cultural History of India' ed. By A.L. Basham, Oxford, 1992, p:42, f.n.-7; also R.K.Mukerji: Asoka,Delhi, 1972 reprint, p:173, Asoka has explained the meaning of Dhamma in P.E.-II.
[4]. Romilla Thapar: Asoka Aur Maurya Samrajya Ka Patan, Translated by D.R. Chaudhari, Rajeshprabha Yadav and Adityanarayan Singh, New Delhi, 1999 reprint, p:17, note -15.

Abstract: The path of development adopted by the Indian State is fundamentally capitalist in nature which generates severe regional disparities including Assam. Assam continues to remain an agriculturally and industrially backward state in spite of having rich resources. It led to the growing awareness among the Assamese people of being subjected to gross economic exploitation on a scale comparable to, and even sometimes worse than in the pre-independence days........

Key terms: Centre-state relations, Regional disparities, financial relations, Assam, underdevelopment

[1]. Baruah, Sanjib (2010). India Against Itself: Assam and the Politics of Nationality. (5th Edition). New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
[2]. Bhaumik, Subir (2009). Troubled Periphery: Crisis of India's North East, New Delhi: Sage.
[3]. Borgohain, Homen (2012). Aoupanibeshik Soshanar Viroddhe Asomor Sesh Sangram, 2nd Edition, Guwahati: Vintage Books
[4]. Economic Survey, Assam, 2011-12. Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Assam.
[5]. Gohain, H. & Bora, D. (Ed.). (2007). Asom Andolon: Pratisruti Aru Falasruti, 2nd Edition, Guwahati: Banalata.

Abstract: The Calcutta Tramways Company was a British-owned concern registered in London. Even, after the transfer of power in 1947, British ownership sustained. After Partition of India in August 1947, the tram company was more held with the idea of raising the fare. But this time people from all corners of life threatened not to pay the enhanced fares and to boycott trams. On June 25, 1953 the company announced its decision to increase second class fares from the July 1, 1953. The decision was supported by the then Government of West Bengal............

[1]Guha Roy Siddhartha: Fare Hike and Urban Protest; Calcutta Crowd in 1953, Economic and Political Weekly, December 29, 1990

[2] . I bid

[3] . Dasgupta Hiren and Adhikary Harinarayan: Rajnaitik Poto Bhumite Bharatiya Upamahadesher Chhatra Andolan(In Bengali), School for People, Medinipore, 1993 and Radical Impression, Kolkata, 2008, pp. 172-177

[4] . Ananda Bazar Patrika, Dated. 28.06.1953

[5] . Guha Roy Siddhartha: I bid.

Abstract: In Indian political system, coalition politics is a matter of fact. In contemporary India various regional political parties have become an important part of politics in state as well as centre and the growth of separatist movements being threatening for the unity of the nation. So, the centre state relations have been gotten new dimension and importance. The close Nexus and dialectical relationship between structures and processes that lead to significant variations in the functioning of political structure and institution.........

Key words: Federalism, Democracy, Government, Decentralisation, Sovereignty, Factionalism, Authoritarianism.

[1]. Granville, Austin. The Indian Constitution, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966, pp. 187.
[2]. Ghorpade, M.Y.: A question of relationship, Seminar, February 1967, No. 90, p. 18.
[3]. Ibid.
[4]. Riker, William H. "Federalism: Origin, Operation, Significance" in American Federalism in Perspective, edited by A. Wildavsky, Little Brown and Co., 1967 p. 59.
[5]. Ibid.

Abstract: All Praises be to Allah, the beneficient the merciful who send down His last Prophet as a mercy upon mankind. This paper has shown the different views of various Islamic scholars on whether the evidence of a person who is not of age, or who does not attain the age of maturity can be accepted and accordingly acts upon by the Sharia Courts. It touches on the situation that warrants the acceptability of the infant's testimony and the conditions to be observed by the Sharia Courts while accepting their evidence. The views however are centred towards allowing or disallowing infants from giving evidence in the Sharia courts. Assabiyyu, the singular of Assibyan meaning (Infant). A child in his early period or his childhood. This is found in MisbahulMunir page 354.

[1]. Abubakar BnAsim, A. (1996): "JagorarMasuHukunci, Tarjamar TuhfatulHukkum."Hudahuda Publishing Co. Ltd. P.O. Box 984 Zaria – Nigeria.
[2]. Ibn Qayyim, A. (2002): "Atturuqul – Hukmiyyah Fi SiyasatishSharíyyah" Al Maktabul – Islamiyya, Beirut –Lebanon.
[3]. Jamal, R. (2001): "TabsiratulAhkam, Fi UsulilAgdhihiyya WaManalujilAhkam" Dar-al-kutub AL-Ilmiyyah, Beirut – Lebanon.
[4]. Muhammad, Z. (1994): "Wasaídulithbat Fi Shariátil islamiyya"MaktabuDarul-bayan, Beirut – Lebanon.
[5]. Said BnDaarwish, A. (2002): "TaraíqulHukum, Ala-muttafaqu AlaihaWal-Mukhtalifufiha, Fi Shariátil Islamiyya" Makkatul – Mukarramah.