IOSR-JHSS   Volume-22 ~ Issue-4 ~ April-2017

Abstract: In this era of globalisation, Indian women are playing a magnificent role in the progress of their country and trying to increase and raise the real per capita income. In rural areas, women are helping in agricultural work with the male family members. They are not earning money in that time but they are saving money.

[1] A report of 2nd OECD conference of Ministers responsible for small-medium sized enterprises (SMEs) on the topic of Women's Entrepreneurship: Issues and Policies, Turkey, 3-5 June 2004.
[2] Adler, P.S. and S.W. Kwon. 2002. Social Capital: Prospects for a new concept. Academy of Management Review. 27 (X): 17-40.
[3] Aldrich, H. and C. Zimmer. 1986. Entrepreneurship through social networks in D.L. Sexten and R.W. Smilor (Eds) The Art and Science of Entrepreneurship: 3 -24. Cambridge, Massachusetts. Ballinger Publishing Company and R.S. Burt, 2000. 'The network entrepreneuers in R. Swedberg (Ed.) Entrepreneurship: the social sciences view, 281-307, Oxford : England : Oxford University Press and M. Granovetter, 1985, Economic action and social structure : The problem of embededness. American Journal of Sociology, 9 (3) : 481-510 and M.S. Gransovetter, 1973, The strength of the weak ties, American journal of Sociology, 78 (6) 1360-1380.
[4] Bajpai A.D.N, Mishra S.K.(2007). Women Empowerment And Reproductive Behaviour. New Delhi: Classical Publishing Company. Page No. 138.

Abstract: The management and responsibilities of state finance occupies important position of the state and nation. The amount of irregularities in the State financial is also evidenced by the results of auditing the State finances by the State Audit Board. The type of this research is a normative-empirical because this study is focused on the instrument of legislation related to State finances. The research is located in Jakarta, in the Office of the House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia, the Office of the Ministry of State Finance, and the Office of the Finance Audit Board of the Republic of Indonesia...............

Keywords:- Checks and Balances, Good Governance; Parliament, State Finances

[1] Arend Lipjhart, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty Six Countries, Yale University Press, New Haven and London, 1999, Page. 118
[2] Ariel Heryanto and Summit K Mandal, Menggugat Otorgerisme di Asia Tenggara, Kepustakaan Populer Gramedia (KPG), Jakarta, 2004, Page. 50-56 [3] Asmara, G. (2015). Penguatan Kelembagaan MPR dalam Sistem Ketatanegaran Negara Republik Indonesia. Hasanuddin Law Review, 1(3), 357-370. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v1n3.115
[4] BPK Report: http://www.bpk.go.id/assets/files/ihps/2014/II/ihps_ii_2014_1428982182.pdf downloaded on Wednesday 1 February 2016 at 15.30.
[5] Denny J.A, Democratization From Below: Protest Events and Regime Change in Indonesia 1997-1998, Pustaka Sinar Harapan, Jakarta, 2006, Page. 27

Abstract: Media have always played a vital role in positioning of a story since its origin. The coverage of a news item and its positioning in the newspaper will decide the significance of the story. If a newspaper gives more importance to a news item, then there will be an agenda behind it. These agenda will make readers to think the particular story as a crucial one at the time. The study examines the newspaper coverage of JNU issue of two national dailies. The researchers try to examine the coverage of the news by analysing its position in the newspapers..............

KEY WORDS: JNU controversy, newspaper coverage, positioning, agenda setting, framing, The Hindu, The Times of India

[1] A.Scheufele, D. (2009). Agenda setting, priming and Framing Revisited: Another look at Cognitive Effects of Political Communication. Mass Communication and Society, 1-21.
[2] An Analysis of Framing in British New media Representations of China and the Chinese. (2010). Creative Commons, 1-362.
[3] Benjamin, D. (2007). Framebyte Episodic VS Thematic stories. A Frameworks Institute , 1-3.
[4] Das, R. (2012). Representation of Violence against women in Indian Print media: A comparative Analysis. Global Media Journal, 1-24.
[5] Emma Waterson, S. W. (2013). Framing theory: towards a critical Imagination in Heritage studies. International Journal of Heeritage studies, 1-17.

Abstract: World becomes more digitally sophisticated with the present technological environment. Being a part of e-world, we depend upon internet for various purposes. Earlier, internet was used for research and communication purposes alone. Today, it got extension into the fields like e-business, e-commerce and e- governance. The increased reliance on cyber space has paved way for a rapid growth in cyber-crimes. As the cyber-crime rate is on the rise, the need for cyber laws and its applications gather great momentum. Considering the case of India, Information Technology Act introduced in 2000 in order to deal with issues related to cyber space.............

Keywords:- Cyber space, Cyber-crime, Cyber attacks, Cyber law, Information Technology Act, 2000, Awareness, Youth

[1] E.Balagurusamy. (2008). Computing Fundamentals and C Programming. New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing Company Limited.
[2] Jones, S. (1995). Cyber Society: Computer Mediated Communication and Community. California: SAGE publication.
[3] Krishna Kumar, S.R.Sharma. (2002). Cyber Laws Intellectual Property and E-Commerce Security. New Delhi: Dominant Publishers and Distributors.
[4] Lim, Y. F. (2002). Cyberspace Law: Commentaries and Materials. New York: Oxford University Press.
[5] Narayan, A. (2000). Internet Marketing E-Commerce and Cyber Laws. New Delhi: Authors Press.

Abstract: Since the very outset of their formation, politics has always been crucial and conflict ridden between India and Pakistan. In the long seven decades of political history of India and Pakistan, there has been countless diplomatic strategies including both military and non-military confidence building measures to re-install faith and peace between India and Pakistan. Focusing on the multifarious non-military confidence building measures introduced by the first A.B Vajpayee Central Ministry of India, this paper goes on to argue that the tenure of A.B Vajpayee ministry (1998-2004) was the golden years that witnessed the full-fledged activity of the diplomatic mechanism between India and Pakistan...........

Key words :- A.B Vajpayee, diplomacy, India, Non-military Confidence Building Measures, Pakistan.

[1] United Nation Centre for Disarmament Report of the secretary General, Comprehensive Study on Confidence-building Measure, Department of Political Science and Security Council Affairs, 1996.pp, 120.
[2] Mohammed Badrul Alam, In Pursuit of Peace: A Micro Study of Confidence-Building Measures between India and Pakistan, Indian Journal of Asian Affairs, 23(1/2), 2010, 41-60.
[3] Satpal, India –Pakistan Peace Process: An Analysis, Golden Research Thoughts International Multidisciplinary Research Journal. Vol. 4 (3),2014, 1-7.
[4] Sumita Kumar, Indo‐Pak bus diplomacy, Strategic Analysis, 23(1), 1999, 167-170.
[5] Amjad Abbas Maggsi, Lahore Declaration February 1999 A Major Initiative for Peace in South Asia, Pakistan Vision, 14(1), nd,pp.183-201

Abstract: The issue of lack of fair hearing, unlawful dismissal of an employee and careless infringement on the fundamental rights of workers by the employers has become a serious disturbing issue. However, the institution of the Ombudsman in Nigeria which could be traced back to the 1974 Udorji Reform which recommended for its establishment in Nigeria was primarily to address that issue. This study therefore, examined the Ombudsman from 2010-2015, with the view to ascertaining how the Ombudsman has helped in ensuring the fundamental human rights of workers; whether or not, the undue government's interference impedes the performance of the Ombudsman especially in Anambra State. To achieve that objective, two research questions and hypotheses were raised.............

[1] Adamolekun, L. (2006). Politics, Bureaucracy and development in Africa, Ibadan: SpectrumBooks Ltd
[2] Ademolekun, L. and Ogunkule, E. L, (1985), Nigeria's Ombudsman system: Five years of the Public Complaints, Ibadan: Heineman
[3] Abdulahi, M. (1985), The Ombudsman and the Nigerian masses, Kano: Bond Publishing Company.
[4] Almond, G. A; Powell, G. B; Strom, K; and Dalton, R.J (eds) (2000) Comparative Politics Today – A World View. Seventh Edition. Singapore: Pearson Education.
[5] Ayo. A and Anthony O. (2011).An assessment of the cases of Ombudsman as a tool for Accountability in Nigeria.Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa 13(4):61-71.

Abstract: A lifetime's work in applied marine ecology convinced me that trying to conserve wild populations by 'Scientific Resource Management' is often unsuccessful. Rather than a technical deficiency, this seems to stem from modern society's lack of an ethical context for conserving 'Mother Nature'. A higher priority is placed on the economic value of a resource than preserving its role in the ecosystem. This deficiency didn't apply to the ancient belief system of Animism, which saw Mother Nature as 'The Great Spirit' and the landscape and its ecosystem as Her expression................

[1] Aresu, M. (1995) Uomoterra: testimonianza di Energia ritrovata. Ago e Filo (Palau, Sardinia).
[2] Auletta, G. (2004). Lazio Virgiliano. Data Ufficio Editore.
[3] Breasted, J. H. (1964). A History of Egypt (1905). 1964 Edition; Bantam Books, New York.
[4] Bruce, R. (1999). Astral dynamics: A new approach to Out-Of-Body Experience. Hampton Roads Publishing Company.
[5] Caddy, J.F. (2007). A Return to Subjectivity. Trafford Press.
[6] Caddy, J.F. (2007). Shamanic Archaeology. Paranormal Magazine. Oct 2006.

Abstract: The purpose of the research is to study the relationships of achievement motivation and self-concept on the effectiveness of teacher's classroom management at StateJunior High School (MTsN) 2 Medan in Indonesia with 36 respondents selected randomly. The research used a survey method with correlation techniques. The research data was collected using questionnaires. All data were analyzed using statistical techniques of regression and simple correlation and plural. The results of the research indicate that there are positive correlations between (1) achievement motivation and the effectiveness of teacher's classroom management; (2) self-concept and the effectiveness of teacher's classroom management. Furthermore, there is a positive correlation between achievement motivation and self-concept with the effectiveness of teacher's classroom management.

[1] Achsin, Amir. 1990. Pengelolaankelasdaninteraksibelajar –Mengajar, Ujung Pandang: IKIP Ujung Pandang.
[2] Arikunto, Suharsimi. 1990. Manajemenpenelitian, Jakarta: Rinekacipta.
[3] Berg, R. C.1990. Motivation Theories And Principles, New Jersey: Prentice Hall Englewood Cliffs.
[4] Bloom, B. S. 1976. Human Characteristics And School Learning. New York: Mcgraw-Hill.
[5] Burns, R.B. 1984. The Self-Concept: Theory, Measurement, Development And

Abstract: 'Transnational actors' are increasingly becoming important development partners almost everywhere in the contemporary world. Yet, due attention is not given to what this development mean in general and how these actors function at grass root level; especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. This study explores the role of INGOs in local development processes in Ethiopia focusing on the experience of World Vision in Lalo Assabi and Nejo Woredas of Oromia regional state. In doing so, the study follows qualitative research approach and is based on both primary and secondary data. The overall finding of the work is that World Vision's conception of development is based on both altruism and strategic considerations including its recent 'integrated development approach'............

Key words :- Transnational actors, Local development, Partnership

[1] Ataman, M. (2003).The Impact of Non-State Actors on World Politics: A Challenge to Nation-States.Alternatives: Turkish Journal of International Relations, Vol.2, No.1, 42-66.
[2] Bell, P. (2010).The Role of Global NGOs in World Politics: The Case of Relief and Development Organizations. Centre for International Policy Studies: University of Ottawa.
[3] Campbell, W. (1996).The potential for donor mediation in NGO-State relations: AnEthiopian case study. IDS/IDR.
[4] Clark, J. (2006). Worlds Apart: Civil Society and the battle for ethical Globalization.First South Asian Edition. Earth Scan publications: London.
[5] De Waal, A. (1997). Famine crimes: Politics and the Disaster Relief Industry in Africa. London: James Carrey.

Abstract: Islam as a responsive religion to all changes and circumstances, it is proper to evaluate its traditional da'wah. Traditional da'wah is a preaching with the use of oral media (dakwah bil lisan). But it should be able to develop the means of da'wah in the wide area (not just sermons or lectures) but must be able to penetrate the cyber world in order to sow the seeds of Islam. Da'wah using internet is often called the e-da'wah or electronic da'wah, where through electronic media in this case internet, da'wah is hoped to be more developed and more distinctive color, especially for the internet users. preachers should be able to choose another strategy that is by preaching through............

Key words :- Al Quran; da'wah; social media; negative and positive impact

[1] Agama, Kementerian, Alquran & Tafsirnya, Jilid I-X, Jakarta: Lentera Abadi, 2010. [2] Ahmad, Fadil Ibnu. Dakwah Online, Bandung: Mizania, 2014.
[3] Antonio, Muhammad Syafii, Ensiklopedia Leadership & Manajemen Muhammad SAW "The Super Leader Super Manager"; Manajemen Dakwah. Jakarta: Tazkia Publishing, 2010
[4] Anshari, Saifudin, Pokok-pokok Pikiran tentang Islam, Bandung: Pustaka Pelajar, 1969.
[5] Amin, M. Masyhur, Dakwah Islam dan Pesan Moral, Jakarta: Al amin Press, 1997.

Abstract: Until recently, academia has largely neglected the vitality and tragedy that urbanization has been potentially posed in the peri-urban areas. Several studies indicated that urbanization causes both vitalities and tragedies in the area where the process is taking place. However, the vitalities and tragedies of peri-urban socio-cultural patterns, that induced owing to urbanization process, are largely missing. The empirical studies indicated that urbanization process cause upsides and downsides not only within urban perse but also on the its peripheries. This study dedicates to study the vitality and tragedy of urbanization on the farming community surrounding Finfinne with particular emphasis on socio-cultural patterns. The paper employs both quantitative and qualitative research method.............

Key words :- Peri-urbanization, Vitalities and tragedies, socio-cultural patterns, farming community

[1] Achamyeleh Gashu. 2014. Land Tenure in the Changing Peri-Urban Areas of Ethiopia. The Case of Bahir Dar City, International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, Article first published online. 11 APR 2014, DOI: 10.1111/1468-2427.12123. www.ijurr.org.accessed on semptember 25,2015.
[2] Adu Ampong, E., F. 2008. Socio-economic Transitions. Changing Livelihoods in the Periurban Interface: A case study in Peri-urban interface of Kumasi, A draft Report.
[3] Alaci, D.S.A. 2010. Regulating Urbanization in Sub-Saharan Africa through Cluster Settlements. Lessons for Urban Mangers in Ethiopia. Theoretical and Empirical Researches in Urban management 5(14).
[4] Anonymous. n.d. Political economy and urbanization. The case of capitalism system.
[5] Bhatta, B. 2010. Analysis of Urban Growth and Sprawl from Remote Sensing Data. Advances in Geographic Information Science, DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-05299-6_2, C Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.

Abstract: The issue of solid waste management (SWM) has persisted in most developing countries, like Nigeria. Despite several attempts at local levels to address this, its existence and effects keep on rising in Kano metropolis. This study explores one of the bases in setting priorities for services improvement to choose from among lists of service attributes in choice experiment survey perhaps to minimize the issue of attribute non-attendance. It warrants researchers to know how importance each service attribute is, for the most suitable perceived attributes relative importance. A technique for determining the relative importance of various service attributes to SWM was examined. A Sample of 230 households was determined using Krejcie and Morgan, and questionnaire survey approach was adopted............

Key words :- Attribute Non-Attendance, Attribute Relative Importance Index, Choice Experiment, Solid Waste Management.

[1] Hoornweg, D., and Bhada-Tata, P,What a waste: a global review of solid waste management, Available at https//openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/17388. Accessed on 25th December, 2015.
[2] Nabegu, A. B., and Wudil, P, An assessment of Refuse Management and Sanitation Board (REMASAB) Solid waste management in Kano metropolis, Techno–Science Africana Journal, 1, 2008, 101-108.
[3] Nabegu, A. B, An analysis of municipal solid waste in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Journal of Human Ecology, 31(2), 2010, 111-119.
[4] Medina, M, Globalization, development, and municipal solid waste management in third world cities. Institute of Advance Studies, Mexico, 2002, 1-23.
[5] Aliu, I. R., Adeyemi, O. E., and Adebayo, A, Municipal household solid waste collection strategies in an African megacity: analysis of public private partnership performance in Lagos. Waste Management & Research, 32(9), 2014, 67-78.

Abstract: This article has penetrated the constraints derived from beliefs of teachers, and how they drive Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) not to be implemented properly in Bangladesh. Numerous studies conducted earlier investigated and revealed the issues affecting the successful implementation of CLT. This article exclusively investigates on the beliefs held by teachers and sources of those beliefs with its wider exploration. Examining such phenomenon in other EFL contexts, this study intends to find out the similarities of problem in terms of belief and sort out strategies adapted there to reshape beliefs of the teachers. Besides, this article also uncovers.............

Key words :- ELT, EFL, CLT, Teacher, Beliefs

[1] Abedin, M. M., Majlish, S. H. K., & Akter, S. (2010). Listening skill at tertiary level: A reflection. Dhaka University Journal of Linguistics, 2(3), 69-90.
[2] Abedin, M. M. (2013). The present mode of teaching in the ELT classes at the Higher Secondary level in Bangladesh: Is it the practice of CLT or disguised GTM?. Stamford Journal of English, 7, 1-15.
[3] Ahmed, M. K. (2016). Communicative Language Teaching: A Practical Scenario in the Context of Bangladesh. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 7(5), 97-104.