iosr-JMCE   Volume-11 ~ Issue-4 ~ July-Aug 2014

Abstract: Wind Energy is a renewable form of energy available to us humans in abundance. Having many conventional wind energy harnessing techniques available, we could not fight with the problems associated with the death of birds and humans, and the land area required to set up these harnessing plants, therefore a solution was found with airborne wind energy which overcame the problems associated with the conventional methods and produced more power as well.

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Abstract: Resources are required to carry out specific tasks in a project, but the availability of resources within a given firm is always limited. While preparing the schedule structure, the Project Manager might schedule certain tasks in parallel. In such cases it might be possible that the same resource is being used in both the parallel tasks, while its availability is limited. This paper emphasises how the Project Manager could resolve such conflicts by using Resource levelling in modern softwares such as Microsoft Project and Oracle Primavera. Resource levelling as defined by PMBOK is a "technique in which start and finish dates are adjusted based on resource constraints with the goal of balancing demand for resources with the available supply." It basically refers to solving over-allocation of resources for the given project.

[1]. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide). (2013). PMI.
[2]. Herroelen, W., De, R. B., & Demeulemeeter, E. (1998). "Resource-constrained project scheduling: A survey of recent developments".
[3]. Kastor, A., & Sirakoulis, K. "The effectiveness of resource levelling tools for Resource Constraint Project Scheduling Problem".
[4]. Kennemer, B. (2003, January 7). "Deciding when to use resource leveling in Microsoft Project". Retrieved July 3, 2015, from TechRepublic: http://www.techrepublic.com/article/deciding-when-to-use-resource-leveling-in-microsoft-project/
[5]. Maroto, C., Tormos, P., & Lova, A. (1998). "The evolution of software quality in project scheduling". (W. J, Ed.) Project scheduling - recent models, algorithms and applications .
[6]. Steiness, K. (2014, August 26). "Resource Leveling Best Practices". Retrieved July 3, 2015, from MPUG: http://www.mpug.com/articles/resource-leveling-best-practices/

Abstract: Nanofluid, a new concept in nanotechnology has already got the attention of the research communities due to its unique property such as thermal conductivity. Therefore, the reliability and performance of a domestic refrigerator using nanorefrigerant is experimentally investigated in the present study. Experiments are performed using PAG (Polyalkylne Glycol) oil with Al2O3 nanoparticles to analyse the performance characteristics of a domestic refrigerator using refrigerant HFC134a (tetrafluoroethane).

[1]. R. Krishna Sabareesh, N. Gobinath, V. Sajith, Sumitesh Das, C.B. Sobhan, Application of TiO2 nanoparticles as a lubricant- additive for vapor compression refrigeration systems – An experimental investigation ,International Journal of Refrigeration, 35(7), 2012,1989-1996.
[2]. Sheng-shan Bi, Lin Shi, Li-li Zhang, Application of nanoparticles in domestic refrigerators,Applied Thermal Engineering, 28( 14–15), 2008,1834-1843.
[3]. Shengshan Bi, Kai Guo, Zhigang Liu, JiangtaoWu, Performance of a domestic refrigerator using TiO2–R600a nano-refrigerant as working fluid, Energy Convers. Manag. 52 (1) ,2011,733–737.
[4]. I.M. Mahbubul, R. Saidur, M.A. Amalina, Thermal Conductivity, Viscosity and Density of R141b Refrigerant based Nanofluid, Procedia Engineering, 56, 2013, 310-315

Abstract: This project aims is innovation of alternative materials of Liquid petroleum gas (LPG). So, the finite element analysis of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cylinders made of Steel and Fiber Reinforced Plastic (FRP) composites has been carried out. Finite element analysis of composite cylinder subjected to internal pressure is performed. Layered shell element of a versatile FE analysis package ANSYS (version 11.0) has been used to model the shell with FRP composites.

[1]. Geoff Eckold; "Design and Manufacture of Composite Structures"; Jaico publishing House; 1995.
[2]. Vasiliev, V. V and Morozov, E. V; Mechanics and Analysis of Composite Materials; Elsevier Science; 2001.
[3]. Kumar, S. and Pradhan, B; Finite Element Analysis of Low-Velocity Impact Damage in Composite Laminates; Journal of Reinforced Plastics and Composites; Vol.19; No. 04/2000.
[4]. Jha, S. K and Kumar, S; Finite Element Analysis of Deformations, Stresses and Damages in FRP Composite Laminates Subjected to Uniformly Distributed Loadings; National Conference on Light Metals and Composites for Strategic and Social needs; RRL Trivandrum; October 2002.

Abstract: Urban transport system is the key issue in today's scenario due to incredible growth rate in urban areas and improper planning to accommodate incoming migrants. Surat city being the Diamond capital and Textile Hub becomes an epicenter for opportunities which in turn attracts a great number of man-power. This huge population and increasing requirements towards transportation challenges the existing service in the heart of the city. To face this challenge, BRTS turns out as a sustainable transit system looking towards the availability of space and existing network of roads.

[1] AbsarAlam and Faisal Ahmed (2013)," Urban Transport Systems and Congestion: A case study of Indian cities".Available:trid.trb.org/view.aspx?id=1298722
[2] AdvaniMukti, Srirama B., Pathan S. K.(2008) - Improvement in Transit service using GIS- Case study of BhavnagarAvailable:http://www.academia.edu/7604699/Improvement_in_Transit_Service_using_GIS__Case_study_of_Bhavnagar_State_TransportDepot
[3] ChaurasiaDevarshi (2014), "Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS): A Sustainable Way of City Transport (Case Study of Bhopal BRTS)".Available: http://www.ijeat.org/attachments/File/v3i4/D2807043414.pdf
[4] JaiswalAnuj, Sharma Ashutosh, Yadu Krishnan (2012),"Potential Of Bus Rapid Transit System: A Case Study Of Ahmedabad"
Available:http://www.technicaljournalsonline.com/ijaers/VOL%20I/IJAERS%20VOL%20I%20ISSUE%20III%20APRIL%20JUNE%202012/169.pdf
[5] KandyaAnurag, KolliNarendrareddy, Manju Mohan, Pathan S K., PandeySucheta (2011), "Dynamics of Urbanization and its Impact on Land-Use/Land-Cover: A Case Study of Megacity Delhi"Available:

Abstract: Gravity load designed old school buildings had been heavily damaged by the October, 1992, Egypt earthquake in the regions near the epicenter. Most of the victims were school students because there was no previous knowledge of the ideal behavior dealing with earthquakes, the case that leads to the students' rushing into corridors and stairs. As a result of the weakness of some parapets of corridors, some students fell into the playground. Moreover, the existence of only one stair at most schools cause the accumulation of students over the stair, which led to the death of some students.

[1]. ATC-40, 1996. Seismic Evaluation and Retrofit of Concrete Buildings, ATC, California.
[2]. FEMA-273, 1997. NEHRP Guidelines for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Washington.
[3]. FEMA-356, 2000. Prestandard and Commentary for Seismic Rehabilitation of Buildings, Washington.
[4]. FEMA-440, 2005. Improvement of Nonlinear Static Seismic Analysis Procedures, Washington.
[5]. European Committee for Standardization, 2004. Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance-Assessment and Retrofitting of Buildings, Eurocode 8-3.
[6]. Turkish Seismic Design Code, Ministry of Public Works, Official Gazette, March 2007.

Abstract: Now a day's composites play very important role in many industrial mechanical applications due to their strength to low weight ratio. Many simulation studies are being studied on composites using commercially available software's to determine the strength of the structure made up of composites. Predicting stresses in the composite structure may not be sufficient in applications such as aerospace, ships, high-precision machines etc. In this paper we attempted to determine stresses developed in composites experimentally as well as analytically. For the investigation of stresses developed we used circular disc made up of Araldite (CY230).Compression test on circular disc conducted and the results are compared with the results obtained from analytical and stimulation studies.

[1]. FANG LI "Study of stress measurement using polariscope thesis, august 2010"
[2]. John A. Gilbert "Experimental techniques in solid mechanics, 2013"

Abstract: Gasification is a thermo-chemical process which converts solid biomass into a mixture of combustible gases that can be used in several applications. A downdraft gasifier was designed and developed for running air cooled, single cylinder, 4-stroke, direct injection diesel engine developing a power of 5 kW, on dual fuel mode at a rated speed of 1500 rpm. The producer gas was introduced in the inlet manifold of engine at 81pm, 61pm and 41pm respectively.

[1]. NirmalaKaushik&SoumitraBiswas, New Generation Biofuels Technology & Economic Perspectives, Technology Information, Forecasting & Assessment Council (TIFAC) Department of Science & Technology (DST), 2010
[2]. Baratieri M, Baggio P, Fiori L, Grigiante M. Biomass as an energy source: thermodynamic constraints on the performance of the conversion process. Bioresour Technology 2008;99:7063–73.
[3]. Mr. Bill Nostrand,‖ Principle of gasification‖ Handbook of Biomass Downdraft GasifierEngine Systems, U.S. Department of Energy,Year 1988,chp-4,sec-4.1,pp-21.
[4]. G.D. Rai, Non-conventional energy sources, Khanna Publishers, 2010. page no. 396.
[5]. T.B. Read and A. Das, , Handbook of biomass downdraft gasifier engine systems, fig. 5-3, page 31.

Abstract: Hydraulic conductivity is the prime factor which decides the suitability of a material to be used as a landfill liner. It is necessary that a liner material in landfill remain nearly impervious for obstructing the leachate or waste water from contaminating the ground water and surrounding soil. In this study, a locally available clayey soil is tested for hydraulic conductivity by treating it with marble dust till 20%. The soil samples are compacted using standard and modified proctor compactive effort using moulding water contents -2, 0 and +2 percentages relative to optimum.

[1]. Boynton, S. S., and David E. D., Hydraulic conductivity tests on compacted clay, J. Geotechnical Engrg., 1985, 465-478.
[2]. Osinubi, K. J., Permeability of lime-treated lateritic soil, J. Transportation Engrg., 1998, 465-469.
[3]. Osinubi, K. J., and Nwaiwu, C. M. O., Hydraulic Conductivity of Compacted Lateritic Soil, J. Geotechnical Engrg, 2005, 1034-1041
[4]. Kumar, A., Ghous, B. K., and Muhammad, P. A, Effect of marble powder on various geotechnical properties of Jamshoro soil, Advancing Civil, Architectural and Construction Engineering & Management, ICCIDC–III, 2012

Abstract: The paper presents laboratory investigations on drying shrinkage of concrete made from three different types of cements namely 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (53 grade OPC), two types of blended cement namely Portland Pozzolana Cement (PPC) and Portland Slag Cement (PSC) both are factory blended; for both normal and artificial sea water conditions. An attempt has been made to compare the drying shrinkage of hardened concrete made from above mentioned three types of cements for M30 grade of concrete mix with W/C of 0.45 conducted in accordance with BIS specifications. From the results of the investigation it can be concluded that the performance of blended cement concrete is better when compared to OPC concrete.
Keywords: Artificial sea water, Blended cement composites, Drying shrinkage, Marine environment,

[1]. Raghuprasad P. S., A. V. Pradeepkumar and R. Nagendra , "Chloride penetration and drying shrinkage studies on blended cement and OPC concrete with reference to marine environment, The Indian Concrete Journal, February 2007, pp. 39-43,.
[2]. Costa, A. and Appleton, J., "Chloride penetration into concrete in marine environment – Part I: Main parameters affecting chloride penetration", Materials and Structures, Vol. 32, May 1999, pp. 252-259.
[3]. Farid Benboudjema, Fékri Meftah and Jean-Michel Torrenti, "Structural Effects of Drying Shrinkage", Journal of Engineering Mechanics © ASCE , November 2005, pp. 1195-1199.
[4]. Wenyan Zhang, Mohamed Zakaria and Yukio Hama, "Influence of aggregate materials characteristics on the drying shrinkage properties of mortar and concrete", ELSEVIER Construction and Building Materials), 2013, pp. 500-510.
[5]. Akinkurolere O. O., Cangru Jiang and Shobola O. M., "The Infulence of Salt Water on the Compressive Strength of Concrete", Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, 2007, pp. 412-415.

Abstract: The aim of this article is to optimize the design of Hero Honda Passion brake drum (i.e. through reverse engineering approach). Optimization is done by changing the material of the brake drum, under different braking time and operational conditions. Brake drum is optimized to obtained different stresses, deformation values, rise in temperature on different braking time and heat transfer rate. Optimized results obtained are compared for Aluminium and CE (Controlled Expansion) material alloys. It concludes that the CE (Controlled Expansion) alloys can be a better candidate material for the brake drum applications of light commercial vehicles and it also increases the braking performance.

[1]. V .Hima Kiran Vithal "Analysis of brake fade in Drum Brakes"AE(FT-2008)
[2]. By Rolla H. Taylor and William L. Holt "Effect of roughness of cast iron Brake Drums in wear test of brake lining" Research Paper Rp1427 Oct.1941.
[3]. Akshat Sharma, Amit Kumar Marwah "Braking Systems: Past, Present& Future" March (2013)
[4]. Anup Kumar and R. Sabarish "Structural and Thermal Analysis of Brake Drum" Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 20 (6): 715-719, (2014).
[5]. Sourav Das, Ameenur Rehman Siddiqui, Vishvendra Bartaria "Evaluation Of Aluminum Alloy Brake Drum For Automobile Application" International journal of scientific & technology research volume 2, issue (11, November 2013).
[6]. Ibrahim Ahmed1, Yasser Fatouh1, Wael Aly2 "A parametric FE modeling of brake for non-linear analysis" (2014).
[7]. P. Ioannidis, P.C Brooks, D.C Barton "Drum Brake Contact Analysis and its Influence on Squeal Noise Prediction" 2003-01-3348(2003)