iosr-JMCE   Volume-13 ~ Issue-6 ~ Nov-Dec 2016

Abstract: Magnetic levitation is a highly advanced technology. It has various uses such as maglev cars. The common point in all maglev applications is the lack of contact and thus no wear and friction. This increases efficiency, reduce maintenance costs, and increase the useful life of the system. The magnetic levitation technology can be used as an efficient technology in the transportation engineering. Hence Auto China in Beijing presents results PCP – peoples car project with the concept Hover car, an environmentally friendly two-seater city car which hovers above the ground, the study of Zero emissions vehicle that could in future travel along electromagnetic road networks..........

Keywords: Magnetic levitation, PCP, hover craft, electromagnetic road networks, transportation

[1]. www.zaoche.cn

[2]. Munro, John (1897). A Trip to Venus (2007 IndyPublish ed.). London: Jarrold & Sons. pp. 26–28., Archive.org: E-book: A Trip to Venus

[3]. Jump up to:a b Inventor of the week- Elihu Thomson . (2002, February). Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/thomson. html

[4]. Jump up to:a b Harding, R, & Darroch, D. (2003, May). Emile bachelet collection. Retrieved fromhttp://americanhistory.si.edu/ archives/d8302.htm

[5]. Jump up to:a b c d James R. Powell ph.d. (2002). Retrieved fromhttp://www.fi.edu/winners/2000/powell_james.faw? winner_id=3708

Abstract: The main objective of the present investigation is to assess the usefulness of ceramic tile waste as admixture for fine sand, and focused to improve the engineering properties of fine sand to make it capable to reduced cross section of embankment for road construction. This research paper includes laboratory experimental work, software work and cost analysis work. Different laboratory experiments were performed on fine sand with direct mixing of fine sand of different dry densities 1.50 gm/cc, 1.55 gm/cc and 1.58 gm/cc (M.D.D.) and different percentage 0%, 2%, 4%, 8% and 12% by dry weight of fine sand of ceramic tile waste material having particles size range between 2.36 mm to 4.75 mm. A geotechnical software was used for stability analysis of road embankments of various heights of 6.0 m, 7.5 m and 9.0 m. The rate analysis was done manually according to B.S.R. 2016, P.W.D., Rajasthan, India and cost reduction ratios were calculated. The reduction in cross-section of road embankment was tremendous and the cost of the construction was also reduced to a good extent.

Keywords: Direct shear test, road embankment, factor of safety, ceramic tile waste material, slope stability analysis

[1]. Aditya Kuamr Anupam, Praveen Kumar, G D Ransinchung R N, "Use of Various Agricultural and Industrial Waste Materials in Road Construction", Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences 104, pp. 264-273, 2013.
[2]. AK Mishra, R Mathur and P Goel, "Marble Slurry Dust in Roads - An Apt Solution for Industrial Waste", Highway Res Bull, 65 (12), pp. 83-92, 2001.
[3]. Akash Gupta, Dr. N.K. Ameta, "Stabilization of Fine Sand through Ceramic tile Waste as Admixture for Construction of Embankments for Roads", IJIRSET, Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016.
[4]. Akash Gupta, Dr. N.K. Ameta, "Fine Sand Stabilization Using Ceramic tile Waste as Admixture for Design of Flexible Pavement in Construction of Roads", American Journal of Engineering Research, Volume -5, Issue 8, pp. 186-191, 2016.
[5]. Bishop, A.W., "The Use of the Slip Circle in the Stability Analysis of Slopes", Geotechnique, Vol. 5, pp. 7–17, 1955.

Abstract: Aluminum MMCs are preferred to other conventional materials in the fields of aerospace, automotive and marine applications owing to their improved properties like high strength to weight ratio, good wear resistance etc. In the present work an attempt has been made to synthesize metal matrix composite using 7075Al as matrix material reinforced with ceramic Al4C3 particulates using liquid metallurgy route in particular stir casting technique. The addition level of reinforcement is being varied from 2 - 10wt% in steps of 2wt%. For each composite, reinforcement particles were preheated to a temperature of 2000C and then dispersed in steps of two into the vortex of molten Al7075 alloy to improve wettability and distribution...........

Keywords: MMC's, Al4C3 particulates, 7075Al, stir-casting

[1]. P. Rohatgi, "Cast aluminum matrix composites for automotive applications" J. Organomet. Chem. (1991) 10–15.
[2]. G.A. Chadwich, P.J. Heath, Machining of metal matrix composites, met. Mater. 2–6 (1990) 73–76.
[3]. J. Gilbert Kaufman "Properties of Aluminum Alloys; Tensile, Creep, and Fatigue Data at High and Low Temperatures", ASM International 2002.
[4]. G. B. Veeresh Kumar, C. S. P. Rao, N. Selvaraj, M. S. Bhagyashekar "Studies on Al6061-SiC and Al7075-Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composites" Journal of Minerals & Materials Characterization & Engineering, Vol. 9, No.1, pp.43-55, 2010
[5]. Y. Reda, R. Abdel-Karim and I. Elmahallawi "Improvements in mechanical and stress corrosion cracking properties in Al-alloy 7075 via retrogression and reaging" Materials Science and Engineering: A, Volume 485, Issues 1-2, 25June 2008, andPages468-475.

Abstract: The current state of knowledge of cement hydration mechanisms is reviewed, including the origin of the period of slow reaction in alite and cement, the nature of the acceleration period, the role of calcium sulfate in modifying the reaction rate of tricalcium, aluminate, the interactions of silicates and aluminates, and the kinetics of the deceleration period. In addition, several remaining controversies or gaps in understanding are identified, such as the nature and influence on kinetics of an early surface hydrate, the mechanistic origin of the beginning of the acceleration period, the manner in which microscopic growth processes lead to the characteristic morphologies of hydration products at larger length scales, and the role played by diffusion in the deceleration period. The review concludes with some perspectives on research needs for the future.........

Keywords:  Hydration (A)
 Kinetics (A)
 Microstructure (B)

[1]. H.F.W. Taylor, P. Barret, P.W. Brown, D.D. Double, G. Frohnsdorff, V. Johansen, D. Ménétrier-Sorrentino, I. Odler, L.J. Parrott, J.M. Pommersheim, M. Regourd, J.F. YoungThe hydration of tricalcium silicateMater. Struct., 17 (1984), pp. 457–468|
[2]. E.M. Gartner, J.M. GaidisHydration mechanisms, IJ. Skalny (Ed.), Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. 1American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH (1989) pp. 95–125
[3]. J.M. Gaidis, E.M. GartnerHydration mechanisms, IIJ. Skalny, S. Mindess (Eds.), Materials Science of Concrete, Vol. 2American Ceramic Society, Westerville, OH (1989), pp. 9–39
[4]. E.M. Gartner, J.F. Young, D.A. Damidot, I. JawedHydration of portland cementJ. Bensted, P. Barnes (Eds.), Structure and Performance of Cements (2nd Edition), Spon Press, New York (2002), pp. 57 -113
[5]. S. Glasstone, K.J. Laidler, H. EyringThe Theory of Rate ProcessesMcGraw-Hill, New York (1941)

Abstract: Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) composites are being used as reinforcements in concrete structures now a days. The FRP reinforcements can be replaced the conventional steel bars in structural elements and found superior because of its higher tensile strength and durability. Hence this study focuses mainly on the flexural behaviour of reinforced concrete flanged beams reinforced with Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) reinforcements under Static Loading. Firstly, the preliminary laboratory tests to assess the basic properties of Normal Strength Concrete (NSC), Steel and threaded GFRP reinforcements and the results are presented. Secondly........

Keywords: Flanged beam, Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP), Flexural Behaviour, static Loading,

[1]. ACI 440R-96 (1996), State of theArt Report on fiber reinforced plastic reinforcement for concrete structures, ACI Committee 440, American Concrete Institute (ACI), Detroit.
[2]. Nanni,A., Okamoto,T., Tanigaki,M., and Osakada,S.(1993), Tensile properties of braided FRP rods for concrete reinforcement, Cement and Concrete Composites, 15(3), 121-129.
[3]. ACI 440.1R-01 (2001), Guide for the Design and Construction of Concrete Reinforced with FRP bars, ACI Committee 440.
[4]. ACI Committee 440.XR (2007) Report on fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) reinforcement of concrete. American Concrete Institute.
[5]. ISIS Canada (2001) Reinforcing Concrete Structures with Fibre Reinforced Polymers – Design Manual No. 3, Canadian network of centres of excellence on intelligent sensing for innovative structures, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 2001

Abstract: Pulverized Fuel ash is an industrial waste produced in thermal power plants across the world. Fly ash is an engineering material that can be used as embankment material or sub grade material. When compared with typical soils used for embankment construction, fly ash has large uniformity coefficient consisting of silt-sized particles mostly. Addition of Manufactured sand modifies the particle size distribution of fly ash and also there will be an increase in unit weight of the mixed material. The present experimental work has been carried out to know the possibility of using fly ash in combination with M-Sand. The engineering properties of this mixture (fly ash-M-Sand) have been studied to bring out the possibility of using fly ash in the construction of embankments. Addition of M-Sand to fly ash results in an increase in Maximum Dry Density (MDD), and at the same time observed a decrease in Optimum Moisture Content (OMC). The composite consisting of 40% fly ash + 60% M-Sand produced a Maximum Dry Density (MDD) of 1. 55 g/cm3. This composite material may be used for the construction of subgrade for rural roads

Keywords: Fly Ash, M-Sand, MDD, OMC, composite mixture

[1]. Beeghly J.H (2003) "Recent experiences with Lime-Fly ash Stabilization of Pavement Sub-grade soils, base and Recycled asphalt", International Ash Utilisation Symposium,centre for Applied Energy Research, University of Kentucky, Paper # 46.
[2]. Chauhan M.S., Mittal S.and Mohanty B. (2008) "Performance Evaluation of Silty Sand Subgrade reinforced with Fly ash and Fiber", Geotextiles and Geomembranes ,Volume 26 Issue 5,pp.429-435.
[3]. Singh, B., Kumar, A., & Sharma, R. K. (2014). Effect of Waste Materials on Strength Characteristics of Local Clay. International Journal of Civil Engineering Research, 5(1), 61-68.
[4]. IRC:SP:20-2002,"Rural Roads Manual" Indian Road Congress, New Delhi ,India.
[5]. IRC:37-2001,"Guide Lines for the design of Flexible Pavements"

Abstract: The morphology characterization and computational methods favored numerical simulation and design of microstructures. Indeed, the multiscale approaches enable us to determine the Young's modulus of materials. In this paper, the objective is to develop a two-dimensional microstructure of bio composites containing natural particles. The bio composite is made of polypropylene matrix mixed with natural fillers (Argan nut shells and bio-polymer polypropylene as matrix.) A modelization was made by the Zebulon calculation code on three different ranges, each contains four microstructures of different fractions of the inclusions 10%, 15%, 20% and 30%, and each microstructure contains 3 sizes of the inclusions (20% of small size, 60% of medium and 20% large). This numerical result is compared with experimental data.

Keywords: Argan nut shell particles, polymer composite, mechanical properties, computational homogenization, representativity

[1] Thomas C, Borges P H R, Panzera T H, Cimentada A, Lombillo I. Epoxy composites containing CFRP powder wastes. Composites: Part B, 2014, 59, 260–268.
[2] Essabir H, Nekhlaoui S, Malha M, Bensalah MO, Arrakhiz FZ, Qaiss A, Bouhfid R (2013). Mater Des 51:225–230.
[3] W.Voigt.Lehrbuch der Krisallphysik. Teubner Berlin, 1910.
[4] Qaiss A E K, Bouhfid R, Essabir H. Biomass and Bioenergy Processing and Properties, Springer International Publishing, Switzerland, 2014, 225–244.
[5] Behzad T, Sain M. Finite element modeling of polymer curing in natural fiber reinforced composites. Compos Sci Technol 2007;67:1666–73.
[6] H. Essabir, E. Hilali, A. Elgharad, H. El Minor, A. Imad, A. Elamraoui, O. Al Gaoudi « Mechanical and thermal properties of bio-composites based on polypropylene reinforced with Nut-shells of Argan particles » Materials and Design 49 (2013) 442–448

Abstract: In this paper, an experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effect of zeolite inclusion as partial replacement on some properties of concrete containing zeolite and the effect of corrosion of reinforced steel bars imbedded in concrete .A total of 72 cubes were cast to determine compressive strength and 24 cylinder to determine the indirect tensile strength. Bond strength between reinforcing bars and concrete was determined by pullout test on 24 concrete blocks. Corrosion rate was studied and the results are presented. Different percentages of zeolite ,namely 5,10,15,20,25,30and 35% were used which resulted in seven mixes other than the control one .The optimum replacement value was 15%by weightof cement at which all the studied properties has been enhanced.

[1]. Lowke D, Schiessl P.K" Effect of mixing energy on fresh properties of SCC." In: Proceedings of the fourth international RILEM symposium on selfcompacting
[2]. Kosmatka SH, Kerkhoff B, Panares´e WC, MacLeod NF, McGrath" Study on durability properties of concrete containing zeolite as a highly reactive natural pozzolan". Constr Build Mater 2012;35:1023–33
[3]. Haque M.N., "Strength Development and Drying Shrinkage of High-Strength Concretes", Cement & Concrete Composites Journal, Vol-18,No-5,pp. 333-342,1996.
[4]. Bürge T.A., "Densified Cement Matrix Improves Bond with Reinforcing Steel", in P. Bartos (Ed.), Bond in Concrete, Applied Science Publishers, London, 1982, pp. 273–281.
[5]. Shi Zeng Q , Chung D.D.L., "Improving the Abrasion Resistance of Mortar by Adding Latex and Carbon Fibers", Cement and Concrete Research,Vol. 27,No.8,pp.1149-1153,1997.

Abstract: In India, western part is mostly deserted which have mostly dune sand. According to Indian Standard Classification System, dune sand has nil plasticity characteristics and nil cohesion. Dune sand has low compressive strength. Hence, by the stabilization of dune sand, we can use it for various constructions like highways, helipad and airfield constructions. We can use plastic waste like polybags as admixture to stabilize the dune sand. This paper presents the experimental results on dune sand mixed with polybags. This is also a way to reuse of polybag waste with reinforcing the dune sand. It will help in plastic waste removal and management. The size of polybag waste used is 5 mm x 5 mm. Different proportions 0%, 0.05%, 0.06%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9% and 1.0% of polybag waste and different dry densities 1.66 gm/cc (M.D.D.), 1.62 gm/cc and 1.57 gm/cc of dune sand were mixed and used for testing. Particle size distribution test, standard proctor test, california bearing ratio test and Variable head permeability test have been conducted to obtain results.

Keywords: Dune sand, polybag waste, stabilization, CBR, permeability

[1] Akash Gupta, Dr. N.K. Ameta, "Fine Sand Stabilization Using Sanitary Ware Waste as Admixture for Design of Flexible Pavement in Construction of Roads", AJER, Volume-5, Issue-8, 2016, pp. 186-191.
[2] Akash Gupta, Dr. N.K. Ameta, "Stabilization of Fine Sand through Sanitary Ware Waste as Admixture for Construction of Embankments for Roads", IJIRSET, Vol. 5, Issue 8, August 2016.
[3] Ashwani Kumar and Rajbir singh, "Plastic lining for water storage structures", Research bulletin 50, Directorate of Water Management, Chander sekharpur, Bhubaneswar, 2010.
[4] Ameta N.K. and Abhay Shuvaji Wayal, "Effect of Bentonite on Permeability of Dune Sand", E.J.G.E., Vol. 13-Bund. A, 2008.

Abstract: Performance reliability of continuous process industries is of interest to many applications in maintenance engineering. Very limited researches seem to have been done on the performance reliability improvement of process industries by optimizing maintenance practices through failure analysis. The objective of this paper is to understand the condition of process industries and to evaluate performance reliability on the basis of improvement in maintenance plan through failure analysis. It will help to understand about the working lives of components and associated failures, which lead to reengineer new technologies efficiently and to gain the operational advantage. A comprehensive literature review related to the scenario of reliability and maintenance issues is presented in this paper. The review of literature is subdivided into reliability analysis, maintenance plan in process industries and maintenance optimization

Keywords: Failure analysis, Maintenance, Maintenance Optimization, Process industry, Reliability

[1]. Andrawus, Jesse A., John Watson, and Mohammed Kishk. "Wind Turbine Maintenance Optimisation: Principles of Quantitative Maintenance Optimization" (March 2007). https://openair.rgu.ac.uk/handle/10059/228.
[2]. Arts, R. H. P. M., Gerald M. Knapp, and Lawrence Mann Jr. "Some Aspects of Measuring Maintenance Performance in the Process Industry." Journal of Quality in Maintenance Engineering 4, no. 1 (1998): 6–11. doi:10.1108/13552519810201520.
[3]. Balagurusamy E, Reliability Engineering, Tata Mcgraw Hil, 1984
[4]. Bertrand Braunschweig and Xavier Joulia, "Optimization of Preventive Maintenance Scheduling in Processing Plants." In Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, edited by, Volume 25:319–324. 18th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. Elsevier, 2008. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1570794608800582.
[5]. Braaksma, A. J. J., W. Klingenberg, and J. Veldman. "Failure Mode and Effect Analysis in Asset Maintenance: a Multiple Case Study in the Process Industry." International Journal of Production Research ahead-of-p, no. ahead-of-p (2012): 1–17. doi:10.1080/00207543.2012.674648

Abstract: Solid wastemanagement is among the basices sential services provided by municipal authorities in the country to keep citiesclean. Due to industrialization, ruralto urban migration and high growth rate of population have induced rapid urbanization in developing countries and obviously in India also. The haphazard urbanization create dacute problem of solid waste management. The per capita waste generation rate in India has increased from 0.44 kg perday in 2001 to 0.5 kg perday in 2011; such a steep increase in waste generation within a decade has severed the stress on all infrastructural, natural and budgetary resources. Aurangabad is one of the fastest developing city, it generates total quantity of waste is about 1300 to 1400 metric tons perday. So, there is need of the proper waste collection, transportation route for prevention of environment form the hazardous waste disposal.

Keywords: Municipal solid waste; collection of waste; disposal; wastemanagement

[1] Arab Republic of Egypt. 2000. "Conditions and Specifications For The Governorate Public Cleaning Project Tender." Produced by the Aswan Governorate.
[2] Bernstein, Janis. 2004. "Toolkit: Social assessment and Public Participation in Municipal Solid Waste Management." Urban Envi-ronment Thematic Group.
[3] British Virgin Islands Government. 1996. "Health Sector Adjustment Project Report" Produced by W.I Walker (Technical consul-tant).
[4] Caribbean Development Bank. 1995. "Staff Appraisal Report for OECS Solid Waste Management Project " prepared for presenta-tion to Board of Directors,.
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Abstract: Presently orbital forming is done to assemble Generation-3 wheel hub bearings where hub inner shaft end is plastically formed to lock small inner. Orbital forming process is very critical in terms of controlling preload in a Generation-3 wheel hub bearing and hence provides a maintenance free design. In this study, comparison and simulation has been done among three hub inner shaft design options (i) without relief curve & step (ii) with relief curve & step (iii) only with step, by using commercial finite element software ABAQUS 6.12.1 EXPLICIT module. Pre-stress, radial & axial plastic deformation of small inner was found after simulating orbital forming and compared for above stated three design options.

Keywords: Orbital forming, Generation-3 wheel hub bearing, Dynamic analysis, FEM,

[1]. H.Cho, N.Kim and T.Altan, simulation of orbital forming process using 3D FEM and inverse analysis for determination of reliable flow stress
[2]. k.toda,T.ishi, S.Kashiwagi,T.Mitarai, Development of hub units with shaft clinching for automotive wheel bearings (KOYO Engineering Journal English Edition No.158E(2001)
[3]. United States Patent, Patent no. US 6,553,666 B2 (Apr.29,2003)
[4]. Timken products catalog (engineering section)
[5]. Hyun-jik cho, Orbital forming simulation of automotive hub bearing using the explicit finite element method (International Journal of Modern Physics Vol . 22, Nos. 9, 10 & i i (2008) 1626-1633).

Abstract: This analysis is investigated to influence of momentum, heat and mass transfer characteristics in the basis of boundary layer approximations on mixed convective flow past an inclined porous plate in porous medium. A set of non-dimensional transformations is used to transform the momentum, energy and concentration equations under consideration into nonlinear boundary layer equations which are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta sixth-order integration scheme together with Nachtsheim-Swigert shooting iteration technique............

Keywords: Inclined porous plate, mixed convection, permeability, porous medium

[1] C.-H. Chen, Yunlin and Taiwan, Heat and mass transfer in MHD flow by natural convection from a permeable, inclined surface
with variable wall temperature and concentration, Acta Mechanica, 172, 2004, 219-235.
[2] M. S. Alam, M. M. Rahman and M. A. Samad, Numerical study of the combined free-forced convection and mass transfer flow past
a vertical porous plate in a porous medium with heat generation and thermal diffusion, Nonlinear Analysis: Modeling and Control,
11(4), 2006, 331-343.
[3] M. S. Alam, M. M. Rahman and M. A. Sattar, Effects of chemical reactions and thermophoresis on magnetohydrodynamics mixed
convective heat and mass transfer flow along an inclined plate in the presence of heat generation and (or) absorption with viscous
dissipation and joule heating, Can. J. Phys., 86, 2008, 1057-1066.
[4] O. Aydin and A. Kaya, MHD mixed convective heat transfer flow about an inclined plate, Heat Mass Transfer, 46, 2009, 129-136

Abstract: The rapidly exhaustion of fossil fuels due to the soaring industrialization and vehicles of the world. The journey for alternative fills has been able to be unavoidable, looking enthusiasm of diesel for transportation segment. Biodiesel has turned into a key source as utilization fuels for diesel engines. Biodiesel gotten from vegetable oils are entirely encouraging option fills for diesel engine. Utilization of vegetable oils in diesel engine prompts marginally second rate execution and more viscosity it effects major smoke rates. The execution of vegetable fuels can be enhanced by altering through the Transesterification procedure.........

Keywords: Combustion, Diesel Engine, Emission Characteristics, Simarouba biodiesel, Transesterification

[1]. T.Thangaraj, K.M. Shereena, Biodiesel: Vegetable oils are used to produce as an alternative fuel by transesterification process‖, Electronic Journal of Biology, 2009, Vol.5 (3): 67-74.
[2]. Das S.P. Mishra S.R., Mohanty M.K, and Pattanaik A.K.- Simaroubaglauca oil Production by (methyl ester) biodiesel., Vol. 2(5), 66-71, May (2012).
[3]. Murugu Mohan Kumar Kandasamy et.al (2009) "Characteristics of operational using Ester Sunflower biodiesel with comparison with diesel operate on Diesel Engine." www.ccsenet.org
[4]. ShaileshGolabhanvi2 Harish Astagi 3 OmprashHebbal( May 2014) "Conducted an experiment to studied the execution, Combustion, emission characteristics of Simarouba
[5]. Glauca oil and diesel" Issue 4, VO.3 (May 2014) ISSN 2249-6149