iosr-JDMS   Volume-18 ~ Issue-3 ~ March-2019

Abstract: Cancer is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality today in India. Global cancer statistical data show that India has one of the highest incidence rates of oral cancer worldwide, about 86% of total oral cancer cases seen in India across the world. Oral cancer accounts about 46,000 deaths occurring and 75000 new cases are reported in India every year. Chewing tobacco and excessive alcohol consumption have........

KEY WORDS: Oral cancer, HPV infection, carcinogenesis, leukoplakia, erythroplakia, tobacco quitting

[1]. Boffetta P, Hecht S, Gray N, Gupta P, Straif K. Lanchet oncol. 2008;9.
[2]. Parkes G T, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M, Dent R.BMJ. 2008.
[3]. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 2005.
[4]. World Health Organization. National cancer control programmes. 2002.
[5]. Lyon: WHO International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2003..

Abstract: Objective: Whether drains should be routinely used after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is still debated. We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the benefits of drain use after laparoscopic cholecystectomy for non-acute and non-inflamed gallbladders. Materials and Methods: Two hundred and fifty patients (mean age, 47±13.8 years; 200 females and 50 males) who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for cholestasis were included in the study. The medical files of the patients were examined retrospectively to obtain data on patient demographics, cholecystitis attacks, complications during the operation, whether...........

Key Words: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, drains, ultrasonography

[1]. Sarli L, Costi R, Sansebastiano G, Trivelli M, Roncoroni L. Prospective randomized trial of low-pressure pneumoperitoneum for reduction of shoulder-tip pain following laparoscopy. Br J Surg. 2000;87:1161–5. [PubMed]
[2]. Antoniades J, Sagkana E. Randomized comparison between different insufflation pressures for laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Laparosc Endosc Percutan Tech. 2003;13:245–9. [PubMed]
[3]. Vezakis A, Davides D, Gibson JS, et al. Randomized comparison between lowpressure laparoscopic cholecystectomy and gasless laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Surg Endosc. 1999;13:890–3. [PubMed]
[4]. Abbott J, Hawe J, Srivastava P, Hunter D, Garry R. Intraperitoneal gas drain to reduce pain after laparoscopy: randomized masked trial. Obstet Gynecol. 2001;98:97–100. [PubMed]
[5]. Gurusamy KS, Samraj K, Mullerat P, Davidson BR. Routine abdominal drainage for uncomplicated laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;3:CD006004. [PubMed]

Abstract: Mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis fractures are very common fractures of the lower arch. In this retrospective study we compared outcomes of fixing mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis fractures with one mini plate andtwo mini plates. In this study, 40 patientswith fracture in symp-parasymphysis regionwere randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 patients received single 2.5 mm titanium miniplate along with arch bar to create tension banding at the superior border in order to provide effective stabilization of fracture segments. And Group 2patients received two 2.5 mm titanium miniplates . Parameters assessed were: duration of surgery, fracture stabilization, occlusion and wound dehiscence. Significant difference was seen in avg duration of surgery. Single 2.5 mm miniplate for mandibular symphysis and parasymphysis fractures is a time saving and cost effective technique with post-operative outcomes similar to conventional 2 plate fixation..

Key Words: Parasymphysis fractures,Single miniplate , arch bars,Two miniplates

[1]. Akhter Lone P,Singh P, Kishore K, Goel M.Management of Mandibular Symphysis and ParaSymphysis Fractures Using a Single Mini Plate With
[2]. Erich Arch Bar: Our Experience: JSK,Vol. 19 No. 2, April.-June 2017
[3]. Brook IM, Wood N (1983) Aetiology and incidence of facial fractures in adults. Int J Oral Surg 12(5):293–298
[4]. Spiessl B (1989) Internal fixation of the mandible. Springer, New York
[5]. Champy M, Lodde JP, Schmitt R et al (1978) Mandibular osteosynthesis by miniature screwed plates via a buccal approach. J Maxillofac Surg 6:14–21

Abstract: Ionizing radiation particulates from natural origins are present in the nature surrounding us.High radiation exposure can impact on human health which leads to death. This paper suggests that the effects of Radon radiation and exposure should be further tested for their effects on the human immune system to get more accurate explanation about the process and mechanism.This paper will show that low doses of exposure can bring effect to human immune system. The methods for this paper is collecting and surveying 57 literature related about Radon radiation to get new information through some steps: (a) identifying the topic of Radon exposure from surveyed literature; (b) determining the extent of Radon exposure to human body immunity to find interpretable trends or patterns from.......

[1]. IAEA. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards (GSR Part 3). In: International Atomic Energy Agency. 3rd ed. VIENNA: IAEA Safety Glossary; 2014. p. 427.
[2]. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. UNSCEAR 2016 report. 2017. 504 p.
[3]. Sam Keith, M.S., C.H.P. John R. Doyle, M.P.A. Carolyn Harper, Ph.D. Moiz Mumtaz PDOT. Draft Toxicological Profile for Radon: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR). 3rd ed. Christopher J. Portier, editor. ATLANTA GEORGIA: Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry; 2012. 9-11, 161-167 p.
[4]. National Research Council of The National Academies. Health Risks From Exposure To Low Levels Of Ionizing Radiation BEIR II. 2nd ed. MONSON RR, editor. wahington DC: The National Academic Press; 2006. 385 p.
[5]. Erickson BE. The therapeutic use of radon: a biomedical treatment in europe; an "alternative" remedy in the united states. 2007;(714):48–62..

Abstract: Aim: To compare the onset of anaesthesia, duration of motor block and postoperative analgesia among caudally administered 0.375% Ropivacaine and 0.375% Bupivacaine in paediatric patients undergoing circumcision Methodology: In this observational study consecutive subjects getting either of two interventions may be recruited till the sample size is attained 74 paediatric patients planned for circumcision with ASA I allocated in two different groups, to receive either 0.375% Ropivacaine or 0.375%Bupivacaine. Onset of action and return of motor movements assessed based on Bromage scale. Mean duration of onset of anesthesia, duration of motor blockade and postoperative analgesia among two groups are compared using t-test. Results: Both the groups.........

Key words: caudal block,Bupivacaine,Ropivacaine,Bromage scale

[1]. Bindi B Palkhiwla, Heena R. Gajjar, Ripal S. Shah, Department of Anaesthesiology, Smt NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad
[2]. Ivani G, Lampugnani E, Torre M, Calevo M G, Denegri P, Borrometi F, Messeri A, Calamandrei M, Lonnqvist PA : Ropivacaine in paediatric surgery: Preliminary results,Pediatric Anaesth 1998;8:127-29.
[3]. Da Conceicao MJ,coelho L: caudal anesthesia with 0.375% ropivacaine and 0.375% bupivacaine in paediatric patients.Br J Anesth 1998;88:507-8.
[4]. Dr. Manjushree Ray, Dr. Mondal SK, Dr. Biswas A, Indian J. Anaesthesia. 2003; 47(4); 275-278.
[5]. Habre W, Bergesio R,johnson C, Hackett P,Joyce D,Sims C:Plasma ropivacaine concentrations following caudal analgesia in children. Anesthesiology1998:89:A 1245...

Abstract: To compare the concentrations of Serum creatinine and urine albumin creatinine ratio (UACR) and to detect early decline in GFR in type 2 Diabetic patients and controls .80 proven cases of type 2 Diabetic patients &50 age and sex matched healthy controls.Fasting plasma glucose byTrinder's method, Serum& urine creatinine byJaffe' s Method, urine dipstick analysis for protein, urine albumin byImmunoturbidimetry method , & calculated Urinary albumin creatinine ratio(UACR ) were estimated. Glomerular filtration rate was estimated based on the Serum Creatinine..........

Key words: Microalbuminuria, Urinary albumin creatinine ratio, estimated glomerular filtration rate

[1]. HabtamuWondifrawBaynes ;Classification, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management of Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Metab2015 ; 6: 541.
[2]. Whiting DR, Guariguata L, Weil C, Shaw J. IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of the prevalence of diabetes for 2011 and 2030. Diabetes Res ClinPract 2011;94:311-21
[3]. Hany S. Elbarbary, Nabil A. El-Kafrawy et al. Serum Cystatin C an Early Indicator of Renal Function Decline in Type 2 Diabetes. American Journal of BioScience. Vol. 2, No. 3, 2014, pp. 89-94.
[4]. M. Kannapiran , D. Nisha , A. Madhusudhana Rao .Underestimation of Impaired Kidney Function with Serum Creatinine. Ind J ClinBiochem . 2010; 25(4):380–384.
[5]. Levey As, Coresh J, Balke et al. National Kidney Foundation practice guidelines for Chronic Kidney Disease; Evaluation,Classification and Stratification Ann inter Med 2003;139(2)137-147.

Abstract: Fat myringoplasty is an easy and cost effective office procedure for repairing small tympanic membrane perforations. Platelet isolated from the blood forms a rich autologus source of growth factors. It enhances the healing and graft uptake of fat myringoplasty. A total of 50 patients participated in the study with ranging from 15-45 years. In this study, most common cause of perforation was due to COM (50%), followed by assault (35%), self cleaning (10%) and foreign body (5%). The graft take up rate in our study is 87.5% and a 12.5% failure rate. The air conduction thresholds reduced by 9.375 dB post-operatively..........

Key words: Fat myringoplasty, Graft Uptake, Platelet Rich Plasma(PRP)

[1]. Javaid M, Iqbal M, Hidayat U, Shah JI. Myringoplasty onlay versus underlay technique. J Postgrad Med Inst 2002;16(2):174-7.
[2]. Wullstein H. The restoration of the function of the middle ear in chronic otitis media. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 1956;65(4):1021-41.
[3]. Zollner F. The principles of plastic surgery of the sound- conducting apparatus. J Laryngol Otol 1955;69(10):637-52.
[4]. Ringenberg, J. C. (1978), Closure of tympanic membrane perforations by the use of fat. The Laryngoscope, 88: 982–993.
[5]. Yoo J, Chandarana S, Cosby R. Clinical application of tissue adhesives in soft tissue surgery of the head and neck. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2008;16(4):312-7..

Abstract: Background:-Postoperative pain management is important for early mobilization and post-operative discharge. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of 1 mg of epidural butorphanol with 5mg of epidural nalbuphine for postoperative analgesia following CSEA in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. Methods: Sixty patients undergoing total abdominal hysterectomy were allocated into two groups: Group 1(n=30):received 12.5 mg of 0.5% of bupivacaine(heavy) in L3-4 intrathecally plus butorphanol 1 mg diluted in 10 ml normal saline in L2-3 epidurally. Group 2(n=30): received 12.5 mg of 0.5% of bupivacaine(heavy) in L3-4 intrathecally plus nalbuphine 5 mg diluted in 10 ml normal saline L2-3 epidurally. The duration of analgesia was recorded as the.....

Keywords: Epidural, nalbuphine, butorphanol, CSEA, postoperative analgesia

[1]. Dhimar AA, Patel MG, Swadia VN, Desai DJ. Epidural butorphanol: Comparison of two different doses for lower limb orthopaedic surgery. J Anaesth Clin Pharmacol. 2006; 22(1):47–52.
[2]. Boulay G, Blanquat I, Toubas F, Jorrot JC, Hamza J. Combined spinal epidural technique for total abdominal hysterectomy. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2000; 17:98‑9.
[3]. Khangure N. Adjuvant Agents in Neuraxial Blockade Anaesthesia Tutorial of the Week 230; 2011. Available from: http://www.wfsahq. org/virtual‑library‑results/documents. [Last accessed on 2015 July 5].
[4]. Weksler N, Ovadia L. Preliminary study of epidural nalbuphine in treatment of postoperative pain: a comparison with equipotent dose of epidural morphine. Journal of Anaesthesia 1989; 3:54-7.
[5]. AmeerB,Salter FJ. Drug therapy reviews: Evaluation of butorphanol tartate. Am J Hosp Pharm 1979;36:1683

Abstract: Background: Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) is hematological cancer. Based on disease progression CML has three phases: chronic phase, accelerated phase and blast crisis phase. Most of the patients remain undiagnosed until and unless specific test for Philadelphia chromosome was performed. So if CML Patients remains untreated; progress from chronic phase to accelerated and then blast crisis which is medical emergency. So identification of progression of CML from CP to AP and AP to BC in early phase before terminal blast crisis phase is very important. The:.........

[1]. National Cancer Registry Programme. Two year report of the population based cancer registries New Delhi: Indian Council of Medical Research. 1999-2000. [2]. Deininger MW, Goldman JM. The molecular biology of chronic myeloid leukemia. Melo J. 2000;96 (10): 3343-56.
[3]. Jaenisch R, Bird A (2003) Epigenetic regulation of gene expression: how the genome integrates intrinsic and environmental signals. Nat Genet 33 Suppl:245-254.
[4]. Nephew KP, Huang TH (2003) Epigenetic gene silencing in cancer initiation and progression. Cancer Lett 190: 125-133.
[5]. Plass C (2002) Cancer epigenomics. Hum Mol Genet 11: 2479-2488.

Abstract: Background: Arthropod borne viral diseasecaused by flvivirus transmitted by aedesaegypti mosquito.
Objectives: To study the platlet count in IgM positive cases of dengue fever in tertiary care hospital, anantapuramu.Andhra Pradesh. Material and methods: Retrospective analysis of 200 dengue cases from government general hospital ,anantapuramu..only confirmed IgM (ELISA) cases were analysed for platletcount of age group between 18 -65 years . Conclusion: Among these 80%(160) have platlet count less than one lakh ,12% have platlet count between 1-1.5 lakh and 8% have platlet count between 1.5-2.5 lakhs.our study concludes thatseverethrombocytopaenia occurs after the IgM antibodies appearance

[1]. WHO Fact sheet No 117:Dengue and dengue haemarrhagic fever.(2008) Available at
http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs117/en / Accessed on 12 July 2016.
[2]. Harrison's manual of medicine- 19 th edition :104:550
[3]. Bhatt S, Gething PW, Brady OJ, Messina JP , Farlow AW , Moyes CL et al, The Global distribution and the burden of dengue. Nature;496:504-507.
[4]. Brady OJ, Gething PW , Bhatt S, Messina JP , Brownstein JS, Hoen AG et al. Refining the global spatial limits of dengue virus transmission by evidence-based consensus. PLoSNegl Trop Dis. 2012;6:e1760. Doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0001760.
[5]. World Health Organisation. Epidemiological surveillance Assessment Report-[1] 2006. Geneva: WHO [online].2013 [cited 2017, Oct 21]. Available from:http:// apps.who.int/.iris/bit stream/10665/43432/1/9241563176-eng.pdf.

Abstract: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergencywith a lifetime risk of 1 in 7. Early recognition of the condition and prompt operation have been the most important factors in reducing morbidity and possible mortality, length of stay, and cost of treatment. A negative appendectomy rate of 20-40% has been reported in literature. Removing normal appendix is an economic burden on both patients and health resources. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of Alvarado scoring system in reducing the percentage of negative appendectomy in our setup

Keywords: Acute Appendicitis, Alvarado scoring system, Appendectomy

[1]. Mardan MA, Mufti TS, Khattak IU, et al. Role of ultrasound in acute appendicitis. J Ayub Med CollAbottabad. 2007;19: 72e78
[2]. Singh K, Gupta S, Parga P. Application of Alvarado scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. JK Sci. 2008;10: 84e86.
[3]. Munir K, Iqbal J, Mushtaq U, Ishaque I, Mudassar J, Khalid A. Modified Alvarado scoring system in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis. APMC. 2008;2:91e94.
[4]. Khan I, Rehman AU. Application of Alvarado scoring system in diagnosis of acute appendicitis. J Ayub Med CollAbbotabad. 2005;17:41e44.
[5]. Kalan M, Talbot D, Cunliffe WJ, Rich AJ: Evaluation of the modified Alvarado score in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis: a prospective study. Ann R CollSurg 1994, 76:418-9.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis of the knee joint is a common age-related disorder that plagues a vast majority of the elder aged group(1) population of our country. It is a mechanobiological derangement of the joint(2). At present, most patients are diagnosed at a late stage when not much can be done to halt the progression or reverse the disease. With the advent of newer radiological and non-radiological imaging and evaluation techniques, it is possible to diagnose these patients at an earlier stage. However, what needs to be refined is the ability to pick up such candidates for further evaluation. This study aims to study, compare and correlate the risk factors that are associated with early Osteoarthritis of the knee, so as to screen these patients more effectively and give timely intervention.

[1]. Nature vs nurture in knee osteoarthritis - the importance of age, sex and body mass index. Magnusson K1, Turkiewicz A2, Englund M3.
[2]. Early knee osteoarthritis management should first address mechanical joint overload Elizabeth A. Arendt,1Larry E. Miller,2,3 Jon E. Block3 1Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN; 2Miller Scientific Consulting Inc., Asheville, NC; 3The Jon Block Group, San
[3]. Biological markers in osteoarthritis Jean-Charles Rousseau* and Pierre D Delmas
[4]. Global burden of osteoarthritis in the year 2000 Deborah Symmons1 Colin Mathers2, Bruce Pfleger3
[5]. Can We Identify Patients with High Risk of Osteoarthritis Progression Who Will Respond to Treatment? A Focus on Biomarkers and Frailty Nigel Arden1,2 • Pascal Richette3,4 • Cyrus Cooper1,5 • Olivier Bruye `re6 • Eric Abadie7 • Jaime Branco8,9 • Maria Luisa Brandi10 • Francis Berenbaum11,12 • Ce ´cile Clerc13 • Elaine Dennison4,5 • Jean-Pierre Devogelaer14 • Marc Hochberg15 • Pieter D'Hooghe16 • Gabriel Herrero-Beaumont17 • John A. Kanis18 • Andrea Laslop19 • Ve ´ronique Leblanc20 • Stefania Maggi21 • Giuseppe Mautone22 • Jean-Pierre Pelletier23 • Florence Petit-Dop24 • Susanne Reiter-Niesert25 • Rene ´ Rizzoli26 • Lucio Rovati27 • Eleonora Tajana Messi22 • Yannis Tsouderos24 • Johanne Martel-Pelletier23 • Jean-Yves Reginster6.

Abstract: A objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of periodontal disease among urban and periurban police personnel in Yavatmal, Maharashtra, India. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 495 police subjects, aged above 45 years .Type III examination of the police personnel was done by a single investigator. The periodontal status data were recorded on WHO FORMAT 1997. P-VALUE <0.05 was considered statistically significant.The mean age of subjects was 51.5 years, 97.7% were males and 2.2% were females, 46.67% were urban police and 53.33% were periurban police. Regarding highest CPI score, 0.20% subjects had a healthy periodontium whereas maximum subjects (48.88%) had a CPI score 2. The CPI scores showed a significant relationship with age and locality. Overall periodontal status of police personnel was poor with a high number of subjects requiring oral health education.

[1]. Priya Xavier1 and Dr. K. Prabhakar. STRESS AMONG INDIAN POLICE AND CONCEPTUAL ISSUES. International Monthly Refereed Journal of Research In Management & Technology May'13 Volume II:60-66.
[2]. Bushara Bano. Job Stress among Police Personnel. 2011 International Conference on Economics and Finance Research IPEDR vol.4 ,(2011)IACSIT Press, Singapore:290-293.
[3]. Jayesh K.Joseph1, Dr. B. Nagarajamurthy2. Stress in Police officers. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS) Volume 19, Issue 10, Ver. V (Oct. 2014), PP 39-40
[4]. Devapriya Appukuttan, Anupama Tadepalli, Dhayanand John Victor and Smriti Dharuman. Oral health related quality of life among Tamil speaking adults attending a dental institution in Chennai, Southern India. Journal of clinical and Diagnostic Research.2016(oct);10(10):ZC114-ZC120.
[5]. Vinay Kumar Bhardwaj, KR Sharma1, P Jhingta2, RP Luthra3, D Sharma2. Assessment of oral health status and treatment needs of police personnel in Shimla city, Himachal Pradesh: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Health & Allied Sciences • Vol. 1 • Issue 1 • Jan-Mar 2012:20-24..

Abstract: Gingival pigmentation has intrigued clinicians and analysts alike, due to its multifactorialaetiology and the difficultiesfaced in its absolute elimination.Different lesions and conditionswith several exogenous and endogenous factors areusually associated with the discolouration of the gingiva.Through the years, with an expanding interest for aesthetics, the treatment of pigmented gingiva has gained importance and significance.Procedures have been employed for removal of melanin hyper pigmentation such as scalpel surgery, gingivectomy with free gingival autografting, electrosurgery, cryosurgery, chemical agents such as 90% phenol and 95% alcohol, abrasion with diamond bur and soft tissue laser.Thepresent case series aims to highlight the conventional (scalpel surgery) as well........

Keywords: Electrocautery, Gingival depigmentation, Hyperpigmented Gingiva, Oral Pigmentation Index, Scalpel Surgery

[1]. Tamizi M, Taheri M. Treatment of severe physiologic gingival pigmentation with free gingival autograft. Quintessence Int 1996;27:555-8.
[2]. Cockings JM, Savage NW. Minocycline and oral pigmentation. Aust Dent J 1998;43:14-6. Review.
[3]. Pal TK. Gingival melanin pigmentation – A study on its sociopsychological attitude. J Ind Dent Asso 1994; 65; March.
[4]. Dummet CO, Gupta OP. Estimating the epidemiology of gingival pigmentation. J Natl Med Assoc 1964;56:419-20

[5]. Sushma L, Yogesh D, Marawarc PP. Management of gingival hyperpigmentation using surgical blade and diode laser therapy: A comparative study. J Oral Laser Appl 2009;9:41-7..

Abstract: MRI is the most useful investigation following plain x-rays in the detection and further evaluation of both bone and soft tissue sarcomas. The multiplanar capability, combined with the excellent soft tissue contrast and anatomical detail, mean that even small soft tissue or bony lesions can be detected withaccuracy. The MRI appearance of some tissues is characteristic, so that the diagnosis may be apparent or the differential diagnoses narrowed following the MRI scan. Tissues that have a characteristic appearance on MRI include fat and hyaline cartilage. Some vascular lesions are also typical, such as arteriovenous malformations that exhibit flow voids due to rapid blood flow and venous malformations with bright slow flowing or stagnant blood. Other tissues may have an appearance that, while not diagnostic, may be suggestive of a few tissue types, for example fibrous tissue, haemorrhagic tissue orcalcification.

[1]. Rajani R, Gibbs CP. Treatment of Bone Tumors. SurgPatholClin. 2012 Mar 1;5(1):301–18.
[2]. Maria A, Gabriela L, Ileana C, Fabian R, Folescu R, Motoc A. On the Bone Tumours: Overview, Classification, Incidence, Histopathological Issues, Behavior and Review Using Literature Data. In: Poblet E, editor. Histopathology - Reviews and Recent Advances [Internet]. InTech; 2012 [cited 2018 Oct25].
[3]. Unni KK, Inwards CY, Bridge JA, Kindblom LG, Wold LE. Tumors of the bones and joints (Atlas of Tumor Pathology series IV). Wash DC Am RegistPathol. 2005;324–330.
[4]. Hameetman L, Bovée JV, Taminiau AH, Kroon HM, Hogendoorn PC. Multiple osteochondromas: clinicopathological and genetic spectrum and suggestions for clinical management. Hered Cancer ClinPract. 2004 Nov15;2(4):161–73.
[5]. Verbeke SLJ, Bovée JVMG. Primary vascular tumors of bone: a spectrum of entities? Int J ClinExpPathol. 2011 Aug15;4(6):541–51.

Abstract: Objectives: The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the hydrolytic stability of different surface treatments on the bond strength of yttrium-oxide-partially-stabilized zirconia ceramics. Materials and Methods: InCoris TZI C (Sirona Dental Systems GmbH, Germany) zirconia blocks were sintered according to the manufacturer's instructions and randomly divided into three groups according to the surface treatment methods as follow;Group I: Air particle abrasion, Group II: Air particle abrasion followed by piranha acid etch solution, and Group.........

Key words: Dental ceramics;Surface treatment; Resin cement; Bond strength

[1]. Denry I, Holloway JA. Ceramics for dental applications: a review. Materials. 2010; 3: 351-368.
[2]. Lohbauer U, Zipperle M, Rischka K, Petschelt A, Müller FA. Hydroxylation of dental zirconia surfaces: characterization and bonding potential. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 2008; 87: 461-467.
[3]. He M, Zhang Z, Zheng D, Ding N, Liu Y. Effect of sandblasting on surface roughness of zirconia-based ceramics and shear bond strength of veneering porcelain. Dent Mater J. 2014; 33: 778-785.
[4]. Tzanakakis E-GC, Tzoutzas IG, Koidis PT. Is there a potential for durable adhesion to zirconia restorations? A systematic review. J Prosthet Dent. 2016; 115: 9-19.
[5]. Özcan M, Bernasconi M. Adhesion to zirconia used for dental restorations: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Adhes Dent. 2015; 17: 7-26..

Abstract: Trauma is the main cause of death in the world, so that this is categorized as a public health issue. Trauma cases are common in the young age and most productive age groups with an age range of 15-44 years (Polinder et al., 2006; Mackenzie, 2000). Trauma is one of the leading causes of death with a mortality rate of 180,000 people per year in the United States (Ciriello et al., 2013). 10% of deaths worldwide are caused by trauma (Maegel, 2010). It is estimated that by 2020, 8.4 million people will die each year due to trauma, and trauma from traffic accidents will beranked third in causing disability worldwide and ranks second in developing countries (Udeani, 2013). In Indonesia, there were 108,696 traffic accidents with 31,195 fatalities in 2011 (BPS, 2011). Based on data from the Emergency Service of Dr. Saiful Anwar General HospitalMalang, 46% of the patients were........

[1]. Central Statistic Agency, 2011. Jumlah Kecelakaan, Koban Mati, Luka Berat, Luka Ringan, dan Kerugian Materi yang DideritaTahun 1992-2011. Downloaded from: http://www.bps.go.id/tab_sub/view.php [Accessed on December 19, 2015].
[2]. Balogh, Z. J., Varga, E., Tomka, J., Toth, L. 2003. The new injury severity score is a better predictor of extended hospitalization and intensive care unit admission than the injury severity score in patients with multiple orthopaedic injuries. 17 (7): 508-12
[3]. Brunicardi F.C., Andersen D.K., Billiar T.R., Dunn D.L., Hunter J.G., Matthews J.B., and Pollock R.E. 2015.Surgical Intervention in Schwartz's Principles of Surgery Tenth Edition.McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.
[4]. Ciriello, V., Gudipati, S., Stavrou, P.Z., Kanakaris, N.K., Bellamy, M.C., et al. 2013. Biomarkers predicting sepsis in polytrauma patients: current evidence. Injury.44 (12): 1680-92
[5]. Cottrill J.G. Cheesebrough B. Nadel S,and Goldstein B. 2012.The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), Sepsis, and Septic Shock.Elsevier Ltd, Inc, BV..