iosr-JDMS   Volume-19 ~ Issue-3 ~ March 2020

Abstract: Background: Ample research is being conducted at present to tackle the global malice of oral squamous cell carcinoma. There is a need to understand the carcinogenetic process by exploring various biological markers and cells involved. Langerhans cells are antigen-presenting cells that are known to have an anti-tumorigenic role while mast cells are an inherent part of inflammatory cascade that lead to microenvironmental conditions favorable for invasion. The present study aims at analyzing the correlation between the two and understanding their role in development of carcinoma. Materials and Methods: Tissue blocks were obtained from the archives of the department consisting of histopathologically confirmed cases of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Two sections were obtained from each specimen, one of which was observed immunohistochemically for CD-1a positive Langerhans cells while the other was observed for mast cells.....

Key Word: Dendritic cells, inflammation, microinvasion, tumor microenvironment

[1]. Coelho, Ken. Challenges of the Oral Cancer Burden in India. J Can Epidemiology. 2012. 701932. 10.1155/2012/701932.
[2]. Fang J, Li X, Ma D, Liu X, Chen Y, Wang Y, Lui VW, Xia J, Cheng B, Wang Z. Prognostic significance of tumor infiltrating immune cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma. BMC cancer. 2017 Dec 1;17(1):375.
[3]. Lotze MT, Thomson AW, editors. Dendritic cells: biology and clinical applications. Elsevier; 2001:pp 314
[4]. Cutler CW, Jotwani R. Antigen‐presentation and the role of dendritic cells in periodontitis. Periodontology 2004;35(1):135-57.
[5]. Upadhyay J, Rao NN, Upadhyay RB. A comparative analysis of langerhans cell in oral epithelial dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma using antibody CD-1a. Journal of cancer research and therapeutics. 2012 Oct 1;8(4):591

Abstract: AIM: To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of maxillofacial fractures and associated fractures in patients seen in the Oral Surgery Unit of Maxillofacial trauma attached Gajraja medical college and JAH GROUP Hospital, Gwalior, Madhya PRADESH. The maxillofacial skeleton is commonly fractured due to its prominent position. The pattern of A maxillofacial fracture varies from one country to another. METHODOLOGY: A one years-month prospective study was conducted. Data collected included socio-demographic factors, type and, etiologye......

Key words: Trauma; Facial injuries; maxillofacial fractures.

[1]. R Voss. The aetiology of jaw fractures in Norwegian patients. J Maxillofac Surg 1982; 10:146-8.
[2]. DL Mwaniki, SW Guthua. Occurance and characterisics of mandibular fractures in Nairobi, Kenya. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1990;28:200-20.
[3]. Ajagbe HA, Daramola JO. Pattern of facial bone fractures seen at the university college hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. East Afr Med J. 1980;57:267-73.
[4]. Güven O. A Comparative Study on Maxillofacial Fractures in Central and Eastern Anatolia. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 1988;16:126-9.
[5]. Dongas P, Hall GM. Mandibular fracture patterns in Tasmania, ten years of mandibular fractures: An analysis of 2137 Cases. Aust Dent J. 2002;47:131-7.

Abstract: Background: Chronic renal failure is the progressive loss of function of kidney and patient requires a long treatment in the form of renal replacement therapy. Haemodialysis is one of the modalities of renal replacement management, during which the body's waste products, including creatinine, urea and excess water, are removed. The purpose of the study is to elucidate the adequacy of haemodialysis among patients with ESRD in Port Harcourt. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study involving Seventy-four ESRD patients who are undergoing haemodialysis. 5mls of blood......

Key words: Chronic renal failure, Haemodialysis, Creatinine, Urea, End-stage renal disease, Adequacy, Urea reduction ratio

[1]. Levey A S, Atkins R, Coresh J, Cohen E P, Collins A J and Eckardt K U. Chronic kidney disease as a global public health problem: Approaches and initiatives -a position statement from Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes. 2007. Kidney International; 72: 247-259
[2]. Mascha V, Rashmi K, Priyadarshi SS, et al. Comparing age wise reference intervals for serum creatinine concentration in a "reality check" of the recommended cut-off. Indian J ClinBiochem. 2006; 21: 90-94.
[3]. Eduardo OC, Kaue A, Idania AA, et al. Influence of hemodialysis on the plasma concentration of adenosine deaminase in patients with chronic kidney disease. J Bras Patol Med Lab. 2015; 51:153-157.
[4]. RusulArif AA, Haider S. A study of some biochemical changes in patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Int J CurrMicrobiol App Sci. 2014; 3: 581-586.
[5]. Noor ul A, Raja Tahir M, JavaidAsad M, et al. Evaluating urea and creatinine levels in chronic renal failure pre and post dialysis: A prospective study. J Cardiovasc Disease. 2014:2:1-5.

Abstract:Ventral hernia is defined as any protrusion through abdominal wall, with the exception of hernia through the inguinal and femoral regions. • Ventral hernia can be classified as spontaneous (primary) or acquired (secondary) or by their site on the abdominal wall. 1. Spontaneous hernias are classified as epigastric hernia, umbilical hernia, and hypogastic hernia. 2. Acquired hernias commonly occur after surgicalincisions, so they are termed incisional hernia......

[1]. Leibl BJ, Jager C, Kraft B, Swartz J, Ulrich M, Bittner R. Laparoscopic hernia repair—TAPP or/and TEP? Langenbecks Arch Surg. 2005;390:77–8. CrossRefPubMedGoogle Scholar
[2]. A novel approach using the enhanced-view totally extraperitoneal (eTEP) technique for laparoscopic retromuscular hernia repair. Igor Belyansky, Jorge Daes, Victor Gheorghe Radu, Ramana Balasubramanian, H. Reza Zahiri, Adam S. Weltz, Udai S. Sibia, Adrian Park, Yuri NovitskySurgEndosc. 2017 Sep 15 Published online 2017 Sep 15. doi: 10.1007/s00464-017-5840-2
[3]. Daes, Jorge. (2016). The Extended-View Totally Extraperitoneal (eTEP) Technique for Inguinal Hernia Repair. Hernia Surgery: Current Principles. 467-472. 10.1007/978-3-319-27470-6_45.
[4]. LeBlanc KA, Booth WV. Laparoscopic repair of incisional abdominal hernias using expanded polytetrafluoroethylene: Preliminary findings. SurgLaparoscEndosc 1993;3:39-41.
[5]. Daes J. The enhanced view-totally extraperitoneal technique for repair of inguinal hernia. SurgEndosc 2012;26:1187-9..

Abstract:Background & Objectives: Ropivacaine, a new local anaesthetic, has been recently introduced into clinical practice because of its lower toxic effects for heart and central nervous system. It has been already investigated in and local-regional techniques.evaluate the clinical efficacy of 0.5% ropivacaine for supraclavicular bronchial plexus block for upper limb surgeries and comparing it with 0.5% bupivacaine in terms of characteristics of supraclavicular blockade and side effects. Methods: The design was a prospective double blind randomized study enrolling 60 patients of either sex, ASA I and II, were randomly allocated into two groups in which supraclavicular brachial plexus block was performed using 35ml of ropivacaine......

Keywords: Ropivacaine, Bupivacaine, Supraclavicular brachial plexus block, Sensory and motor blockade

[1]. Akerman B, Helberg IB, Trossvik C. Primary evaluation of the local anaesthetic properties of amino amide agent ropivacaine (LEA 103). Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 1988;32:571-8.
[2]. Albright GA. Cardiac arrest following regional anesthesia with etidocaine or bupivacaine. Anesthesiology.1979;51:285-7.
[3]. Ana A, Pena R, Guadalupe Z, Lemus, Beatriz V, Victoria G. Clinical comparison of bupivacaine and ropivacaine for neurostimulation-guided brachial plexus block by axillary approach; Mexicana De Anetesiologia. 2009;32(1):7-13.
[4]. Bertini L, Manuni S, Tanganello V. 0.75% and 0.5% ropivacaine axillary brachial plexus block; A clinical comparison with 0.5% bupivacaine, Regional Anesthesia Pain med 1999;24:514-8.
[5]. Brown DL, Cahill DR, Bridenbaugh LD. Supraclavicular nerve block: anatomic analysis of a method to prevent pneumothorax. Anesth Analg. 1993;76:530-4..

Abstract: Introduction: Measurement of height and limb lengths has been of great interest amongst people since ages, but studying the correlation between these body dimensions is less known. Therefore, the present study was conducted to study the height, hand length and foot length and their correlation in the tribal population residing in the North-eastern part of India. Method: Adult healthy persons belonging to the tribal community residing in Naharlagun (a small town in Arunachal Pradesh) were taken, out of which 50 were males, 50 were females. After taking informed consent, the height, hand length and foot length of both sides were measured following standard protocols. The correlation......

Key words: Height, Hand length, Foot length, Tribal, North-eastern part of India

[1]. Agnihotri A, Adiilah K and Soodeen-Lalloo U (2013): Estimation of stature from fragmented human remains. Anthropol. 3(4): 1-8.
[2]. JALZEM, PF. and GLEDHILL RB. Predicting height from limb measurement. Journal of Paediatrics and Orthopaedics, 1993, 13(6):761-65.
[3]. Agnihotri AK, Shukla S, Purwar B. Determination of sex from the foot measurements. The Internet J Forensic Sci 2007: 2:1.
[4]. El-Meligy MMS, Abdel-Hady RH, Abdel-Maaboud RM, Mohamed ZT. Estimation of human body built in Egyptians. Forensic Sci Int 2006: 159:27-31.
[5]. Ozaslan A, Iscan MY, Ozaslan I, Tugcu H, Koc S. Estimation of stature from body parts. Forensic Sci Int 2003: 132:40-50..

Abstract: Aim and Objective To devise a strategy of 10 points for performing safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy, to share experience of more than 8000caseswithout any conversion to open procedure by adopting the strategy of 10 points intraoperatively and assess its effectiveness. Materials and methods We analyzed data of 8000 patients prospectively from a period of 2004 to 2017. A specific point was assigned to a specific finding intraoperatively. 3 groups were created based on these points and data were analyzed pertaining to these 3 groups. Anatomical variations, time of surgery, intraoperative complications and post op complications were plotted.....

Key words: Laparoscopic - cholecystectomy, conversion to open, Gall bladder stones, Cholelithiasis, single surgeon experience

[1]. Shea JA, Berlin JA, Bachwich DR, Staroscik RN, Malet PF, McGuckin M, Schwartz JS, Escarce JJ. Indications for and outcomes of cholecystectomy: a comparison of the pre and postlaparoscopic eras. Annals of surgery. 1998 Mar;227(3):343..
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[3]. Champault G, Cazacu F, Taffinder N (1996) Serious trocar accidentsin laparoscopic surgery: a French survey of 103,852 operations.SurgLaparoscEndosc 6:367–370
[4]. Javaid A, Bashir T, Ali M. Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Conversion Rate, Experience of a Single Surgeon over 4-year period. J Surg Surgical Res. 2017;3(2):030-3.
[5]. National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health consensus development conference statement on gallstones and laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Am J Surg. 1993;165:390-8..

Abstract: Objective: To study the epidemiological characteristics, risk factors and laboratory diagnosis of fungal corneal ulcer and treatment outcome of fungal corneal ulcer at a tertiary eye care center in the Bundelkhand Region, Uttar Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: A Prospective study of 92 culture-positive, fungal corneal ulcers out of a total 120 corneal ulcer patients attending a tertiary care hospital , Maha rani laxmi bai Medical College, Jhansi India, over a period of 18 month from March 2018 to August 2019. Results: Males (66; 55 %) were more commonly affected than females (P < .0001). The affected people were mostly (342; 85.71 %) residing in the rural.....

Key-words: Fungal corneal ulcer, epidemiology, culture, mycotic keratitis

[1]. John P. Whitcher,1 M. Srinivasan,2 & Madan P. Upadhyay.Corneal blindness: a global perspective.Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2001, 79 (3).
[2]. Erie J, Nevitt M, Hodge D et al. Incidence of ulcerative keratitis in a defined population from 1950 through 1988. Arch ophthalmol 1993, 111(12); 1665-71.
[3]. Satpathy G, Vishalakshi P.Ulcerative keratitis:Microbial profile and sensitivity pattern-a five year study.Ann Ophthalmol1995:27;301-6.
[4]. Al-Badriyeh, D., et al., Clinical utility of voriconazole eye drops in ophthalmic fungal keratitis. Clin Ophthalmol, 2010. 4: p. 391-405.
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Abstract: Myelosuppressionis a common side effect with the use of cyclophosphamide in the treatment of several malignancies. It results in anaemia, leukopenia, thromobcytopeniaand decrease in other blood parameters. This has a limiting effect on use of cyclophosphamide, as fesolate has not been able to overcome this problem. And many clinicians now result to blood transfusion to help bring the blood parameters to an acceptable level before cyclophosphamide is used. Twenty (20) Wistar rats were used for this experiment. The rats were divided into 5 groups, with 4 rats in each group. Group 1 was control; groups 2-5 were treated with 100mg/Kg of cyclophosphamide; group 3 and 4 also received 250mg/Kg and 500mg/Kg of extract, while group 5 received 400mg/Kg of fesolate......

Keywords: cyclophosphamide, myelosuppression, vitexdoniana, bone marrow, chemotherapy

[1]. Carey PJ. 2003. Drug-induced myelosuppression: diagnosis and management. Drug Saf. 26(10):691-706.
[2]. Hubbard RD, Fidanze S. 2007. Therapeutic areas II: cancer, infectious diseases, inflammation and immunology and dermatology. in Comprehensive Medicinal Chemistry II
[3]. Reynard J, Brewster S, Biers S.2003. Prostate cancer: management of advanced disease-castrate-resistant prostate cancer. Oxford handbook of urology. 3ed. Oxford university press. 358-363.
[4]. Liumbruno G, Bennardello F, Lattanzio A, Piccoli P, Rossetti G. 2009. Recommendations for the transfusion of red blood cells. Blood transfusion. 7(1). 49-64.
[5]. Ukaejiofo EO, Ghasi SI, Okwuosa CN, Neboh EE, Ufelle SA. 2011. Myelo-protective activity of aqueous and methanolic leaf extracts of vitexdoniana in cyclophosphamide-induced myelo-suppression in wistar rats. International Journal of Biological & Medical Research. 2(1): 409-414..

Abstract: Background Intracranial epidural haematoma (EDH) is one of the common causes of death and disability in patients with head injury globally.Urgent cranial computerized tomography (CT) scan is needed for the definitive diagnosis, while adequate resuscitation and prompt surgical intervention when indicated results in good neurological outcome. Objective of the Study The objective of this study was to outline the profile of intracranial epidural haematoma managed in our institution.......

Keywords: intracranial epidural haematoma, traumatic brain injury, management.

[1]. Respicious B, Edwin RL, Abel MN, Othman K. Management and outcome of traumatic brain injury patients at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute Dar es Salam, Tanzania. Pan Afr Med J. 2017;26:140
[2]. Qureshi JS, et al. Head injury triage in a sub Saharan African Urban Population. International Journal of Surgery. 2013;11:265-269
[3]. Dakurah TK, Abdullah HM, Adams F, Bannerman-Williams E, Abaidoo B. Retrospective descriptive study on Non-operative Management of Epidural Haematoma in a cohort of Patients at the Korle Bu Teaching Hospital. Clin Surg. 2017;2:1802
[4]. Muhammad I. Management of head injury at ABU Hospital, Zaria. East Afr Med J. 1990;67:447-51
[5]. Nnadi MO, Bankole OB, Fente BG. Outcome of head injury in a tertiary hospital in Niger Delta, Nigeria: A prospective study. Afr J Med Health Sci. 2014;13:51-5.

Abstract: Traumatic injuries of primary or permanent dentition can lead to certain clinical complications and its management presents a considerable challenge for apractitioner. Pulp canal obliteration (PCO) also called as calcific metamorphosis (CM) following dental trauma has been stated to be approximately 37 - 40% and commonly noticed after luxation injuries. The diagnostic status and treatment planning decision regarding PCO always remains controversial. The decision on when to start treatment of such cases, whether on early detection of PCO or to wait until detection of signs and symptoms of pulp necrosis, always remains a clinical dilemma. Following calcific metamorphosis, scouting for the canals and negotiating it to full working length may lead to iatrogenic errors such as perforations or instrument separation. This article emphasizes on protocols to be followed on diagnosing and treating PCO and challenges that are to be encountered while managing these cases.Thorough knowledge of tooth morphology, skill, patience, use of appropriate instruments and materials are essential to successfully manage such cases..

Key Words: Pulp canal obliteration, Calcific Metamorphosis, Spiral computed tomography (CT).

[1]. Anthony J. DiAngelis, Jens O. Andreasen et al. Guidelines for the Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries: 1. Fractures and Luxations of Permanent Teeth. Dental Traumatology 2012;28:2-12;
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[5]. Holcomb JB, Gregory WB Jr.Calcific metamorphosis of the pulp: Its incidence and treatment. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 1967 Dec;24(6):825-30..

Abstract:Introduction: Most of the STI patients , due to it's attached stigma, experience some degree of emotional disturbances .These have their immense influence on their personal behaviour,their intra familial relationship and also on their interactions with the surrounding society.Though emotional disturbances is a very common occurrence in STIpatients,not many studies have been conducted on it, particularly on Indian patients .
Aims and Objectives: To study the different emotional disturbances in STI patients those occur all through the sexual act and thereafter.
Materials and Methods: 200 male STI.....

Key Words: STI patients, emotional disturbances

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[3]. Gill A.R., Ravanfar P., Mendoza N., Tyring S.K. (2011) Sexual Behavior and Psychological Aspects Associated with Sexually Transmitted Infections. In: Gross G., Tyring S. (eds) Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Page 35-36
[4]. Osborn DP et al.psychiatric health in a STI clinic: effect on re attendance. J Psycho Res 2002;52:267-272..