iosr-JDMS   Volume-24 ~ Issue-8 ~ August 2025

Abstract: Summary We report the prosthodontic rehabilitation of a female patient in her 40s diagnosed with aggressive squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior maxilla (premaxilla). Surgical resection of the anterior maxillary segment was carried out to achieve oncologic clearance. A surgical obturator was fabricated preoperatively to provide immediate intraoral closure post-surgery. An interim obturator without teeth was delivered 3 months post-resection.....

[1] Aramany MA. Basic Principles Of Obturator Design For Partially Edentulous Patients. J Prosthet Dent. 1978;40(5):554–557.
[2] Jacob RF. Prosthodontic Rehabilitation Of Patients With Maxillofacial Defects. J Prosthet Dent. 2004;92(4):377–385.
[3] Beumer J, Marunick MT, Esposito SJ. Maxillofacial Rehabilitation: Prosthodontic And Surgical Considerations. 3rd Ed. Quintessence Publishing; 2011.
[4] Habib SR, Drage NA, Thomas S. Surgical Obturator Prosthesis For Immediate Post-Maxillectomy Rehabilitation: Clinical Tips. Br Dent J. 2010;209(8):353–356.
[5] Keyf F. Obturator Prostheses For Hemimaxillectomy Patients. J Oral Rehabil. 2001;28(9):821–829

Abstract: Objective(s): This study aimed to evaluate and compare the effects of three different root-end preparation techniques—ultrasonic tips, diamond burs, and carbide burs—on microcrack formation and marginal adaptation, using Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) and Biodentine as retrograde filling materials by SEM.
Materials and Methods: 120 Extracted human teeth were endodontically treated and resected apically. Root-end cavities were prepared using ultrasonic tips, diamond burs, or carbide burs, and retro filled with either MTA or Biodentine. Samples.....

Keywords: Root-end preparation, Ultrasonic, MTA, Biodentine, Microcracks, Marginal adaptation, Endodontic surgery

[1] Galhotra V, Sofat A, Pandit I, Gambhir RS, Srivastava N, Gugnani N, Et Al. Comparative Evaluation Of Microleakage Of Various Retrograde Filling Materials: An In Vitro Study. J Nat Sci, Biol Med. 2013;4(2):403–8. Doi:10.4103/0976-9668.117014.
[2] Khandelwal A, Karthik J. Sealing Ability Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate And Biodentine As The Root End Filling Material, Using Two Different Retro Preparation Techniques - An In Vitro Study. Int J Contemp Dent Med Rev. 2015;.
[3] Comparative Investigation Of Marginal Adaptation Of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate And Other Commonly Used Root-End Filling Materials Mahmoud Torabinejad, DMD, MSD, Petra Wilder Smith, BDS, LDS, Drmeddent, James D. Kettering, Phd, And Thomas R. Pitt Ford, BDS, Phd[4] Ultrasonic Root-End Preparation Part 1. SEM Analysis ]. L. GUTMANN*, W. P. SAUNDERS^ L. NGUYEN*, I. Y. GUO* & E. M. SAUNDERS*
[5] Microsurgical Instruments For Root-End Cavity Preparation Following Apicoectomy: A Literature Review Von Arx T, Walker WA. Microsurgical Instruments For Root-End T. Von Arx1

Abstract: Background: Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) remains a vital diagnostic tool for breast lesions in resource-limited settings due to its simplicity, affordability, and diagnostic value. The International Academy of Cytology (IAC) Yokohama System provides a standardized reporting framework, enhancing the diagnostic reliability of FNAC. This study evaluates the diagnostic accuracy of FNAC using the IAC Yokohama System in a peripheral tertiary care center in Eastern India.
Methods: A prospective observational.......

Keywords: FNAC, Yokohama, Breast

[1] Ducatman BS, Wang HH. Cytology Of Breast Lesions. Clin Lab Med. 2014;34(1):113–25.
[2] Field AS. Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy Of The Breast: Current Perspective. Pathology. 2016;48(4):316–24.
[3] Dong F, Yang Z, Li M, Wang Y. Accuracy Of Ultrasound-Guided Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy For Breast Lesions. J Ultrasound Med. 2016;35(11):2393–400.
[4] Farras Roca JA, Vila Costas JJ, Et Al. Diagnostic Accuracy Of FNAC In Breast Tumors. Eur J Gynaecol Oncol. 2017;38(6):889–92.
[5] Lieske B, Ravichandran D, Wright D. Role Of Core Biopsy In The Diagnosis Of Screen-Detected Breast Cancer. Breast. 2006;15(1):52–9.

Abstract: Background: Globally, primary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. Its primary cause is still uterine atony, and to avoid potentially fatal consequences, prompt intervention is essential. Aim: To compare the effectiveness and safety profile of Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation (BUAL) and B-Lynch sutures in controlling......

Key Word: Postpartum haemorrhage, Bilateral uterine artery ligation, B-Lynch suture, Caesarean section, Uterine atony..

[1] World Health Organization, UNICEF. Trends In Maternal Mortality: 1990 To 2020. Geneva: WHO; 2021.
[2] Carroli G, Cuesta C, Abalos E, Gulmezoglu AM. Epidemiology Of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A Systematic Review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2008;22(6):999–1012.
[3] Krishna H, Chava M, Jasmine N, Shetty N. Patients With Postpartum Haemorrhage Admitted In Intensive Care Unit: Patient Condition, Interventions, And Outcome. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol. 2011;27(2):192–4.
[4] Abo Zaid MA, Hagras AM, Hefeda MM, Hwidy MS. Effect Of Bilateral Uterine Artery Ligation In Cases Of Postpartum Haemorrhage On Ovarian Reserve. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2023;12(2):335–40.
[5] Atin H, Shyamapada P. Uterine And Ovarian Arteries Ligation: A Safe Technique To Control Postpartum Haemorrhage During Caesarean Section. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2008;58(4):319–21

Abstract: Medical education is undergoing significant reforms to meet the changing needs of health and social care delivery systems. This article examines the need for change in medical education and explores various strategies to improve curriculum design, technology integration, cultural competency, faculty development, assessment, and global cooperation. The current state of medical education is characterised by traditional, time-based curricula and may not adequately equip students for the complexities of modern healthcare practice. Factors driving the need for reform include technological....

Key Word: Medical Education, Curriculum Reform, Professionalism, Well-being, Competency-based Education

[1] Skochelak SE. A Decade Of Reports Calling For Change In Medical Education: What Do They Say? Acad Med. 2010 Sep;85(9 Suppl):S26-33. Doi: 10.1097/ACM.0b013e3181f1323f. PMID: 20736563.
[2] Boelen C. Prospects For Change In Medical Education In The Twenty-First Century. Acad Med. 1995 Jul;70(7 Suppl):S21-8; Discussion S29-31. Doi: 10.1097/00001888-199507000-00017. PMID: 7626157.
[3] Swanson AG, Anderson MB. Educating Medical Students. Assessing Change In Medical Education--The Road To Implementation. Acad Med. 1993 Jun;68(6 Suppl):S1-46. Doi: 10.1097/00001888-199306000-00014. PMID: 8507321.
[4] Fox RD, Bennett NL. Learning And Change: Implications For Continuing Medical Education. BMJ. 1998 Feb 7;316(7129):466-8. Doi: 10.1136/Bmj.316.7129.466. PMID: 9492684; PMCID: PMC2665605.
[5] Maximilian LB .Medical Education Today: All That Glitters Is Not Gold. BMC Medical Education (2019) 19:110
Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S12909-019-1535-9

Abstract: In India, tongue cancer constitutes 30% of oral malignancies, with rising incidence among younger populations. Surgical resection remains the cornerstone of treatment, necessitating functional reconstruction to restore speech, swallowing, and airway protection. This review aims to review surgical resection options for tongue OSCC, and compare reconstructive options accordingly with an emphasis on the functional outcomes and technical considerations.

Key Word: Glossectomy; Tongue Cancer; Reconstruction; Flaps

[1]. Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Et Al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates Of Incidence And Mortality Worldwide. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209‑49.
[2]. Warnakulasuriya S. Global Epidemiology Of Oral And Oropharyngeal Cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:309‑16.
[3]. Sharma JD, Et Al. Pattern Of Oral Cavity Cancers In India. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2022;80:174‑83.
[4]. ICMR-NCRP. National Cancer Registry Programme Report. Bengaluru: ICMR; 2023.
[5]. Gupta B, Johnson NW, Kumar N. Global Epidemiology Of Head And Neck Cancers: A Continuing Challenge. Oncology. 2016;91:13‑23

Abstract: Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome (BDCS) is a rare autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by skin and hair abnormalities, including multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs), palmoplantar keratoderma, follicular papules, and alopecia.1 Mutations in the ACTRT1 gene are implicated in its pathogenesis, although the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The disorder’s clinical features often manifest early, with skin cancers primarily appearing on sun-exposed areas, posing significant risks for metastasis....

Key Word: Bazex-Dupré-Christol syndrome, basal cell carcinoma, ACTRT1 gene, palmoplantar keratoderma, follicular papules, alopecia, genetic disorder, dermatology, skin cancer, surveillance, genetic counseling

[1] Gambichler T, Hoffjan S, Altmeyer P, Bechara FG. A Case Of Sporadic Bazex–Dupré–Christol Syndrome Presenting With Scarring Folliculitis Of The Scalp. Br J Dermatol. 2007;156(1):184-186.
[2] Alsabbagh MM, Baqi MA. Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome: Review Of Clinical And Molecular Aspects. Int J Dermatol. 2018;57(9):1102-6
[3] Park HS, Papanastasi E, Blanchard G, Chiticariu E, Bachmann D, Plomann M, Et Al. ARP-T1-Associated Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome Is An Inherited Basal Cell Cancer With Ciliary Defects Characteristic Of Ciliopathies. Commun Biol. 2021;4(1):544.
[4] Kidd A, Carson L, Gregory DW, De Silva D, Holmes J, Dean JC, Haites N. A Scottish Family With Bazex-Dupré-Christol Syndrome: Follicular Atrophoderma, Congenital Hypotrichosis, And Basal Cell Carcinoma. J Med Genet. 1996;33(6):493-7.

Abstract: Developmental venous anomalies (DVAs), also referred to as venous angiomas, represent congenital variants of cerebral venous drainage and account for up to 60% of all cerebral vascular malformations [1]. They are usually discovered incidentally during neuroimaging performed for unrelated reasons. Histologically, DVAs are characterized by dilated medullary veins converging into a central collector vein, which drains into either superficial or deep venous systems

[1] San Millán Ruíz D, Et Al. The Developmental Venous Anomaly: A Benign Entity With A Potential For Hemorrhage? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2002;23(3):450–456.
[2] Lee C, Et Al. Cerebellar Developmental Venous Anomalies: MR Findings In 10 Cases. Neuroradiology. 1996;38(6):546–550.
[3] Rigamonti D, Et Al. The Natural History Of Developmental Venous Anomalies. Radiology. 1989;172(2):433–435.
[4] Lasjaunias P, Et Al. Developmental Venous Anomalies (DVA): Benign Venous Lesions With A Potential For Hemorrhage. Neuroradiology. 2000;42(9):505–512.
[5] Kwon BJ, Et Al. Cerebellar Developmental Venous Anomalies: Imaging Features And Clinical Significance. Eur Radiol. 2007;17(6):1495–1503.

Abstract: Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS) is the second most common peripheral nerve entrapment neuropathy after carpal tunnel syndrome, resulting from compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. It typically presents with paresthesia in the ulnar nerve distribution and, in advanced cases, motor weakness. We report the case of a 45-year-old man with numbness of the ring and little fingers of the right hand, diagnosed with cubital tunnel syndrome. Clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, and management are discussed, along with a review of similar cases in the literature.

Key Word: Cubital tunnel syndrome (CuTS), ulnar nerve entrapment, peripheral neuropathy, elbow, nerve conduction studies.

[1] Bartels RH, Verhagen WI. Prognostic Factors Of Ulnar Neuropathy At The Elbow: A Review. Muscle Nerve. 2004;30(5): 574–587.
[2] Palmer BA, Hughes TB. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. J Hand Surg Am. 2010;35(1):153–163.
[3] Cutts S. Cubital Tunnel Syndrome. Postgrad Med J. 2007;83(975):28–31.
[4] Mowlavi A, Et Al. The Management Of Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis Of Clinical Studies. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2000;106(2):327–334.
[5] Apfel E, Et Al. Ulnar Nerve Compression At The Elbow. J Hand Surg Eur Vol. 2012;37(4):327–333.

Abstract: Background: The human oral cavity harbors diverse communities of microbes that live as biofilms: highly ordered, surface-associated assemblages of microbes embedded in an extracellular matrix. Oral microbial communities contribute to human health by fine-tuning immune responses and reducing dietary nitrate. Dental caries and periodontal disease are together the most prevalent microbially mediated human diseases, worldwide......

Key Word: microbes, dental caries, periodontal disease.

[1]. Dewhirst FE, Chen T, Izard J, Paster BJ, Tanner ACR, Yu W-H, Et Al., The Human Oral Microbiome, J. Bacteriol 2010, 5002–5017. Doi:10.1128/JB.00542-10. [Pubmed: 20656903]
[2]. Aas JA, Paster BJ, Stokes LN, Olsen I, Dewhirst FE, Defining The Normal Bacterial Flora Of The Oral Cavity, J. Clin. Microbiol 2005, 5721–5732. Doi:10.1128/JCM.43.11.5721-5732.2005. [Pubmed: 16272510]
[3]. Human Microbiome Project Consortium, Structure, Function And Diversity Of The Healthy Human Microbiome, Nature 2012, 207–214. Doi:10.1038/Nature11234. [Pubmed: 22699609]
[4]. Lamont RJ, Koo H, Hajishengallis G, The Oral Microbiota: Dynamic Communities And Host Interactions, Nat. Rev. Microbiol 2018, 745–759. Doi:10.1038/S41579-018-0089-X. [Pubmed: 30301974]

Abstract: Background: Placental disorders such as preeclampsia, placenta accreta spectrum (PAS), and fetal growth restriction (FGR) contribute significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Traditional two-dimensional (2D) ultrasound has limited sensitivity for early detection. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound with power Doppler volumetric analysis offers enhanced assessment of placental morphology and vascularity. Objective: To evaluate the diagnostic performance of 3D ultrasound and power Doppler vascular indices—vascularization index (VI), flow index (FI), and vascularization........

[1] Rottem S, Kloiber SF, Et Al. Three-Dimensional Power Doppler Sonography In Pregnancies Complicated By Preeclampsia. J Clin Ultrasound. 1995;23(1):23–26.
[2] Kupesic S, Kurjak A. Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging In The Assessment Of Fetal Growth Restriction. Perinat Med. 2001;29(3):164–175.
[3] Thilaganathan B, Kalafat E. Volumetric And Vascular Placental Assessment: Early Predictors Of Adverse Outcome. BMJ. 2010;341:C3443.
[4] Rizzo G, Capponi A, Et Al. First-Trimester Three-Dimensional Placental Vascular Indices: Predictive Value For Preeclampsia. Prenat Diagn. 2013;33(5):454–459.
[5] Youssef A, Eltayeb A, Et Al. Placental Vascularization Flow Index In Fetal Growth Restriction. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2020;56(5):661–668.

Abstract: Objective: To evaluate the role of high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) in the diagnosis and assessment of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) and its complications. Methods: This prospective observational study included 82 patients with CSOM referred for HRCT evaluation. All patients underwent HRCT scanning of the temporal bone. HRCT findings were analyzed and compared with intraoperative findings where applicable. Results: The study population had a mean age of 35.8 years, with a male predominance (57.3%). The most common presenting symptoms were ear ache (85.4%) and otorrhea (82.9%).........

Key Word: Chronic suppurative otitis media, High-resolution computed tomography, Cholesteatoma, Ossicular erosion, Temporal bone, Mastoid, Middle ear.

[1] Wintermeyer SM, Nahata MC. Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media. Ann Pharmacother 1994;28:1089-99.
[2] Shah CP, Shah PC, Shah SD. Role Of HRCT Temporal Bone In Pre-Operative Evaluation Of Cholesteatoma. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2014;3:69-72.
[3] Niveditha J, Chidananda R. Clinical Study Of Correlation Between Preoperative Findings Of HRCT With Intra-Operative Findings Of Cholesteatoma In Cases Of CSOM. Indian J Anat Surg Head Neck Brain 2017;3:1-5.
[4] Schilder AG, Chonmaitree T, Cripps AW, Rosenfeld RM, Casselbrant ML, Haggard MP, Venekamp RP. Otitis Media. Nat Rev Dis Primers. 2016 Sep 8;2(1):16063. Doi: 10.1038/Nrdp.2016.63. PMID: 27604644; PMCID: PMC7097351
[5] Vaidya V, Soni H, Ghugare B, Et Al. Study Of Radiological Findings In High Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) Temporal Bone In Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM): A Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study. Int J Res Med 2016;5:146-50.

Abstract: Introduction- The mouth or oral cavity is known as a mirror of the body or disease and hence considered as early warning system. As the gateway to the body, there is constant ingress of various micro-organisms like bacteria, viruses, parasites, and fungi which challenges the mouth. There are many oral lesions which are associated with systemic diseases and thus early detection of these lesions helps in early diagnosis of systemic disease. If it is ignored, it can contribute to more harmful diseases which can seriously affect the quality of life. American academy of pediatric dentistry (AAPD) recommends that general health care providers including the pediatricians must include the preventive oral health strategies in their patient care protocols.

Key Word: Knowledge, attitude, pediatric dentistry, general practitioners.

[1] Mcdonald RE, Avery DR, Dean JA, Ed. Treatment Of Deep Caries, Vital Pulp Exposure And Pulpless Teeth. In: Dentistry For The Child And Adolescent. 8th Ed., St. Louis: Mosby Elsevier; 2007. P. 396.
[2] Patil A, Chavan S, Baghele ON. Awareness Of Oral Health Among Medical Practitioners In Sangamner City — A Cross Sectional Survey. JIDA 2010;4(12):534–536.
[3] Long RG, Hlousek L, Doyle JL (1998) Oral Manifestations Of Systemic Diseases. Mt Sinai J Med 65: 309-315.
[4] Cheraskin E (1958) Oral Manifestations Of Systemic Diseases. J Natl Med Assoc 50: 241-247.
[5] Goyal A, Grover A, Gauba K, Gupta A, Mehta N, Dutta S, Et Al. A Community-Based Pragmatic, Controlled Trial For Preventing And Reducing Oral Diseases Among 1–6-Year-Old Children Visiting Anganwadi Centers, Under The Integrated Child Development Scheme, India. BMC Public Health 2019;19:1626.

Abstract: Background: Dental implant–supported overdentures enhance retention, function, and patient satisfaction in edentulous individuals. One of the most debated aspects of treatment planning is the timing of implant loading—immediate loading (IL) within 48 hours versus delayed loading (DL) after 3–6 months. In addition, attachment systems such as locator, bar, magnetic, and screw-retained designs may influence peri-implant health by affecting force distribution, plaque accumulation, and tissue response.........

Key Word: Implant-supported overdenture, immediate loading, delayed loading, attachment type, marginal bone loss, peri-implant health.

[1] Feine JS, Carlsson GE, Awad MA, Chehade A, Duncan WJ, Gizani S, Et Al. The Mcgill Consensus Statement On Overdentures. Mandibular Two-Implant Overdentures As First Choice Standard Of Care For Edentulous Patients. Gerodontology. 2002;19(1):3-4.
[2] Sanz-Sánchez I, Figuero E, Fernández-Robredo P, Et Al. Clinical Efficacy Of Immediate Implant Loading Protocols Compared To Conventional Loading Depending On The Type Of Restoration: A Systematic Review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2015 Nov;26(11):1242-1255.
[3] Esposito M, Grusovin MG, Maghaireh H, Worthington HV. Interventions For Replacing Missing Teeth: Different Times For Loading Dental Implants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013 Mar 28;(3):CD003878
[4] Mericske-Stern R, Stoeckli M, Hämmerle CH. The Effect Of Different Attachment Systems On Marginal Bone Loss And Peri-Implant Health In Implant-Supported Overdentures: A Systematic Review. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2000;11(5):447-455. Doi:10.1034/J.1600-0501.2000.011005447.
[5] Geckili O, Eraslan O, Ozcelik TB, Mumcu E, Usumez A. Comparison Of Implant-Retained Overdentures With Different Attachment Systems On Peri-Implant Health And Marginal Bone Loss. J Prosthodont. 2015 Sep;24(6):463-468. Doi:10.1111/Jopr.12213.

Abstract: Children's dental anxiety is a possible issue for patient care in pediatric dentistry. Assessing dental anxiety in pediatric patients during their initial visit not only facilitates effective management but also helps identify those requiring specialized care to address their fears..Aim and Objectives:This study aims to verify a newly developed Animated Emoji Scale (AES), Chotta Bheem–Chutki (CBC) pictorial scale and compare it with Venham’s pictorial scale (VPS) and facial image scale (FIS). Fourty healthy children aged 4–12 years are randomly selected from hospital outpatient department......

Key Word: Anxiety Scale, Children, Paediatric Dentistry.

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Abstract: Background: HIV and hepatitis B (HBV) remain major public-health challenges. Understanding population knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) is essential for effective prevention. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional online survey among adults (≥18 y) across Kashmir (Google Form). The questionnaire covered awareness, transmission, prevention, attitudes, and practices for HIV/HBV, plus socio-demographics. Data were analyzed as proportions with 95% CIs; multi-select items were split into option-level percentages......

Key Word: HIV; Hepatitis B; Health literacy; Awareness; Kashmir

1. Have you heard of HIV
2. How is HIV transmitted (select all that apply)
3. Can HIV be prevented?
4. how can HIV be prevented (select all that apply)
5. What is difference between HIV and AIDS?