iosr-JPBS   Volume-9 ~ Issue-3 ~ May-June 2014

[1]. Alozie JI and Anosike J (2004): Prevalence of urinary Schistosomiasis in BendelLocal GovernmentArea ofAbia State, Nigeria. Animal Research International. (2004) 1(2): 77.
[2]. Bassey, SE (1988): The epidemiology of Schistosomiasis in the Kano Irrigation Project Area, Kano State.M.sc Theses, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria.
[3]. Betterton C, Ndifon GT, Bassey SE, Tan RM and Oyeyi, T (1988): Schistosomiasis in Kano State, Nigeria. I. Human infections near dam sites and the distribution and habitat preferences of potentialsnail intermediate hosts, Annals of Tropical Medicine and,parasitology,77: 143-149.

[4]. Bichi,, A. H., Taram, H. and Mukhtar, M. D. (2003): Incidence of S. haematobium and S. mansoni in Bichi General Hospital, Kano State.Africa Journal of Material and Science, Vol. 3, No. 2. 2003
[5]. Chitsulo L, Engels D, Montresor A, Savioli L (2000): The global status of Schistosomiasis and its control. Acta Trop, 2000, 77(1):41-51.

[1]. Paperna, I. Parasites, infections and diseases of fishes in Africa: An update. CIFA Technical Paper.31, 1996, 157 – 170.
[2]. Khalil, L. F., and Polling, L. Check list of the Helminthes parasites of African Freshwater Fishes (University of the North, Republic of South Africa 1997).
[3]. Eyo, A. A, and Olatunde, A. A.. Protein and amino acid requirements of fish with particular reference to species cultured in Nigeria. In: Fish Nutrition and Fish Feed Technology (Ed.) Fisheries Society of Nigeria (FISON) Lagos, Nigeria. 2001, 58 - 71.
[4]. Ovie, S. I, and Ovie, S. O. Fish larval rearing: the effect of pure/mixed Zooplankton and artificial diet on the growth and survival of Clarias anguillaris (Linnaeus,1758) larvae. J. Aquat. Sci. 17 (1), 2002, 67-73.

[5]. Olofintoye, L. K. Parasitofauna in some freshwater fish species in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Pakistan Journal of Nutrition. 5(4) 2006, 359 – 362.

[1]. Thomas VI (1986) More on dexamethasone induced perineal irritation. N Engl J med 314: 1643-1644.
[2]. Neff SP, Stapelberg E, Warmington A Excruciating perineal pain after intravenous dexamethasone. Anaesth Intensive Care 2002 30: 370-371.
[3]. Singh et al., Intravenous Dexamethasone Causes Perineal Pain and Pruritis, J Anesthe Clinic Res 2011.
[4]. Young, D.B., and T.E. Jackson.. Effects of aldosterone on potassium distribution. Am. J. Physiol. 243(Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 12) 1982:R526-R530.
[5]. El Mernissi, G., and A. Doucet. Short-term effects of aldosterone on renal sodium transport and tubular Na-K-ATPase in the rat. Pfltigers Arch 1983, 399:139-146.

[1]. Anjali Singh, A Bhagyalaxmi, (2010). Parasitological observations on seasonality and prevalence of malaria in ahmedabad district through idsp. Indian J. Prev. Soc. Med. Vol. 41 No.3 & 4.
[2]. Ayanlade, A., Adeoye, N. O., & Babatimehin, O. (2010). Climate change /variability and malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa: A case of Nigeria. Report of the Royal Norwegian Society of sciences and Letters 250pp.
[3]. Enosolease, M. E., & Awodu, O. A. (2003). Seasonal variation of malaria parasitaemia in an Urban Tropical. City. Nigeria. J. Clin. Pract. 6 (1), 30-33.
[4]. Federal Ministry of Health. (1991). Malaria in Nigeria Epidemiology and control, Nig. Bull. Epid, 1 (3), 1-19.
[5]. Gadzama, N .M. (1983). Mosquito Vectors of the Sahel savanna and environmental development. Annals. Of Borno, 1, 99-104.

[1]. Al-Mudhaffar S. and Al-Samarai I.H. 2001. "Evaluation of immunoglobulins, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in breast tumor patients". Nat. J. Chem., 2: pp.315-329
[2]. Bacchus R., Kilshaw B.H., Madkour M., Al-Bassam M.S. and Al-Farhan C.B. 1980. "Preliminary student on a reference range for Saudi Arabian males: (1) serum uric acid". Saudi Med. J., 1(3): pp.160-162.
[3]. Bain, C., Willet, W., Rosner, B., (1981). Early age at first birth and decreased risk of breast cancer. Am. J. Epidemiol., 114 : 705-709. Bottiger
[4]. Baselga J, Norton L, Albanell J, and Kim YM, Mendel- sohn J: Recombinant humanized anti-HER2 anti- body (Herceptin) enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel and doxorubicin against HER2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Res 1998; 58:2825-2831.
[5]. Beresford MJ, Burcombe R, Ah-See ML, Stott D, Makris A: Pre-treatment haemoglobin levels and the prediction of response to neoadjuvantchemot- herapy in breast cancer. Clin Oncol (R CollRadi- ol) 2006; 18:453-458

[1]. Goyal, M. and Mathur, R. Antimicrobial potential and Phytochemical analysis of plant extracts of Calotropis procera. Int.J.of DrugDiscovery and Herbal Research, 2011; 1(3):138-143.
[2]. Evans WC. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy. Saunders an Imprint of Elsevier; 2005; 41–7.
[3]. Alikhan I, Khanum A. Medicinal and Aromatic Plants of India. Ukaaz Publication; 2005; 133–134.
[4]. Raghubir R, Rasik M, Gupta AJ. Healing potential of Calotropis procera on dermal wounds in guinea pigs. J Ethnopharmacol. 1999; 68:261–266.
[5]. Chase CR, Pratt R. Fluorescence of powdered vegetable drugs with particular reference to development of a system of identification. Am Pharm Assoc. 1949; 38:324–331.

[1]. Berthe Katrine, Fiil, Jin-Long Qiu1, Klaus Petersen, Morten Petersen and John Mundy. Coimmunoprecipitation (co-IP) of Nuclear Proteins and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) from Arabidopsis. [2]. Kerppola TK. 2008. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation: visualization of molecular interactions in living cells.
[3]. Pellegrini, M. et al. Assigning protein functions by comparative genome analysis: Protein phylogenetic profiles. PNAS, 96:4285–4288, 1999.
[4]. Marcotte, E.M. et al. Detecting Protein Function and Protein-Protein Interactions from Genome Sequences. Science, 285:751–753, 1999.
[5]. Marcotte, E.M. et al. Detecting Protein Function and Protein-Protein Interactions from Genome Sequences. Nature, 402:83–86, 1999.

[1] Baumargata, T. (1963). Biochemistry of Saponins and phonelic compounds. Journal of Biochemistry, 15: 1332 – 1335.
[2] Blake, C. (2005). Vitamins and other Nutrients. In: Horwitz, W. and Latimer, G. (Editorials), Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International. 18th edition. USA: 1-57.
[3] Champer, C. P., Harvey, R. A. and Fernior, D. R. (2005). Biochemistry: Lippincotts Illustrated Reviews, Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers Ltd.
[4] Cushnie, T. P. and Lamb, A. J. (2005). Antimicrobial activity of flavonoids. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents. 26(5): 343-356.
[5] Ejiofor, M. A. N. (1994). Nutritional value of Ogbono (Irvigna gabonesis var. excelsa). Proceedings of the ICRAF-IITA Conference on Irvigna gabonesis, Ibadan, Nigeria. May 20, 1994,

[1] Akanji, M. A., Olagoke, O. A., Ipinmoye, T. I. and Oloyede, O. B. (1996). Effect of Chronic Consumption of Metasulphite on the Activities of Some Enzymes in Selected Tissues of Rays. Nigerian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 11: 11 -15.
[2] Barbara, H. and Daniel, M. (2005). Basic Medical Laboratory Techniques, 5th edition. Butherworth Publishers, London.
[3] Bhaynagar, V. K., Saigal, S., Khemani, L. D. and Malviya, A. N. (1982). Survey among Workers in Pesticide Factories. Toxicology. 10: 129-132.
[4] Bohmont, B. L. (1990). The Students' Pesticide Users Guide. 8th edition. Prentice-Hall inc, London, 170-221.
[5] Burtis, C. A. and Ashwood, E. R. (2003). TIETZ Fundamentals of Clinical Chemistry, 5th edition. Elsevier, New Delhi, India.
[6] Carson, R. (1962). Silent Spring. Pesticides, 9: 10-15

[1] Noumi.E..Fozi,F.L2003.Ethnomedical Botany of epilepsy treatment in Fongo-Tongo village,Western Province,Cameroon.Pharm.Biol.41 (5):330-339
[2] Djami, A.T., Asongalem, E.A., Nana, P., Choumessi, A., Kamtchouing, P., Asonganyi, T. (2011). Subacute toxicty study of aqueous extract from Acanthus montanus. Electronic Journal of Biology. l7(1): 11-15
[3] Okoli,C.O., Akah, P.A., Onuoha, N.J., Okoye, T.C., Nwoye, A.C., Nwosu, C.S.(2008). Acanthus montanus: an experimental evaluation of the antimicrobial, anti-inflamatory and immunological properties of a traditional remedy for furuncles. BMC Compl. And Alter. Med.,1(8):27
[4] Olufunmilayo, O.A., Steve, O.O., Orowo, O. (2004). The analgesic effect of the methanolic extract of Acanthus montanus. Journal of Ethnopharmacology 90(1):45-48.
[5] Asongalem, E.A., Nana, P., Foyet, H.S., Dimo, T., Kamtchouing, P.(2008). Antifertility and Fetotoxic activities of Acanthus montanus aqueous extract in Wistar rats. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 116(2) 228-33.

[1]. Daniel, S.F., Norman, R.F., 2001. The value of plants used in traditional medicine for drug discovery. Environ. Health Perspect. 109, 69-75.
[2]. Essawi, T., Srour, M., 2000. Screening of some Palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. J. Ethnopharmacol. 70, 343-349.
[3]. Krishnaraju, A.V., Rao, T.V.N., Sundararaju, D., Vanisree, M., Tsay, H.S., Subbaraju, G.V., 2005. Assessment of bioactivity of Indian medicinal plants using brine shrimp (Artemia salina) lethality assay. Int. J. Appl. Sci. Eng. 3, 125-134.
[4]. Aarthi, N., Murugan, K., 2010. Larvicidal and smoke repellent activities of Spathodea campanulata P. Beauv. Against the malarial vector Anopheles Stephensi LIS (Diptera:Culicidae). J. Phytol. 2, 61-69.
[5]. Holder, P.W., Brown, G., Bullians, M., 1999. The mosquitoes of New Zealand and their animal disease significance. Surveillance. 26(4), 12-15.

[1]. Cumashi, A., et al., A comparative study of the anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antiangiogenic, and antiadhesive activities of nine different fucoidans from brown seaweeds. Glycobiology, 2007. 17(5): p. 541-552.
[2]. Fitton, J.H., Therapies from fucoidan; multifunctional marine polymers. Marine drugs. 9(10): p. 1731-1760.
[3]. Ye, J., et al., Enzyme-digested fucoidan extracts derived from seaweed Mozuku of Cladosiphon novae-caledoniae kylin inhibit invasion and angiogenesis of tumor cells. Cytotechnology, 2005. 47(1-3): p. 117-126.
[4]. Ermakova, S., et al., Fucoidans from brown seaweeds Sargassum hornery, Eclonia cava, Costaria costata: structural characteristics and anticancer activity. Applied biochemistry and biotechnology. 164(6): p. 841-850.
[5]. Hu, W. and J.J. Kavanagh, Anticancer therapy targeting the apoptotic pathway. The lancet oncology, 2003. 4(12): p. 721-729.
[6]. Martin, K. and J. Barrett, Reactive oxygen species as double-edged swords in cellular processes: low-dose cell signaling versus high-dose toxicity. Human & experimental toxicology, 2002. 21(2): p. 71-75.

[1]. Ali, B. A. (2003): Genetics similarity among four breeds of sheep in Egypt detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA markers, Afr. J. Biotechnol., 2 (7): 194 –197.
[2]. Ambak, M. A.; Bolong, A. A.; Ismail, P. and MinhTam, B. (2006): Genetic variation of Snakehead fish (Channa striata) populations using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA. Biotechnology, 5: 104-110. [3]. Asma, A. N. (1999): Genetic variation between and within three varieties and domesticated Tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) using RADP markers. M.Sc Thesis, Univ. Putra Malaysia.
[4]. Atienzar, F. A. and Jha, A. N. (2006): The random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) assay and related techniques applied to genotoxicity and carcinogenesis studies: A critical review. Mutat. Res., 613(2-3):76-102.
[5]. Bardakci, F. (2001): Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers. Turk. J. Biol., 25: 185-196.