IOSR-JAP   Volume-17 ~ Issue-3 ~ May – Jun. 2025

ABSTRACT: This study reports the synthesis and characterization of the multimetallic nanocomposite MnxFeyTiz via urea-assisted solution combustion synthesis. Stoichiometric amounts of FeCl3·6H2O, MnCl2·4H2O and TiO2 were used as precursors, with urea acting as both fuel and complexing agent. The precursor mixture was thermally ignited at 300–400 °C in air and subsequently calcined at 800 °C and 1000 °C. Structural and morphological characterizations were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy......

Keywords: Multimetallic nanocomposite, Urea-assisted combustion synthesis, Spinel and perovskite, Structural and morphological characterization, Applications in magnetic and electronic devices

[1] LI, Hualin Et Al. Ti-Doped, Mn-Based Polyanionic Compounds Of Na4Fe1. 2Mn1. 8 (PO4) 2P2O7 For Sodium-Ion Battery Cathode. Nanomaterials, V. 15, N. 8, P. 581, 2025.
[2] MANSUROV, Z. A.; HASHAMI, Muhammad. Synthesis Of Co3O4 Nps By Solution Combustion Synthesis (SCS) And Their Structure Morphology: A Mini Review. Горение И Плазмохимия, V. 23, N. 1, P. 53-62, 2025.
[3] REDDY, Machireddy Narendra; SEKHAR, Yellatur Chandra; SARMA, Loka Subramanyam. Facile Electrooxidation Of Urea On Nickel/Metal Oxide Nanocomposites In Alkaline Media. Materials Science And Engineering: B, V. 311, P. 117785, 2025.
[4] SONI, Palak; PAL, Bonamali; DAS, Raj Kumar. Β-Cyclodextrin And Reduced Graphene Oxide Loaded Ag–Tio 2 Composites For Enhanced Photocatalytic Oxidation Of Urea Under Sunlight. Nanoscale Advances, 2025.
[5] WANG, Ruifeng Et Al. Boosting Synergistic Catalysis C–N Coupling Via Stabilizing Close Zn/Ti Bimetallic Sites For Electrocatalytic Urea Synthesis From CO2 And Nitrite. ACS Catalysis, V. 15, P. 2703-2714, 2025.

ABSTRACT: Heavy metal contamination in surface waters is a significant global concern, particularly because people often settle near accessible water sources like lakes. This study examined the concentrations of heavy metals in water from selected locations along the shores of Lake Turkana and Turkwel River using Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (MPAES). In Lake Turkana, arsenic had the highest overall average concentration (0.756 mg/l) while Cd had the lowest (0.013mg/l) while in River Turkwel Zn had the highest average concentration (0.847 mg/l) with Cr being lowest (0.012mg/l). The Metal Contamination Index (MCI) in both the Lake and the River water was 0.001, while the corresponding Heavy metal Evaluation Indices (HEI) were 94.171 and 93.626 respectively. Concentrations of Cd, Ni, As, Pb and Cr were higher in the current study compared to the WHO recommended levels for drinking water.

Keywords: Heavy metals, concentration, water quality, Kenya.

[1] Şener, E.; Şener, Ş.; Bulut, C. Assessment Of Heavy Metal Pollution And Quality In Lake Water And Sediment By Various Index Methods And GIS: A Case Study In Beyşehir Lake, Turkey. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 2023, 192, 115101.
[2] Ojekunle, O. Z.; Ojekunle, O. V.; Adeyemi, A. A.; Taiwo, A. G.; Sangowusi, O. R.; Taiwo, A. M.; Adekitan, A. A. Evaluation Of Surface Water Quality Indices And Ecological Risk Assessment For Heavy Metals In Scrap Yard Neighbourhood. Springerplus 2016, 5, 560–576.
[3] Hama Aziz, K. H.; Mustafa, F. S.; Omer, K. M.; Hama, S.; Hamarawf, R. F.; Rahman, K. O. Heavy Metal Pollution In The Aquatic Environment: Efficient And Low-Cost Removal Approaches To Eliminate Their Toxicity: A Review. RSC Adv. 2023, 13 (26), 17595–17610.
[4] Munene, E. N.; Hashim, N. O.; Ambusso, W. N. Human Health Risk Assessment Of Heavy Metal Concentration In Surface Water Of Sosian River, Eldoret Town, Uasin-Gishu County Kenya. Methodsx 2023, 11, 102298–102306.
[5] Tvrda, E.; Peer, R.; Sikka, S. C.; Agarwal, A. Iron And Copper In Male Reproduction: A Double-Edged Sword. J. Assist. Reprod. Genet. 2015, 32 (1), 3–16.

ABSTRACT: This study investigates the thermal properties of four common ceiling materials; PVC, POP, asbestos and cardboard used in buildings in Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The aim was to determine the thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal resistance of these materials to assess their effectiveness in insulating against heat in tropical climates. The experimental results revealed that asbestos exhibited the lowest thermal conductivity (0.09 W/m·K) and the highest thermal resistance (11.11 m²·K/W), making it the best thermal insulator. However, due to its associated health risks, asbestos is no longer suitable for use......

Keywords: Ceiling materials, thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thermal resistance.

[1] Adebayo, S. A. And Onyekachi, U. A. (2020). Comparative Analysis Of Ceiling Materials For Energy-Efficient Building Design In Nigeria. Journal Of Building Performance, 8(1), 23-34.
[2] Akande, O. K. And Adebamowo, M. A. (2010). Indoor Thermal Comfort For Residential Buildings In Hot-Dry Climate Of Nigeria. Proceedings Of The Conference On Sustainable Architecture And Urban Design.
[3] Etuk, S. E., Akpabio, L. E And Akpabio, K. E. (2007). Determination Of Thermal Properties Of Cocos Nucifera Trunk For Predicting Temperature Variation With Its Thickness, The Arabian Journal For Science And Engineering, 30(A1), 121-126.
[4] Eze, M. E., Chidiebere, O. C. And Nwankwo, A. O. (2021). Evaluating Thermal Conductivity Of Building Materials In Nigeria: A Case Study. Journal Of Construction Science And Technology, 6(3), 45-52.
[5] George, N. J., Obianwu, V. I., Akpabio, G. T. And Obot, I. B. (2010). Comparison Of Thermal Insulation Efficiency Of Some Selected Materials Used As Ceiling In Building Design, Archives Of Applied Science Research, 2 (3): 253-259.

ABSTRACT: The integration of plasma-polymerized coatings into drug delivery systems (DDS) represents a cutting-edge advancement in biomedical engineering, offering significant improvements in precision, efficiency, and therapeutic outcomes. Plasma-based coating techniques enable the deposition of ultrathin, conformal, and chemically tailored polymer films onto a variety of substrates, including drug-loaded nanoparticles, implants, and microcapsules. These coatings serve not only as physical barriers but also as functional interfaces that can modulate drug......

Keywords: Plasma coating, drug delivery systems, plasma polymerization, controlled release, biomedical coatings

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[2] Allen, T. M., & Cullis, P. R. (2004). Drug Delivery Systems: Entering The Mainstream. Science, 303(5665), 1818–1822.
[3] Yasuda, H. K. (1985). Plasma Polymerization. Academic Press.
[4] Friedrich, J. (2012). The Plasma Chemistry Of Polymer Surfaces. Wiley-VCH.
[5] Shenton, M. J., & Stevens, G. C. (2001). Plasma Polymerization Of Acrylic Acid: Surface Analysis And Application In Biomaterials. Journal Of Applied Polymer Science, 82(7), 1650–1657.