Abstract: Background: Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)—leucine, isoleucine, and valine—play a fundamental role in muscle metabolism, acting as energy substrates and regulators of protein synthesis through mTOR pathway signaling. Beyond their well-established role in sports nutrition, BCAAs have been widely studied in clinical contexts such as cancer, liver cirrhosis, and cachexia due to their ability to preserve muscle mass and modulate metabolic responses in catabolic states.......
Keywords: Cell signaling; Catabolism; Supplementation; Metabolism; Therapies.
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