Abstract: This study investigated how different riding configurations—no rider, single rider, and double rider—affect the static joint kinematics of horses employed in hippotherapy. Three clinically healthy adult horses underwent photogrammetric analysis using Kinovea® software to measure coxofemoral, metatarsophalangeal, scapulohumeral, and metacarpophalangeal joint angles under each condition. Reflective markers were placed on anatomical landmarks, and images were captured laterally with standardized camera positioning. Data were analyzed via repeated......
Keywords: Hippotherapy; Equine biomechanics; Static kinematics; Photogrammetry; Joint angles; Riding configuration
[1]
Aewerdieck, L. M., Et Al. Exploring In-Session Engagement In Equine-Assisted Services. Journal Of Integrative And Complementary Medicine, 2024. Doi:10.1089/Jicm.2024.0151. Accessed July 23, 2025.
[2]
Barreira, B. R., Et Al. Electromyographic Comparison Of The Contraction Of Paravertebral And Rectus Abdominis Muscles With The Horse At A Walk Using Different Saddles. Revista De Biologia E Ciências Da Terra, V. 16, N. 1, P. 71–76, 2016.
[3]
Bastos, A. F. C., Et Al. Effects Of Hippotherapy On Posture And Balance In Children With Neuromotor Disabilities. Fisioterapia Brasil, V. 16, N. 6, P. 437–441, 2015.
[4]
Chung, Y., Et Al. Analysis Of Trunk Neuromuscular Activation During Equine-Assisted Therapy In Older Adults. Journal Of Physical Therapy Science, V. 29, P. 303–306, 2017. Doi:10.1589/Jpts.29.303.
[5]
Clayton, H. M.; Hobbs, S. J. The Role Of Biomechanical Analysis Of Horse And Rider In Equitation Science. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, V. 190, P. 123–132, 2017. Doi:10.1016/J.Applanim.2017.02.011